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UNDERSTANDING CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 709 - 728, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.847467

Öz

Child abuse and neglect has been a concern for professionals working in the field of mental health, especially in recent years. In the relevant literature, there are several approaches to understanding child abuse, identifying the risk factors that lead to abuse, and preventing child abuse. Unfortunately, these models often seem to be in conflict with each other and insufficient to understand and eliminate a complex social problem such as child abuse. According to the ecological approach, child abuse occurs as a result of the interaction of a large number of factors, not a single acting effect. This model is the most comprehensive model currently available for understanding child abuse and provides a systematic framework for conducting research and practices on abuse. In this study, the phenomenon of child abuse is evaluated within the framework of the ecological model and practical recommendations are presented to experts working in the field at the macro, mezzo and micro level to ensure the implementation of the model.

Kaynakça

  • Akçe, D. ve Doğan, H. Cinsel istismara maruz kalmış çocuklar üzerine bir değerlendirme. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 4 (1), 12-20.
  • Alexander R. (2010). Prevention of physical abuse-approaches and evidence. The International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN). Special Report 2010.
  • Azizoğlu M. (2009). Lise ergenlerinde duygusal istismarın başarıya etkisi. Yüksek lisans tezi. Yeditepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eğitim Yönetimi ve Denetimi Programı, İstanbul.
  • Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S. and Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58, 469–83.
  • Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320-335.
  • Belsky, J. (1992). The etiology of child maltreatment: An ecological-contextual analysis. Paper prepared for the Panel on Research on Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
  • Berger, L. M. (2004). Income, family structure, and child maltreatment risk. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(8):725–748.
  • Berger, L. M, Paxson, C. and Waldfogel, J. (2009). Mothers, men, and child protective services involvement. Child Maltreatment,14(3), 263–276.
  • Blumberg, M. L. (1974). Psychopathology of the abusing parent. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 28, 21-29.
  • Brim, O. G. (1975). Macro-structural influences on child develop- ment and the need for childhood social in- dicators. American Journal of Orthopsychia, 45, 516.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1976). The experimental ecology of education. Teachers College Record 78, 157- 204.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998). A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(11), 1065–1078.
  • Capaldi, D. M. (1992). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: A 2-year follow-up at grade 8. Development and Psychopathology, 4(1),125–144.
  • Capaldi, D. M., Kim, H.K. and Pears, K. C. (2009). Preventing partner violence: Research and evidence-based strategies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Carmody, K. A., Hasket, M.E., Loehman, J., Rose, R. (2015). Physically abused children’s adjustment at the transition to school: child, parent, and family factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 957-969.
  • Coulton, C. J., Crampton, D.S., Irwin, M., Spilsbury, J.C. and Korbin, J.E. (2007).How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(11-12),1117–1142.
  • Chen, L. P., Murad, M. H., Paras, M.L., et. al. (2010). Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(7),618–629.
  • Cry, C., Euser. E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 87-108.
  • Çengel-Kültür E., Çuhadaroğlu-Çetin F. and Gökler B. (2007). Demographic and clinical features of child abuse and neglect cases. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 49, 256-262.
  • DeVylder J. (2012). An ecological systems perspective on the clinical high risk state preceding schizophrenia onset. Social Work in Mental Health, 10(6), 478-495.
  • Di Blasio, P., Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Ionio, C., and Milani, L. (2017). Does maternal parenting stress mediate the association between PTS postpartum symptoms and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems? A longitudinal perspective. Child and Youth Care Forum, 46, 685–701.
  • Douglas E. M. (2014). A comparison of child fatalities by physical abuse versus neglect: Child, family, service, and worker characteristics. Journal Of Social Service Research, 40, 259-273.
  • Dubowitz, H. (1999). Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dubowitz, H., Kim, J., Black, M. M., Weisbart, C., Semiatin, J., and Magder, L. S. (2011). Identifying children at high risk for a child maltreatment report. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(2), 96–104.
  • Dufour, S., Lavergne, C., Larrivée, M.C. and Trocmé, N. (2008). Who are these parents involved in child neglect? A differential analysis by parent gender and family structure. Children and Youth Services Review,30(2),141–156.
  • Garbarino, J. (1977). The human ecology of child maltreatment: A conceptual model for research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 39 (4), 721-735.
  • Gil, D.G. (1970) Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gilbert, R., Spatz‐Widom, C., Browne, K.D. et al. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high‐income countries. The Lancet, 373, 68–81.
  • Goldberg, S. (1983). Parent-infant bonding: Another look. Child Development, 54,1355-1382.
  • Güner, Ş. İ., Güner, Ş. Ve Şahan, M. H. (2010). Çocuklarda sosyal ve medikal bir problem; İstismar. Van Tıp Dergisi, 17(3), 108-113.
  • Güneş-Aslan, G. (2020). Çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarın açığa vurulma süreci hakkında bir derleme. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(4), 1886-1912.
  • Fergusson, D.M., Boden, J. M. and Horwood. L. J. E. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(6), 607–619.
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H. & Holt, M. (2009). Pathways to poly‐victimization. Child Maltreatment, 14, 316–329.
  • Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., and Pellai, A. (2017). Child Abuse and Neglect: Ecological perspectives. In L. Dixon, D. Perkins, C. Hamilton-Giachritsis, & L. Craig (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of What works in Child Maltreatment: An evidence-based approach to assessment and intervention in child protection. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Çocuk İstismarı ve İhmalini Anlamak: Ekolojik Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 709 - 728, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.847467

Öz

Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali, özellikle son yıllarda ruh sağlığı alanında çalışan profesyoneller için bir endişe kaynağı olmuştur. İlgili literatürde çocuk istismarını anlamak, istismara yol açan risk faktörlerini tanımlamak ve çocuğa yönelik istismarı önlemek için çeşitli yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Ne yazık ki, bu yaklaşımların genellikle çocuk istismarı gibi karmaşık bir sosyal sorunu anlamak ve ortadan kaldırmak için yetersiz kaldığı görülmektedir. Son yıllarda, çocuk istismarının etiyolojisi ve süreçlerini açıklamak üzere daha kapsamlı bir yaklaşım olan ekolojik modelin ilgili literatüre dahil edildiği dikkat çekmektedir. Ekolojik yaklaşıma göre çocuk istismarı, tek başına hareket eden bir etkinin değil, çok sayıda faktörün etkileşimi sonucunda meydana gelir. İstismara yönelik araştırma ve uygulamaları yürütmek için sistematik bir çerçeve sağlayan bu model, çocuk istismarı ve ihmalini anlamaya katkı sağlayan en kapsamlı modeldir. Bu çalışmada çocuk istismarı olgusu ekolojik model çerçevesinde değerlendirilmekte ve bu kapsamda alanda çalışan uzmanlara makro, mezo ve mikro düzeyde pratik öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akçe, D. ve Doğan, H. Cinsel istismara maruz kalmış çocuklar üzerine bir değerlendirme. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 4 (1), 12-20.
  • Alexander R. (2010). Prevention of physical abuse-approaches and evidence. The International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN). Special Report 2010.
  • Azizoğlu M. (2009). Lise ergenlerinde duygusal istismarın başarıya etkisi. Yüksek lisans tezi. Yeditepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eğitim Yönetimi ve Denetimi Programı, İstanbul.
  • Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S. and Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 58, 469–83.
  • Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35, 320-335.
  • Belsky, J. (1992). The etiology of child maltreatment: An ecological-contextual analysis. Paper prepared for the Panel on Research on Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
  • Berger, L. M. (2004). Income, family structure, and child maltreatment risk. Children and Youth Services Review, 26(8):725–748.
  • Berger, L. M, Paxson, C. and Waldfogel, J. (2009). Mothers, men, and child protective services involvement. Child Maltreatment,14(3), 263–276.
  • Blumberg, M. L. (1974). Psychopathology of the abusing parent. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 28, 21-29.
  • Brim, O. G. (1975). Macro-structural influences on child develop- ment and the need for childhood social in- dicators. American Journal of Orthopsychia, 45, 516.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1976). The experimental ecology of education. Teachers College Record 78, 157- 204.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998). A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(11), 1065–1078.
  • Capaldi, D. M. (1992). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: A 2-year follow-up at grade 8. Development and Psychopathology, 4(1),125–144.
  • Capaldi, D. M., Kim, H.K. and Pears, K. C. (2009). Preventing partner violence: Research and evidence-based strategies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Carmody, K. A., Hasket, M.E., Loehman, J., Rose, R. (2015). Physically abused children’s adjustment at the transition to school: child, parent, and family factors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 957-969.
  • Coulton, C. J., Crampton, D.S., Irwin, M., Spilsbury, J.C. and Korbin, J.E. (2007).How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: A review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31(11-12),1117–1142.
  • Chen, L. P., Murad, M. H., Paras, M.L., et. al. (2010). Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(7),618–629.
  • Cry, C., Euser. E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 87-108.
  • Çengel-Kültür E., Çuhadaroğlu-Çetin F. and Gökler B. (2007). Demographic and clinical features of child abuse and neglect cases. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 49, 256-262.
  • DeVylder J. (2012). An ecological systems perspective on the clinical high risk state preceding schizophrenia onset. Social Work in Mental Health, 10(6), 478-495.
  • Di Blasio, P., Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Ionio, C., and Milani, L. (2017). Does maternal parenting stress mediate the association between PTS postpartum symptoms and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems? A longitudinal perspective. Child and Youth Care Forum, 46, 685–701.
  • Douglas E. M. (2014). A comparison of child fatalities by physical abuse versus neglect: Child, family, service, and worker characteristics. Journal Of Social Service Research, 40, 259-273.
  • Dubowitz, H. (1999). Neglected children: Research, practice, and policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dubowitz, H., Kim, J., Black, M. M., Weisbart, C., Semiatin, J., and Magder, L. S. (2011). Identifying children at high risk for a child maltreatment report. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(2), 96–104.
  • Dufour, S., Lavergne, C., Larrivée, M.C. and Trocmé, N. (2008). Who are these parents involved in child neglect? A differential analysis by parent gender and family structure. Children and Youth Services Review,30(2),141–156.
  • Garbarino, J. (1977). The human ecology of child maltreatment: A conceptual model for research. Journal of Marriage and Family, 39 (4), 721-735.
  • Gil, D.G. (1970) Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gilbert, R., Spatz‐Widom, C., Browne, K.D. et al. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high‐income countries. The Lancet, 373, 68–81.
  • Goldberg, S. (1983). Parent-infant bonding: Another look. Child Development, 54,1355-1382.
  • Güner, Ş. İ., Güner, Ş. Ve Şahan, M. H. (2010). Çocuklarda sosyal ve medikal bir problem; İstismar. Van Tıp Dergisi, 17(3), 108-113.
  • Güneş-Aslan, G. (2020). Çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarın açığa vurulma süreci hakkında bir derleme. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(4), 1886-1912.
  • Fergusson, D.M., Boden, J. M. and Horwood. L. J. E. (2008). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(6), 607–619.
  • Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H. & Holt, M. (2009). Pathways to poly‐victimization. Child Maltreatment, 14, 316–329.
  • Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., and Pellai, A. (2017). Child Abuse and Neglect: Ecological perspectives. In L. Dixon, D. Perkins, C. Hamilton-Giachritsis, & L. Craig (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of What works in Child Maltreatment: An evidence-based approach to assessment and intervention in child protection. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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  • Yolcuoğlu, İ. G. (2010). Çocukların ihmal ve istismara uğramasında aile ve çocuklara yönelik risk faktörleri ve sosyal hizmet müdahalesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 21(1), 73-83.
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Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tuğba Türkkan 0000-0002-3955-6597

Hatice Odacı 0000-0002-2080-6269

Kenan Bülbül 0000-0002-7527-6082

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkkan, T., Odacı, H., & Bülbül, K. (2021). Çocuk İstismarı ve İhmalini Anlamak: Ekolojik Bir Yaklaşım. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(2), 709-728. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.847467