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Yaşlılarda Yalnızlık ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişki : Sosyal Desteğin Aracılık Rolünün Sınanması

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 13 - 25, 24.06.2016

Şahin Kapıkıran

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlılarda yalnızlık ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide sosyal desteğin aracılık rolünün sınanmasıdır. Çalışma, 65-92 (x = 72.17) yaşları arasındaki yaşlıları içermektedir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 57 kadın ve 53 erkek olmak üzere toplam 110 yaşlı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (Diener, Emmons, Larsen ve Griffin, 1985), UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği (Russell Peplau ve Cutrona, 1980) ve Çok Yönlü Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet ve Farley, 1988) ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizi için tek yönlü varyans analizi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta, sosyal desteğin yalnızlık ile yaşam doyumu arasında kısmi düzeyde aracılığı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar alan yazını çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Altıparmak, S. (2009). Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin yaşam doyumu, sosyal destek
  • düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 23(3), 159-64.
  • Aquino, J. A., Russell, D. W., Cutrona, C. E., & Altmaier, E. M. (1996). Employment status,
  • social support, and life satisfaction among the elderly.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 480.
  • Azam, W. M., Yunus, W. M., Din, N. C., Ahmad, M., Ghazali, S. E., Ibrahim, N. &Maniam,
  • T. (2013). Loneliness and depression among the elderly in an agricultural settlement: Mediating effects of social support. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry, 5(S1), 134-139.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny. D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social
  • psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Barrett, A. E. (1999). Social support and life satisfaction among the never married examining
  • the effects of age. Research on Aging, 21(1), 46-72.
  • Bozo, Ö., Toksabay, N. E., & Kürüm, O. (2009). Activities of daily living, depression, and
  • social support among elderly Turkish people. The Journal of psychology, 143(2), 193-206.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2003). Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on
  • underlying mechanisms. Perspectives in biology and medicine,46(3), S39-S52.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C. ve Thisted, R. A. (2006).
  • Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140-151.
  • Collins, S. M. (2003). Attachment, social support and loneliness in later life. Unpublished
  • Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A: Iowa University.
  • Çakır Y, Palabıyıkoğlu R (1997) Gençlerde sosyal destek-çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek
  • ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi 5: 15-24.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi,
  • (23),14-28.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem.
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653–663.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life
  • scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well–being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a
  • national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three
  • decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
  • Dong, X., Beck, T., & Simon, M. A. (2009). Loneliness and mistreatment of older Chinese
  • women: Does social support matter? Journal of Women and Aging, 21, 293–302.
  • Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction
  • with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social indicators research, 99(3), 413-429.
  • Eker, D., & Arkar, H. (1995). Factorial structure, reliability and validity to the
  • multidimensional scale of social support. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 10, 45–55.
  • Ergh, T. C., Hanks, R. A., Rapport, L. J., & Coleman, R. D. (2003). Social support moderates
  • caregiver life satisfaction following traumatic brain injury.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(8), 1090-1101.
  • Fischer, C. S. (1973). On urban alienations and anomie: Powerlessness and social isolation.
  • American Sociology Review, 38: 311–26.
  • Fisher, C.S. ve Phillips, S.L. (1982). Who is alone? Social characteristics of people with small
  • Networks. Eds.) Peplau, L.A. ve Perlman, D.Loneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research, and Therapy. (s.15-21). Canada: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Gibson, H.B. (2000). Loneliness in later life.NY: St. Martin’s Press L.L.C. Hawkley, L. C.,
  • Thisted, R. A., ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional ve longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354-363.
  • Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced
  • physical activity: cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354.
  • Kapıkıran, Ş., & Acun-Kapıkıran, N. (2010). Algılanan elde edilebilir destek ölçeğinin
  • Türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 51-73.
  • Lopez Ej, Ehly S, Vazquez-Garcia E (2002) Acculturation,social support and academic
  • achievement of mexican and mexican american high school students: an exploratory study. Psychol Schools, 39: 245-257.
  • Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures.
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.
  • Malecki C. K. and Demaray, M. K. (2003) What Type of Support Do They Need?
  • Investigating Student Adjustment as Related to Emotional, Informational, Appraisal, and Instrumental Support. School Psychology, Quarterly, 18(3), 231–252.
  • Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y. & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging,
  • relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 213–218.
  • Nyqvist, F., Cattan, M., Andersson, L., Forsman, A. K., ve Gustafson, Y. (2013). Social
  • capital and loneliness among the very old living at home and in institutional settings A comparative study. Journal of Aging and Health, 25 (6), 1013-1035.
  • Oni, O.O. (2010). Social support, loneliness and depression in the elderly. Unpublished
  • Master Thesis. Canada:Queen’s University.
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological
  • Assessment, 5(2),164–172.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D.
  • Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). New York: Wiley.
  • Poulin, J., Deng, R., Ingersoll, T. S., Witt, H., & Swain, M. (2012). Perceived family and
  • friend support and the psychological well-being of American and Chinese elderly persons. Journal of cross-cultural gerontology, 27(4), 305-317.
  • Routasalo, P., & Pitkala, K. H. (2003). Loneliness among older people. Reviews in Clinical
  • Gerontology, 13(04), 303-311.
  • Routasalo, P. E., Savikko, N., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E. ve Pitkälä, K. H. (2006). Social
  • contacts and their relationship to loneliness among aged people a population-based study. Gerontology.13(4), 303-311.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona,C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness scale:
  • Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
  • Saibran-Cook, K. (2009). The role of relational competence as a predictor of loneliness in
  • older adults. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A: Utah University.
  • Savikko, N., Routasalo, P., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E. ve Pitkälä, K. H. (2005).
  • Predictors and subjective causes of loneliness in an aged population. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 41(3), 223-233.
  • Shaff, M. L. (2007). Predicting longitudinal loneliness in older adults. Unpublished Doctoral
  • Thesis. IOWA: Iowa University.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction.
  • American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural
  • equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290–312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
  • Stephens, C., Alpass, F., Towers, A. ve Stevenson, B. (2011). The effects of types of social
  • networks, perceived social support, and loneliness on the health of older people: Accounting for the social context. Journal of Aging and Health, 23(6) 887–911.
  • Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness,
  • and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5797-5801.
  • Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Sinniah, D., Maniam, T., Kannan, K., Stanistreet, D., &
  • Furnham, A. (2007). General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 42(2), 161-166.
  • Uslu, E., Bulduk, S. ve Keçeci, A. (2013). Düzce ili huzurevinde yaşayan bireylerin yalnızlık
  • düzeyleri ve sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Günay,G., Oğuz, A. ve Karataş, A.R. Aktif ve sağlıklı yaşlanma (s.54-60). 7. Ulusal Yaşlılık Kongresi.23-25 Mayıs, Karabük.
  • Van Baarsen, B. (2002). Theories on Coping With Loss The Impact of Social Support and
  • Self-Esteem on Adjustment to Emotional and Social Loneliness Following a Partner's
  • Death in Later Life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences
  • and Social Sciences, 57(1), S33-S42.
  • Victor, C. R., Scambler, S. J., Bowling, A. N. N., ve Bond, J. (2005). The prevalence of, and
  • risk factors for, loneliness in later life: A survey of older people in Great Britain. Ageing and Society, 25(06), 357-375.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation.
  • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Wong, D. F. K., Chang, Y., He, X., & Wu, Q. (2010). The protective functions of
  • relationships, social support and self-esteem in the life satisfaction of children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. International journal of social psychiatry, 56(2), 143-157.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional
  • scale of Perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 13 - 25, 24.06.2016

Şahin Kapıkıran

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Altıparmak, S. (2009). Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin yaşam doyumu, sosyal destek
  • düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 23(3), 159-64.
  • Aquino, J. A., Russell, D. W., Cutrona, C. E., & Altmaier, E. M. (1996). Employment status,
  • social support, and life satisfaction among the elderly.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 480.
  • Azam, W. M., Yunus, W. M., Din, N. C., Ahmad, M., Ghazali, S. E., Ibrahim, N. &Maniam,
  • T. (2013). Loneliness and depression among the elderly in an agricultural settlement: Mediating effects of social support. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry, 5(S1), 134-139.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny. D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social
  • psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
  • Barrett, A. E. (1999). Social support and life satisfaction among the never married examining
  • the effects of age. Research on Aging, 21(1), 46-72.
  • Bozo, Ö., Toksabay, N. E., & Kürüm, O. (2009). Activities of daily living, depression, and
  • social support among elderly Turkish people. The Journal of psychology, 143(2), 193-206.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2003). Social isolation and health, with an emphasis on
  • underlying mechanisms. Perspectives in biology and medicine,46(3), S39-S52.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C. ve Thisted, R. A. (2006).
  • Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140-151.
  • Collins, S. M. (2003). Attachment, social support and loneliness in later life. Unpublished
  • Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A: Iowa University.
  • Çakır Y, Palabıyıkoğlu R (1997) Gençlerde sosyal destek-çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek
  • ölçeğinin güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi 5: 15-24.
  • Demir, A. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi,
  • (23),14-28.
  • Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem.
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653–663.
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life
  • scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well–being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a
  • national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three
  • decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
  • Dong, X., Beck, T., & Simon, M. A. (2009). Loneliness and mistreatment of older Chinese
  • women: Does social support matter? Journal of Women and Aging, 21, 293–302.
  • Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction
  • with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social indicators research, 99(3), 413-429.
  • Eker, D., & Arkar, H. (1995). Factorial structure, reliability and validity to the
  • multidimensional scale of social support. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 10, 45–55.
  • Ergh, T. C., Hanks, R. A., Rapport, L. J., & Coleman, R. D. (2003). Social support moderates
  • caregiver life satisfaction following traumatic brain injury.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(8), 1090-1101.
  • Fischer, C. S. (1973). On urban alienations and anomie: Powerlessness and social isolation.
  • American Sociology Review, 38: 311–26.
  • Fisher, C.S. ve Phillips, S.L. (1982). Who is alone? Social characteristics of people with small
  • Networks. Eds.) Peplau, L.A. ve Perlman, D.Loneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research, and Therapy. (s.15-21). Canada: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • Gibson, H.B. (2000). Loneliness in later life.NY: St. Martin’s Press L.L.C. Hawkley, L. C.,
  • Thisted, R. A., ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional ve longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354-363.
  • Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced
  • physical activity: cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354.
  • Kapıkıran, Ş., & Acun-Kapıkıran, N. (2010). Algılanan elde edilebilir destek ölçeğinin
  • Türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 51-73.
  • Lopez Ej, Ehly S, Vazquez-Garcia E (2002) Acculturation,social support and academic
  • achievement of mexican and mexican american high school students: an exploratory study. Psychol Schools, 39: 245-257.
  • Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures.
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 616–628.
  • Malecki C. K. and Demaray, M. K. (2003) What Type of Support Do They Need?
  • Investigating Student Adjustment as Related to Emotional, Informational, Appraisal, and Instrumental Support. School Psychology, Quarterly, 18(3), 231–252.
  • Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y. & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging,
  • relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 213–218.
  • Nyqvist, F., Cattan, M., Andersson, L., Forsman, A. K., ve Gustafson, Y. (2013). Social
  • capital and loneliness among the very old living at home and in institutional settings A comparative study. Journal of Aging and Health, 25 (6), 1013-1035.
  • Oni, O.O. (2010). Social support, loneliness and depression in the elderly. Unpublished
  • Master Thesis. Canada:Queen’s University.
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological
  • Assessment, 5(2),164–172.
  • Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D.
  • Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). New York: Wiley.
  • Poulin, J., Deng, R., Ingersoll, T. S., Witt, H., & Swain, M. (2012). Perceived family and
  • friend support and the psychological well-being of American and Chinese elderly persons. Journal of cross-cultural gerontology, 27(4), 305-317.
  • Routasalo, P., & Pitkala, K. H. (2003). Loneliness among older people. Reviews in Clinical
  • Gerontology, 13(04), 303-311.
  • Routasalo, P. E., Savikko, N., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E. ve Pitkälä, K. H. (2006). Social
  • contacts and their relationship to loneliness among aged people a population-based study. Gerontology.13(4), 303-311.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona,C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness scale:
  • Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480.
  • Saibran-Cook, K. (2009). The role of relational competence as a predictor of loneliness in
  • older adults. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A: Utah University.
  • Savikko, N., Routasalo, P., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E. ve Pitkälä, K. H. (2005).
  • Predictors and subjective causes of loneliness in an aged population. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 41(3), 223-233.
  • Shaff, M. L. (2007). Predicting longitudinal loneliness in older adults. Unpublished Doctoral
  • Thesis. IOWA: Iowa University.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction.
  • American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural
  • equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290–312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
  • Stephens, C., Alpass, F., Towers, A. ve Stevenson, B. (2011). The effects of types of social
  • networks, perceived social support, and loneliness on the health of older people: Accounting for the social context. Journal of Aging and Health, 23(6) 887–911.
  • Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness,
  • and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5797-5801.
  • Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Sinniah, D., Maniam, T., Kannan, K., Stanistreet, D., &
  • Furnham, A. (2007). General health mediates the relationship between loneliness, life satisfaction and depression. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 42(2), 161-166.
  • Uslu, E., Bulduk, S. ve Keçeci, A. (2013). Düzce ili huzurevinde yaşayan bireylerin yalnızlık
  • düzeyleri ve sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Günay,G., Oğuz, A. ve Karataş, A.R. Aktif ve sağlıklı yaşlanma (s.54-60). 7. Ulusal Yaşlılık Kongresi.23-25 Mayıs, Karabük.
  • Van Baarsen, B. (2002). Theories on Coping With Loss The Impact of Social Support and
  • Self-Esteem on Adjustment to Emotional and Social Loneliness Following a Partner's
  • Death in Later Life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences
  • and Social Sciences, 57(1), S33-S42.
  • Victor, C. R., Scambler, S. J., Bowling, A. N. N., ve Bond, J. (2005). The prevalence of, and
  • risk factors for, loneliness in later life: A survey of older people in Great Britain. Ageing and Society, 25(06), 357-375.
  • Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation.
  • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Wong, D. F. K., Chang, Y., He, X., & Wu, Q. (2010). The protective functions of
  • relationships, social support and self-esteem in the life satisfaction of children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. International journal of social psychiatry, 56(2), 143-157.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional
  • scale of Perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.
Toplam 102 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şahin Kapıkıran

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kapıkıran, Ş. (2016). Yaşlılarda Yalnızlık ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişki : Sosyal Desteğin Aracılık Rolünün Sınanması. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 13-25.
 Kapak Resmi İndir