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Araştırma Makalesi
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Speech Act Comprehension and Production Skills: A Scale Development Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 88 - 120, 29.01.2025

Erol Yıldız , Selda Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1574573

Öz

Language with its verbal and non-verbal components is a social phenomenon that has a significant impact on an individual's cognitive, academic, and socio-emotional development. Therefore, it can provide critical indicators for the social and emotional development of individuals, whether they are typically developing, have special needs, or are gifted. In this study, a performance-based scale was developed to evaluate the indirect speech act comprehension and production skills of children aged 8-14 years, based on speech acts, face, and politeness theories. As a result of the study, the Speech Act Comprehension and Production Skills Scale (SCPSS) was created, consisting of two forms. Each form includes two factors, comprehension and production, and nine items. Content, construct, and discriminant validity, as well as reliability analyses, were conducted for each form. The findings of the study demonstrated that both forms of the developed scale could be used to evaluate children's indirect speech act comprehension and production skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Listening and speaking indirect speech acts speech act comprehension speech act production scale development validity reliability

Kaynakça

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Sözeylem Anlama ve Üretim Becerisi: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 88 - 120, 29.01.2025

Erol Yıldız , Selda Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1574573

Öz

Dil sözel ve sözel olmayan öğeleriyle bireyin bilişsel, akademik ve sosyal-duygusal gelişiminde önemli etkiye sahip sosyal bir olgudur. Dolayısıyla hem tipik hem özel gereksinimli hem de özel yetenekli bireylerin sosyal ve duygusal gelişimlerine ilişkin kritik göstergeler sunabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sözeylem, yüz ve incelik kuramlarına dayalı olarak 8-14 yaş aralığındaki çocukların dolaylı sözeylem anlama ve üretme becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi için performansa dayalı bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Sözeylem Anlama ve Üretim Becerisi Ölçeği (SAÜBÖ) iki formdan oluşmuştur. Her bir formda anlama ve üretim olmak üzere iki faktör ve dokuzar madde yer almıştır. Her bir formun içerik, yapı ve ayırt edicilik geçerliliği ile güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış ve çalışma bulguları geliştirilen ölçeğin her iki formunun da çocuklarda dolaylı sözeylem anlama ve üretme becerilerini değerlendirmede kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinleme ve konuşma dolaylı sözeylemler sözeylem anlama sözeylem üretme ölçek geliştirme geçerlilik güvenilirlik

Kaynakça

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  • Adams, C. (2002). Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(8), 973-987. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00226
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  • İnan, İ. (2012). Dil felsefesi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
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  • Keçeli-Kaysılı, B. (2006). Otizmli çocukların dil özelliklerinin kullanım açısından incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
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  • Koğar, E. Y., Demirdüzen, E., Gelbal, S., & Inal, H. (2016). Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: A meta-analysis study. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 32(1), 18-32. http://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2016017219
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Leaper, C., & Smith, T. E. (2004). A meta-analytic review of gender variations in children's language use: Talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 993-1027. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.993
  • Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.
  • Li, J., Peng, P., Ma, X. e., Ding, N., & Zhao, J. (2023). How does family socioeconomic status influence children’s reading ability? Evidence from meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Educational Psychology Review, 35(4), 119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09834-1
  • Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 54(3), 519-530. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.3.519
  • McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276-282. https:/doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
  • McTear, M., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (1992). Pragmatic disability in children. London: Whurr.
  • Owens, R. E. (2020). Language development: An introduction (8th Edition ed.). Boston: Pearson.
  • Ozdemir, S., Akin-Bulbul, I., Kok, I., & Ozdemir, S. (2022). Development of a visual attention based decision support system for autism spectrum disorder screening. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 173, 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.01.004
  • Ozdemir, S., Akin-Bulbul, I., & Yildiz, E. (2024a). Visual attention in joint attention bids: A comparison between toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing toddlers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06224-y
  • Özdemir, S., Akın Bülbül I., Suna, H. E., & Akkuş, Ş. K. (2024b). An examination of eye tracking in videos and 3D animations in children with ASD and TD children. Education and Science, 49(217), 21- 43. https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2023.11750
  • Öztürk, D., Aydoğan, S., Kök, İ., Akın Bülbül, I., Özdemir, S., & Akay, D. (2024). Linguistic summarization of visual attention and developmental functioning of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Health Information Science and Systems, 12(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-024-00297-4
  • Pace, A., Luo, R., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2017). Identifying pathways between socioeconomic status and language development. Annual Review of Linguistics, 3(1), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011516-034226
  • Phelps-Terasaki, D., & Phelps-Gunn, T. (2007). Test of Pragmatic Language-Second Edition (TOPL-2). Texas: Pro-Ed.
  • Padilla, M. A., & Divers, J. (2016). A comparison of composite reliability estimators: Coefficient omega confidence intervals in the current literature. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 76(3), 436-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164415593776
  • Piaget, J. (1954). The origins of intelligence in children. New York City: Norton.
  • Plucker, J. A., Makel, M. C., & Qian, M. (2019). Assessment of creativity. In J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 44-68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316979839.005
  • Pollio, M. R., & Pollio, H. R. (1974). The development of figurative language in children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 3(3), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01069237
  • Prutting, C. A., & Kirchner, D. M. (1987). A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52(2), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5202.105
  • Rice, M. L., Sell, M. A., & Hadley, P. A. (1990). The Social Interactive Coding System (SICS): An on-line, clinically relevant descriptive tool. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 21(1), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2101.02
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schuberth, F., Henseler, J., & Dijkstra, T. K. (2018). Confirmatory composite analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02541
  • Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Searle, J. R. (1975). A taxonomy of illocutionary acts. In K. Gunderson (Ed.), Language, mind and knowledge (pp. 344–369). Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and meaning: Studies in the theory of speech acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Searle, J. R., & Vanderveken, D. (2009). Foundations of illocutionary logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shapiro, E. R. (1980). The development of children’s comprehension of teacher directives in natural and controlled contexts (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). State University of New York at Albany.
  • Spector, C. (1996). Children’s comprehension of idioms in the context of humour. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 27(4), 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2704.307
  • Şen, S., & Yıldırım, İ. (2019). Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). London: Pearson Publishing.
  • Tager-Flusberg, H. (2016). Risk factors associated with language in autism spectrum disorder: Clues to underlying mechanisms. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 59(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0146
  • Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. Ballantine Books.
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  • Tezel, D. (2015). Erken çocuklukta günlük iletişim becerilerinin pragmatik profillerinin değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türkiye.
  • Trevarthen, C., Delafield-Butt, J. (2017). Intersubjectivity in the imagination and feelings of the infant: Implications for education in the early years. In White, E.J., Dalli, C. (eds) Under-three-year-olds in policy and practice. policy and pedagogy with under-three-year-olds: Cross-disciplinary insights and innovations. United States: Springer Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2275-3_2
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  • Trevarthen, C., & Delafield-Butt, J. (2017). Intersubjectivity in the imagination and feelings of the infant: Implications for education in the early years. In E. J. White & C. Dalli (Eds.), Under-three year olds in policy and practice (pp. 17-38). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2275-3_2
  • Trizano-Hermosilla, I., & Alvarado, J. M. (2016). Best alternatives to Cronbach’s alpha reliability in realistic conditions: Congeneric and asymmetrical measurements. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00769
  • Ünal, Ş. (2014). İletişim Becerileri Kontrol Listesi-II’nin (CCC-2) Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Vaske, J. J., Beaman, J., & Sponarski, C. C. (2016). Rethinking internal consistency in Cronbach’s alpha. Leisure Sciences, 39(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
  • Wilson, F. R., Pan, W., & Schumsky, D. A. (2012). Recalculation of the critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 45, 197–210. http://doi.org/10.1177/0748175612440286
  • Winner, E. (1996). Gifted children: Myths and realities. New York: Basic Books.
  • Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806-838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
  • Yakut, R. E. (2019). A cross-cultural pragmatics approach to speech acts in American English and Turkish: The case of refusals in TV series (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Erciyes University Institute of Social Sciences, Kayseri.
  • Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Yule, G. (2020). The study of language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Türkçe Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erol Yıldız 0000-0002-1013-397X

Selda Özdemir 0000-0001-9205-5946

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ocak 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, E., & Özdemir, S. (2025). Sözeylem Anlama ve Üretim Becerisi: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 13(1), 88-120. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.1574573

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Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi Creative Commons Alıntı-Gayriticari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.