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Transhümanizm ve Dijital Dünyada Yaşlanma: Kütüphanelerin Aktif Yaşlanmadaki Rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4, 243 - 266, 30.12.2023

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada transhümanizm ve bu kavram ile ilişkili olarak aktif yaşlanma konuları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada transhümanizmin ve günümüzde giderek daha fazla önem kazanan aktif yaşlanmanın kütüphanelerin görev ve sorumlulukları üzerinde ne tür etkilerinin olabileceğini ve teknolojinin yaşlı bireylere yönelik sunulan faaliyet ve hizmetlerde nasıl kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır.

Yöntem: Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda literatürde transhümanizm ve aktif yaşlanma kavramlarını farklı bakış açıları ile ele alan çalışmalar analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda kütüphanelerin transhümanizm anlayışı çerçevesinde aktif yaşlanmada nasıl bir rol üstlenecekleri incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Günümüzde neredeyse tüm dünyada doğum hızı gerilerken, bilim ve teknolojide yaşanılan yenilikler neticesinde beklenilen yaşam süresi artmakta ve ölüm oranları ise düşmektedir. Bu durum dünya nüfusunun çok daha hızlı yaşlanmasına ve dünyanın demografik yapısında tarihsel nitelikte önemli değişimlerin yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki payının artması ise pek çok açıdan problem olarak kabul edilmekte, bu durum özellikle sosyoekonomik ve sosyokültürel anlamda birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir.

Sonuç: Günümüzde nüfus yaşlanması küresel bir sorun hâline dönüşürken, bu sorunun üstesinden gelebilmek ve yaşlanmayı birey ve toplum açısından bir fırsata dönüştürebilmek amacıyla aktif yaşlanma yaklaşımı benimsenmektedir. Aktif yaşlanmada gerekli imkânların sağlanmasıyla bireyin yaşlanma sürecinde de toplumsal hayata katılım sağlayabileceğine inanılmaktadır. Kütüphanelerin de yaşlı kullanıcılarına özel sunacakları yenilikçi hizmet ve faaliyetler ile aktif yaşlanma sürecinde önemli bir rol üstlenecekleri öngörülmektedir. Bu kapsamda transhümanizm çerçevesinde teknoloji ile bütünleştirilmiş, yaşlı dostu ve yaşlıları destekleyici kütüphaneler; yaşlı bireylerin iyilik hâlini sürdürmelerine ve potansiyellerini kullanmalarına imkân vererek bu bireylerin hayatla bütünleşmelerine yardımcı olmaktadır.

Özgünlük: Ulusal ve uluslararası bilgi bilimi literatürü incelendiğinde transhümanizm kavramının ve bu kavrama ilişkin aktif yaşlanma konusunun yeterince araştırılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın mevcut ve yenilikçi teknolojik çözümlerin, yaşlı kullanıcılar başta olmak üzere tüm yaş gruplarındaki kullanıcılara sunulan bilgi hizmetlerini ve kütüphanelerin diğer faaliyet alanlarını nasıl şekillendireceğine ilişkin tartışmalara katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

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Transhumanism and Aging in the Digital World: The Role of Libraries in Active Aging

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4, 243 - 266, 30.12.2023

Öz

Purpose: In this study, transhumanism and active aging issues related to this concept are discussed. The purpose of the study is to reveal what kind of effects transhumanism and active aging, gaining more and more importance today, can have on the duties and responsibilities of libraries, and how technology can be used in activities and services for older people.

Method: Studies related to transhumanism and active aging from different perspectives in literature were analyzed and evaluated. In this context, the role of libraries in active aging was examined within the framework of transhumanism.

Findings: Today, while the birth rate is declining almost all over the world, average life expectancy increases, and death rates decrease due to innovations in science and technology. This situation causes the world population to age much faster than ever and the world to experience important demographic changes. Population aging is accepted as a trouble in many respects, and it causes many socioeconomic and sociocultural challenges.

Implications: While population aging has become a global problem, the principle of active aging is adopted in response to the challenges brought by population aging and to turn aging into an opportunity both for the individual and society. It is believed that people can actively participate in society while aging if necessary opportunities are provided. It is anticipated that libraries can play an important role in active aging by providing innovative services and activities for older people. In this context, libraries that are elderly-friendly, supportive, and integrated with technology within the framework of transhumanism can help older people to maintain their well-being, use their potential, and integrate into life.

Originality: When the national and international information science literature is examined, it is seen that the concepts of transhumanism and active aging have not been adequately researched. It is thought that this study can contribute to the discussions on how existing and innovative technological solutions will shape information services offered to users of all age groups, especially older people, and other activities of libraries.

Kaynakça

  • Akinola, S. (2021, 30 Mart). What is the biggest benefit technology will have on ageing and longevity? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/03/what-is-the-biggest-benefit-technologyageing-longevity-global-future-council-tech-for-good/
  • American Library Association. (2008). Guidelines for library and information services to older adults. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 48(2), 209-212. https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.48n2.209
  • American Library Association. (2010). Keys to engaging older adults @ your library: Libraries can empower older adults with engaging programs and service. American Library Association Office for Literacy & Outreach Services.
  • American Library Association. (2014, 8 Ağustos). Trends. http://www.ala.org/tools/future/trends
  • American Library Association. (2017a). Guidelines for library services with 60+ audience: Best practices. American Library Association, Reference and User Services Association.
  • American Library Association. (2017b, 16 Haziran). Virtual reality. http://www.ala.org/tools/future/trends/virtualreality
  • American Library Association. (2018). Keys to engaging older adults. https://www.ala.org/aboutala/sites/ala.org.aboutala/files/content/Keys%20to%20Engaging%20Older%20Adults.pdf
  • American Psychological Association. (2021). Older adults’s health and age-related changes: Reality versus myth. https://www.apa.org/pi/aging/resources/guides/myth-reality.pdf
  • Ataguba, J. E., Bloom, D. E. ve Scott, A. J. (2021). A timely call to establish an international convention on the rights of older people. The Lancet Healthy Longevity, 22(9), e540-e542. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00178-1.
  • Bailey, P., Lind, B. ve Straumann, J. (2014, 19-20 Mart). Engaging older adults with technology [Konferans Sunumu]. Library Technology Conference, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/libtech_conf/2014/sessions/35/
  • Baluk, K. W., McQuire, S., Gillett, J. ve Wyatt, D. (2021). Aging in a digital society: Exploring how Canadian and Australian public library systems program for older adults. Public Library Quarterly, 40(6), 521-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2020.1811612
  • Bennett-Kapusniak, R. (2013). Older adults and the public library: The impact of the boomer generation. Public Library Quarterly, 32(3), 204-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2013.818814
  • Bennett-Kapusniak, R. (2018). Public library programs and services for midlife and beyond: Expanding opportunities for a growing population. Libraries Unlimited.
  • Bhattacharyya, A., Chakraborty, S. ve Chakrabarti, B. (2018). Changing role of libraries for active ageing [Konferans Sunumu]. IFLA.CU 2018 International Conference, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353659899_Changing_Role_of_Libraries_for_Active_Ageing
  • Bilir, N. (2007). Yaşlanan toplum. Yaşlılıkta kaliteli yaşam içinde (ss. 11-15). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Geriatrik Bilimler Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.
  • Bilir, N. (2018). Yaşlılık tanımı, yaşlılık kavramı, epidemiyolojik özellikler. A. Ertürk, A. Bahadır ve F. Koşar (Ed.), Yaşlılık ve solunum hastalıkları içinde (ss. 13-31). Türkiye Solunum Araştırmaları Derneği.
  • Blitz, M. J. (2006). Constitutional safeguards for silent experiments in living: Libraries, the right to read, and a first amendment theory for an unaccompanied right to receive information. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law Review, 74(4), 799-882. https://ssrn.com/abstract=922335
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  • Bostrom, N. (2013). Why I want to be a posthuman when I grow up. M. More ve N. Vita-More (Ed.), The transhumanist reader: Classical and contemporary essays on the science, technology, and philosophy of the human future içinde (ss. 28-53). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Calvert, P. (2017). Robots, the quiet workers, are you ready to take over? Public Library Quarterly, 36(2), 167- 172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2017.1275787
  • Careium. (2019). Tech as a solution to the silver tsunami. https://www.doro.com/en-gb/corporate/media/publications/publications/tech-as-a-solution-to-the-silver-tsunami/
  • Chakravarthi, G. (2019). The evolution of synthetic thought: Takshashila Essay. The Takshashila Institution.
  • Chen, J. (2008, 15 Haziran). RFID robotic chair follows you around for constant seating. https://gizmodo.com/rfid-robotic-chair-follows-you-around-for-constant-seat-5016550
  • Chiang, C-W., Liu, Y-H. ve Wang, C-P. (2020). An elderly assistive device substitutes for traditional online library catalogs. The Electronic Library, 38(2), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-12-2019-0292
  • Dalmer, N. K. (2017). Mind the gap: Towards the integration of critical gerontology in public library praxis. Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 1(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i1.13
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2007). Türkiye’de yaşlıların durumu ve yaşlanma ulusal eylem planı. Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Eurofound. (2018). Active aging. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/industrial-relations-dictionary/active-agein
  • European Commission. (2007, 3 Aralık). Ageing well in the information society: Action plan on information and communication technologies and ageing. Directorate-General for the Information Society and Media, INFSO.
  • Eurostat. (2020). Ageing Europe - Looking at the lives of older people in the EU - 2020 edition. European Union.
  • Fabris, M., Matejčić Čotar, S., Zović, I. ve Horvat, A. (2010). The role of libraries in lifelong learning: The case of public libraries in Istria [Konferans Sunumu]. BOBCATSSS 2010 Conference, Parma, Italy. https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/642573.fabris-cotar-zovic.pdf
  • GR Tech. (2023, 4 Mart). How your library can benefit from emerging library technologies like AR and VR. https://grtech.com/blog/benefit-of-emerging-library-technologies/
  • Harisanty, D., Anna, N. E. V., Putri, T. E., Firdaus, A. A. ve Azizi, N. A. N. (2022). Leaders, practitioners and scientists’ awareness of artificial intelligence in libraries: A pilot study. Library Hi Tech. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-10-2021-0356
  • Henderson, L., Maniam, B. ve Leavell, H. (2017). The silver tsunami: Evaluating the impact of population aging in the U.S. Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 29(2), 153-169.
  • Horton, J. (2019). Senior citizens in the twenty-first-century public library. Public Library Quarterly, 38(2), 179- 192. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2018.1554176
  • Humanity+. (2021). What is transhumanism? https://www.humanityplus.org/transhumanism
  • International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2000). Guidelines for libraries serving hospital patients and the elderly and disabled in long-term care facilities.
  • International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2022, 17 Mayıs). Library ICTs for seniors and healthy ageing. https://blogs.ifla.org/faife/2022/05/17/library-icts-for-seniors-and-healthy-ageing/
  • International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2023). Library services to people with special needs section newsletter February 2023. https://repository.ifla.org/bitstream/123456789/2531/1/LSN_ Newsletter_2023_February.pdf
  • International Telecommunication Union. (2021). Ageing in a digital world – from vulnerable to valuable. International Telecommunication Union.
  • İlik, B. ve Çoban, A. İ. (2021). Yaşlılık ve sosyal hizmetler. Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Vakfı.
  • Joiner, I. A. (2018). Emerging library technologies - It’s not just for geeks. Elsevier - Chandos Publishing.
  • Kalache, A. (1999). Active ageing makes the difference. Bull World Health Organ, 77(4), 299. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2557644
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2014). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018): Yaşlanma - Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı.
  • Karakaş, S. (1998). Çağdaş teknolojinin kütüphane ve bilgi merkezlerinde uygulanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1-2), 445-466. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dtcfdergisi/issue/66761/1044200
  • Karauğuz, A. M. (2020). Cennetten kovulan insanın cenneti yeniden inşa uğraşı: Transhümanizm. Türk Dili Dergisi, 69(821), 52-59. https://tdk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Ahmet-M.-Karau%C4%9Fuz-_-Cennetten-Kovulan-%C4%B0nsan%C4%B1n-_-8.pdf
  • Kılıç, M. (2021). Hukuksal aklın transhümanistik temsilleri ve onto-robotik varoluş formları. Adalet Dergisi, 66, 15-54. https://adaletdergisi.adalet.gov.tr/arsiv/adaletdergisi/2021/sayi-66.pdf
  • Krishnan, R. H. ve Pugazhenthi, S. (2014). Mobility assistive devices and self-transfer robotic systems for elderly, a review. Intel Serv Robotics, 7, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-013-0142-6
  • Kutsal, Y. G. (2007). Yaşlanan dünyanın yaşlanan insanları. Yaşlılıkta kaliteli yaşam içinde (ss. 5-11). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Geriatrik Bilimler Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi.
  • Lee, R. ve Mason, A. (2006). What is the demographic divinded? Finance and Development, 43(3). www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/basics.htm
  • Lenstra, N., Oguz, F. ve Duvall, C. S. (2020). Library services to an aging population: A nation-wide study in the United States. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 52(3), 738-748. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000619871596
  • Li, R. M., Ladarola, A. C. ve Maisano, C. C. (2007). Why population aging matters: A global perspective. National Institute on Aging, National Institutes on Health.
  • Meyer, A. (2015, 15 – 21 Ağustos). Technology classes for senior citizens: Creating an environment where senior citizens can develop technology skills to actively participate in a strong society [Konferans Sunumu]. IFLA WLIC 2015, Cape Town, South Africa. https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/1176
  • More, M. (2013). The philosophy of transhumanism. M. More ve N. Vita-More (Ed.), The transhumanist reader: Classical and contemporary essays on the science, technology, and philosophy of the human future içinde (ss. 3-17). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • National Institute on Aging. (2020). The National Institute on Aging: Strategic directions for research, 2020-2025. https://www.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/nia-strategic-directions-2020-2025.pdf
  • Oldenborg, R. (1989). The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops, community centers, beauty parlors, general stores, bars, hangouts, and how they get you through the day. Paragon House.
  • Oldenborg, R. (1999). The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops, community centers, beauty parlors, general stores, bars, hangouts, and how they get you through the day (3 bs.). Marlowe & Company.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2022). Elderly population (indicator). https://data.oecd.org/pop/elderly-population.htm
  • Ostberg, R. (2022, 3 Kasım). Transhumanism: Social and philosophical movement. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/transhumanism
  • Pelizäus-Hoffmeister, H. (2016). Motives of the elderly for the use of technology in their daily lives. E. Domínguez-Rué ve L. Nierling (Ed.), Ageing and technology: Perspectives from the social sciences içinde (ss. 27-46). Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH.
  • Public Library Association. (2020). Public library technology survey summary report. Public Library Association Communications and Marketing Office.
  • Rinne, N. (2014, 19-20 Mart). Big data, big libraries, big problems?: The 2014 lib-tech anti-talk [Konferans Sunumu]. Library Technology Conference, Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota. http://eprints.rclis. org/22750/1/LTC%202014%20final2.pdf
  • Sand, M. ve Jongsma, K. (2016). Towards an ageless society: Assessing a transhumanist programme. E. Domínguez-Rué ve L. Nierling (Ed.), Ageing and technology: Perspectives from the social sciences içinde (ss. 291-310). Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH.
  • Shiraishi, I. M. (2009). Japan: State of active ageing. M. Cabrera ve N. Malanowski (Ed.), Information and communication technologies for active ageing: Opportunities and challenges for the European Union içinde (ss. 91-104). IOS Press.
  • Sloan, M. ve Vincent, J. (2009). Library services for older people – good practice guide. The Network.
  • Statista. (2022). Countries with the largest percentage of total population over 65 years 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264729/countries-with-the-largest-percentage-of-total-population-over-65-years/
  • Tosato, M., Zamboni, V., Ferrini, A. ve Cesari, M. (2007). The aging process and potential interventions to extend life expectancy. Clin Interv Aging, 2(2), 401-412. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2685272/
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023, 17 Mart). İstatistiklerle yaşlılar, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667
  • United Nations. (2012). Ageing in the twenty-first century: A celebration and a challenge. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
  • United Nations. (2019). Global issues: Aging. https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing
  • United Nations. (2020). World population ageing 2020 highlights: Living arrangements of older persons. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
  • United Nations. (2022). World population prospects 2022: Summary of results. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
  • van Arnhem, J-P., Elliott, C. ve Rose, M. (2018). AR U Ready for AR/VR? An overview of augmented and virtual reality in libraries. J-P. van Arnhem, M. Rose ve C. Elliott (Ed.), Augmented and virtual reality in libraries içinde (ss. 3-30). Rowman and Littlefield (American Library Association).
  • Vij, R. (2018). Role of libraries in access of information and freedom of expression-challenges and prospects. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 8(12), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2018.00069.1
  • Widmer-Iliescu, R. (2022, 17 Mayıs). Digital technologies can help older persons maintain healthy, productive lives. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/digital-technologies-can-help-olderpersons-maintain-healthy-productive-lives
  • Wojcik, M. (2021). Augmented intelligence technology. The ethical and practical problems of its implementation in libraries. Library Hi Tech, 39(2), 435-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-02-2020-0043
  • Wojcik, M. (2023). Areas and contexts of the use of robotics in libraries: An overview of the applied solutions and a discussion of prospects. Library Hi Tech. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-10-2022-0487
  • World Bank. (2021). World Bank support to aging countries: An independent evaluation. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
  • World Health Organization. (2002). Active ageing: A policy framework. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/67215
  • World Health Organization. (2017). Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241513500
  • World Health Organization. (2020). UN decade of healthy ageing: 2021-2030. https://www.who.int/initiatives/decade-of-healthy-ageing
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Avrupa’da yaș dostu çevreler olușturmak: Politika yapıcılar ve planlamacılar için bir araç. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/349479/WHO-EURO-2021-4153-43912-61850-tur.pdf
  • Woźniak, Z. (2020). Older adults – terra incognita? M. Łuszczyńska (Ed.), Researching ageing: Methodological challenges and their empirical background içinde (ss. 15-28). Routledge.
  • Yoon, J., Andrews, J. E. ve Ward, H. L. (2022). Perceptions on adopting artificial intelligence and related technologies in libraries: Public and academic librarians in North America. Library Hi Tech, 40(6), 1893- 1915. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2021-0229
  • Zaidi, A. (2021). Active aging and active aging index. D. Gu ve M. E. Dupre (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology and population aging içinde (ss. 32-36). Springer.
  • Zeisel, W. (2006). Design for change: Libraries and productive aging / Report on the National Library Leaders Forum. Americans for Libraries Council.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kütüphane ve Bilgi Çalışmaları
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Halise Şerefoğlu Henkoğlu 0000-0001-6314-5547

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 14 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şerefoğlu Henkoğlu, H. (2023). Transhümanizm ve Dijital Dünyada Yaşlanma: Kütüphanelerin Aktif Yaşlanmadaki Rolü. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 37(4), 243-266. https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.1299190

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