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An Assessment of the Emergence of the Anzac Acronym and the Protection of the Word “Anzac” Regulations in Australia

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 13, 41 - 68, 01.08.2023

Orhan Özcan

Öz

On the side of Great Britain, the Australian and New Zealand troops, which joined the war with the Allies, made a military landing in Arıburnu Bay on April 25, 1915. The concept of Anzac emerged by distinguishing the geographical location of the Australian and New Zealand soldiers and the position occupied by the Great British troops on the map and shortening the long Australian and New Zealand Army Corps name in correspondence.
In the study, while discussing how the origin of the Anzac abbreviation, which has become the center of Australian national identity and military history, emerged, the laws and regulations to protect the word Anzac that were put into effect in post-war Australia were investigated. The study was created by following the order of literature review, classification, analysis, criticism, and synthesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Australia, Gallipoli War, Anzac Acronym, Anzac Cove, The Protection of Word "Anzac" Regulation.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Government Department of Veterans Affairs, “Use of the Word Anzac Guidelines”, October 2020, https://www.dva.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/about%20dva/recognition/guidelines-use-of-the-word-anzac.pdf (E.T.: 21.01.2023).
  • ANDREWS, Michael, World War I: The Australian Experience, Trocadero Publishing, 2011.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Anzac Book, Cassel, Sydney, 1916.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Story of Anzac: The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Vol. 1, Angus&Robertson, Sydney, 1936.
  • BEAUMONT, Joan, “The Anzac Legend”, Joan Beaumont (ed.), Australia’s War: 1914-1918, Allen&Unwin, Sydney, 2013.
  • CAMERON, David W., 25 April 1915 The Day The Anzac Legend Was Born, Al-len&Unwin, NSW, 2007.
  • CHAMBERS, Stephen, Arıburnu Çıkarma, Çev.: İsmail Hakkı Yılmaz, Türkiye İş Banka-sı Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • CLARK, Chris Coulthard, The Encyclopaedia of Australia’s Battles, Allen&Unwin, NSW, 2001.
  • CORCORAN, Robert, Jackie Dickenson, A Dictionary of Australian Politics, Al-len&Unwin, 2010.
  • DOCHERTY, James C., Historical Dictionary of Australia, The Scarecrow Press, Mary-land US, Toronto CA, Plymouth UK, Third Edition, 2007.
  • FEWSTER, Kevin, “Ellis Ashmead Bartlett and the making of the Anzac Legend”, Journal of Australian Studies, 6:10, 17-30, s.2, DOI: 10.1080/14443058209386844.
  • FLEMING, Robert, The Australian Army in World War I, Osprey Publishing, Editor: Martin Windrow.
  • Gelibolu Tarihi Alanı, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2006, s.231, https://catab.kulturturizm.gov.tr (E.T.:24.01.2023).
  • GREY, Jeffrey, A Military History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • HALL, C. Michael, “Anzac Day and Secular Pilgrimage”, Tourism Recreation Research, Vol.27, 2, 2002.
  • INGLIS, Ken, “Men, Women, and War Memorials: Anzac Australia”, Daedalus, Fall 1987, Vol.116, No.4, Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power (Fall, 1987), pp.35-59.
  • INGLIS K. S., “The Australians at Gallipoli-1”, Historical Studies, Vol. 14, No. 54, April 1970.
  • JAMES, Robert Rhodes, Gallipoli, Pimlico, London, 1999.
  • KELLY, Paul, 100 Years: The Australia Story, Allen&Unwin, NSW, 2001.
  • KENT, D.A., “The Anzac Book and the Anzac Legend: C.E.W. Bean as Editor and Image–Maker”, Historical Studies, Vol. 21, No. 84, April 1985, pp.376-390.
  • KOÇ, İ. Ceyhan, “Çanakkale Gerçeği”, Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, Cilt: 4, Sayı:4, 2006, ss.278-281.
  • LAFFIN, John, The Australian Army at War 1899-1975, Editor: Martin Windrow, Osp-rey Publishing, London, 1982.
  • MACINNIS, Peter, The Big Book of Australian History, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2013.
  • MACLEOD, Jenny, “The Greatest War Correspondent of the Twentieth Century’: Ellis Ashmead Bartlett and The Daily Telegraph”, https://www.gale.com/intl/essays/jenny-macleod-ellis-ashmead-bartlett-daily-telegraph (E.T.:26.02.2023).
  • MACLEOD, Jenny, Gelibolu’nun Öteki Yüzü, Türkçesi: Sinem Hocaoğlu, Güncel Yayın-cılık, İstanbul, 2005.
  • MANNE, Robert, “The War Myth that Made Us”, The Age, 25.04.2007, https://theage.com.au/opinion/the-war- myth-that-made-us-20070425-ge4qmh.html (E.T.:01.12.2021).
  • MAYER, S.L., J.M. Roberts, Vladimir Dedijer, vd., Birinci Dünya Savaşı Ansiklopedisi 1, Türkçesi: Uğur Üçüncü, Yener Yayınları, İstanbul, 1976.
  • MACINTRY, Stuart, A Concise History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  • MERRIMAN, John, Jay Winter (Editors), Europe 1789-1914 Encyclopaedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, Vol. I Thomson Gale, New York-USA, 2006.
  • MORAN, Anthony, Australia: Nation, Belonging, and Globalization, Routledge, New York, London, 2005.
  • PALAZZO, Albert, The Australian Army: A History of its Organization 1901-2001, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • RICKARD, John, Australia: A Cultural History, Monash University Press, Victoria, 2017.
  • SEAL, Graham, “Anzac”, 8 January 2017, International Encyclopedia of the First World War,
  • https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/anzac_australia (E.T.:12.12.2022).
  • SEAL, Graham, “Anzac: The Sacred in the Secular”, Journal of Australian Studies, 2007, 31:91.
  • SÜRMELİ, Serpil, “İngiliz Savaş Muhabiri Ellis Ashmead Barlett’in Gözüyle Çanakkale Seferi Başarısızlığı ve Gelibolu’da Sıradışı Mücadelesi”, Atatürk Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı:1, 2006, ss.81-100.
  • STOCKINGS, Craig, “The Anzac Legend and the Battle of Bardia”, War in History, Vol.17, No.1, January 2010. OGLANDER, C.F. Aspinall, History of the Great War: Military Operations Gallipoli, Cilt 1, Heinemann Ltd, London, 1929.
  • WELSH, Frank, Great Southern Land: A New History of Australia, Allen Lane, New York, 2004.
  • WEST, Barbara A., Frances T. Murphey, A Brief History of Australia, Facts on File, New York, 2010.
  • “Anzac Day 25 April”, https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/commemoraiton/key-dates-australia (E.T.:03.12.2021).
  • “Anzac Spirit”, “The Word Anzac”, https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/spirit (E.T.:17.09.2021).
  • “Australian War Memorial”, “Anzac Acronym”,
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/acronym(E.T.:16.09.2021).
  • “Australian War Memorial”, “Origins of the Acronym Anzac”,
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/acronym/origin (E.T.:17.09.2021).
  • “Protecting the Word Anzac”, https://www.dva.gov.au/recognition/commemorating-all-who- served/protecting-word-anzac (E.T.: 02.02.2023).
  • “The Anzac Day Tradition”, https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/traditions (E.T.:02.12.2021).
  • “Timeline of Australians and the Gallipoli Campaign”, https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/wars-and-missions/ww1/where-australians-served/gaş+llipoli/timeline (E.T.:6.12.2021).
  • “New Zealand History”, The Anzacs, “Anzac Day”, https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/war/anzac-day/the-anzacs (E.T.: 16.09.2021).
  • “War Precautions”, https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1914A00010 (E.T.:09.12.2021).
  • Türkçe Sözlük, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2009.
  • Longman Dictionary Contemporary English, International Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2004.

Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 13, 41 - 68, 01.08.2023

Orhan Özcan

Öz

Büyük Britanya’nın yanında İtilaf devletleriyle birlikte savaşa katılan Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda birlikleri, Arıburnu Koyu’na 25 Nisan 1915’te askerî bir çıkarma yapmıştır. Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda askerlerinin bulunduğu coğrafi konumla Büyük Britanya birliklerinin işgal ettiği pozisyonu harita üzerinde birbirinden ayırt etmek ve uzun olan Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda Kolordusunun ismini yazışmalarda kısaltılmasıyla Anzak kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır.
Çalışmada Avustralya ulusal kimliği ve askerî tarihinin merkezi haline gelmiş olan Anzak kısaltmasının kökeninin nasıl ortaya çıktığını ele alınırken savaş sonrası Avustralya’da yürürlüğe konulmuş Anzak kelimesini koruma kanun ve yönetmeliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, kaynak taraması, sınıflandırma, çözümleme, tenkit ve sentez sırası izlenerek oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avustralya, Çanakkale Savaşı, Anzak Kısaltması, Anzak Koyu, Anzak Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Government Department of Veterans Affairs, “Use of the Word Anzac Guidelines”, October 2020, https://www.dva.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/about%20dva/recognition/guidelines-use-of-the-word-anzac.pdf (E.T.: 21.01.2023).
  • ANDREWS, Michael, World War I: The Australian Experience, Trocadero Publishing, 2011.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Anzac Book, Cassel, Sydney, 1916.
  • BEAN, C.E.W., The Story of Anzac: The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Vol. 1, Angus&Robertson, Sydney, 1936.
  • BEAUMONT, Joan, “The Anzac Legend”, Joan Beaumont (ed.), Australia’s War: 1914-1918, Allen&Unwin, Sydney, 2013.
  • CAMERON, David W., 25 April 1915 The Day The Anzac Legend Was Born, Al-len&Unwin, NSW, 2007.
  • CHAMBERS, Stephen, Arıburnu Çıkarma, Çev.: İsmail Hakkı Yılmaz, Türkiye İş Banka-sı Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2012.
  • CLARK, Chris Coulthard, The Encyclopaedia of Australia’s Battles, Allen&Unwin, NSW, 2001.
  • CORCORAN, Robert, Jackie Dickenson, A Dictionary of Australian Politics, Al-len&Unwin, 2010.
  • DOCHERTY, James C., Historical Dictionary of Australia, The Scarecrow Press, Mary-land US, Toronto CA, Plymouth UK, Third Edition, 2007.
  • FEWSTER, Kevin, “Ellis Ashmead Bartlett and the making of the Anzac Legend”, Journal of Australian Studies, 6:10, 17-30, s.2, DOI: 10.1080/14443058209386844.
  • FLEMING, Robert, The Australian Army in World War I, Osprey Publishing, Editor: Martin Windrow.
  • Gelibolu Tarihi Alanı, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Çanakkale Savaşları Gelibolu Tarihi Alan Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2006, s.231, https://catab.kulturturizm.gov.tr (E.T.:24.01.2023).
  • GREY, Jeffrey, A Military History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • HALL, C. Michael, “Anzac Day and Secular Pilgrimage”, Tourism Recreation Research, Vol.27, 2, 2002.
  • INGLIS, Ken, “Men, Women, and War Memorials: Anzac Australia”, Daedalus, Fall 1987, Vol.116, No.4, Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power (Fall, 1987), pp.35-59.
  • INGLIS K. S., “The Australians at Gallipoli-1”, Historical Studies, Vol. 14, No. 54, April 1970.
  • JAMES, Robert Rhodes, Gallipoli, Pimlico, London, 1999.
  • KELLY, Paul, 100 Years: The Australia Story, Allen&Unwin, NSW, 2001.
  • KENT, D.A., “The Anzac Book and the Anzac Legend: C.E.W. Bean as Editor and Image–Maker”, Historical Studies, Vol. 21, No. 84, April 1985, pp.376-390.
  • KOÇ, İ. Ceyhan, “Çanakkale Gerçeği”, Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, Cilt: 4, Sayı:4, 2006, ss.278-281.
  • LAFFIN, John, The Australian Army at War 1899-1975, Editor: Martin Windrow, Osp-rey Publishing, London, 1982.
  • MACINNIS, Peter, The Big Book of Australian History, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2013.
  • MACLEOD, Jenny, “The Greatest War Correspondent of the Twentieth Century’: Ellis Ashmead Bartlett and The Daily Telegraph”, https://www.gale.com/intl/essays/jenny-macleod-ellis-ashmead-bartlett-daily-telegraph (E.T.:26.02.2023).
  • MACLEOD, Jenny, Gelibolu’nun Öteki Yüzü, Türkçesi: Sinem Hocaoğlu, Güncel Yayın-cılık, İstanbul, 2005.
  • MANNE, Robert, “The War Myth that Made Us”, The Age, 25.04.2007, https://theage.com.au/opinion/the-war- myth-that-made-us-20070425-ge4qmh.html (E.T.:01.12.2021).
  • MAYER, S.L., J.M. Roberts, Vladimir Dedijer, vd., Birinci Dünya Savaşı Ansiklopedisi 1, Türkçesi: Uğur Üçüncü, Yener Yayınları, İstanbul, 1976.
  • MACINTRY, Stuart, A Concise History of Australia, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  • MERRIMAN, John, Jay Winter (Editors), Europe 1789-1914 Encyclopaedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, Vol. I Thomson Gale, New York-USA, 2006.
  • MORAN, Anthony, Australia: Nation, Belonging, and Globalization, Routledge, New York, London, 2005.
  • PALAZZO, Albert, The Australian Army: A History of its Organization 1901-2001, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • RICKARD, John, Australia: A Cultural History, Monash University Press, Victoria, 2017.
  • SEAL, Graham, “Anzac”, 8 January 2017, International Encyclopedia of the First World War,
  • https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/anzac_australia (E.T.:12.12.2022).
  • SEAL, Graham, “Anzac: The Sacred in the Secular”, Journal of Australian Studies, 2007, 31:91.
  • SÜRMELİ, Serpil, “İngiliz Savaş Muhabiri Ellis Ashmead Barlett’in Gözüyle Çanakkale Seferi Başarısızlığı ve Gelibolu’da Sıradışı Mücadelesi”, Atatürk Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı:1, 2006, ss.81-100.
  • STOCKINGS, Craig, “The Anzac Legend and the Battle of Bardia”, War in History, Vol.17, No.1, January 2010. OGLANDER, C.F. Aspinall, History of the Great War: Military Operations Gallipoli, Cilt 1, Heinemann Ltd, London, 1929.
  • WELSH, Frank, Great Southern Land: A New History of Australia, Allen Lane, New York, 2004.
  • WEST, Barbara A., Frances T. Murphey, A Brief History of Australia, Facts on File, New York, 2010.
  • “Anzac Day 25 April”, https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/commemoraiton/key-dates-australia (E.T.:03.12.2021).
  • “Anzac Spirit”, “The Word Anzac”, https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/spirit (E.T.:17.09.2021).
  • “Australian War Memorial”, “Anzac Acronym”,
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/acronym(E.T.:16.09.2021).
  • “Australian War Memorial”, “Origins of the Acronym Anzac”,
  • https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/acronym/origin (E.T.:17.09.2021).
  • “Protecting the Word Anzac”, https://www.dva.gov.au/recognition/commemorating-all-who- served/protecting-word-anzac (E.T.: 02.02.2023).
  • “The Anzac Day Tradition”, https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/traditions (E.T.:02.12.2021).
  • “Timeline of Australians and the Gallipoli Campaign”, https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/wars-and-missions/ww1/where-australians-served/gaş+llipoli/timeline (E.T.:6.12.2021).
  • “New Zealand History”, The Anzacs, “Anzac Day”, https://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/war/anzac-day/the-anzacs (E.T.: 16.09.2021).
  • “War Precautions”, https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1914A00010 (E.T.:09.12.2021).
  • Türkçe Sözlük, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2009.
  • Longman Dictionary Contemporary English, International Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2004.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Orhan Özcan 0000-0002-0398-7184

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan, O. (2023). Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği. Tarih Ve Günce(13), 41-68.
AMA Özcan O. Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği. Tarih ve Günce. Ağustos 2023;(13):41-68.
Chicago Özcan, Orhan. “Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme Ve Avustralya’da ‘ANZAK’ Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği”. Tarih Ve Günce, sy. 13 (Ağustos 2023): 41-68.
EndNote Özcan O (01 Ağustos 2023) Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği. Tarih ve Günce 13 41–68.
IEEE O. Özcan, “Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da ‘ANZAK’ Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği”, Tarih ve Günce, sy. 13, ss. 41–68, Ağustos 2023.
ISNAD Özcan, Orhan. “Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme Ve Avustralya’da ‘ANZAK’ Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği”. Tarih ve Günce 13 (Ağustos 2023), 41-68.
JAMA Özcan O. Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği. Tarih ve Günce. 2023;:41–68.
MLA Özcan, Orhan. “Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme Ve Avustralya’da ‘ANZAK’ Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği”. Tarih Ve Günce, sy. 13, 2023, ss. 41-68.
Vancouver Özcan O. Anzak Akroniminin Ortaya Çıkışına Dair Bir Değerlendirme ve Avustralya’da “ANZAK” Kelimesini Koruma Yönetmeliği. Tarih ve Günce. 2023(13):41-68.

Yayının Türü: Uluslararası Akademik Hakemli-Altı Ayda Bir Yayınlanır