Öz
Kaynakça
- Adams, C. J. (2010). The Sexual Politics of Meat (20th Anniversary Edition): A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Adams, C. J., and Donovan, J. (1995). Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
- Birke, L. (1995). Exploring the Boundaries: Feminism, Animals, and Science. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan, Duke University Press, pp. 49-77.
- Braham, K., and Eric, L. (2022). Promethean Ethics and Nineteenth-Century Ecologies. Literature Compass, 19(11): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12689.
- Diamond, I. and Orenstein, G. F. (1990). Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. Edited by Gloria Orenstein, Sierra: Club Books.
- Doggett, T. (2018). Moral Vegetarianism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vegetarianism/. Accessed 9 July 2023.
- Donovan, J. (1990). Animal Rights and Feminist Theory. Signs, 15(2)2: 350-75. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174490.
- Du Bois, W. E. B. (1917). Of the Culture of White Folk. The Journal of Race Development, 7(4): 434-47. https://doi.org/10.2307/29738213.
- Fuller, M. (2016). Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845) by Margaret Fuller. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Gaard, G. (1993). Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- Gaard, G. (2002). “Vegetarian Ecofeminism: A Review Essay.” Frontiers A Journal of Women Studies, 23(3): 117-146. 10.1353/fro.2003.0006.
- Gilman, C. P. (2017). Herland (1915). By: Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Herland Is a Utopian Novel from 1915, Written by Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Gruen, L. (2011). Ethics and Animals: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Kant, I. (1963). Lectures on Ethics. Translated by Louis Infield, New York: Harper & Row.
- Kordecki, L. (2002). Animal Studies and Ecofeminist Literature-The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group: 282-90.
- Le Guin, U. K. (1990). Buffalo Gals and Other Animal Presences. New York: ROC.
- Leland, S. and Léonie C. (1983). Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth, edited by Stephanie Leland, Women's Press.
- Mickey, S. (2019). Editor's Preface. Literature and Ecofeminism: Intersectional and International Voices, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch and Sam Mickey, Routledge: xvii-xx.
- Mill, J. S. (1979). Utilitarianism. Indianapolis: Hackett.
- Nussbaum, M. C. (2004). Beyond “Compassion and Humanity”: Justice for Nonhuman Animals., edited by C. R. Sunstein & M. C. Nussbaum, Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. OUP: pp. 299-320
- Nussbaum , M. C. (2004). Beyond ‘Compassion and Humanity? Justice for Nonhuman Animals. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions: 299-320.
- Quinn, E. (2021). Reading Veganism: The Monstrous Vegan, 1818 to Present (Oxford English Monographs), UK: Oxford University Press.
- Regan, Tom. 1983. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California.
- Ritson, J. (2017). An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food: As a Moral Duty. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
- Rokeya, B. (1988). Sultana's Dream. Edited by Roushan Jahan, translated by Roushan Jahan, The Feminist Press.
- Scholtmeijer, M. (1995). The Power of Otherness: Animals in Women’s Fiction. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan, Duke University Press: 306-343.
- Shelley, M. W. (2008). Frankenstein: Or The Modern Prometheus. Edited by M. K. Joseph, UK: OUP Oxford.
- Shelley, P. B. (1965). The Complete Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. vol. 6 The Complete Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, vol. 6. Edited by Roger Ingpen and Walter E. Peck, New York: Gordion.
- Shelley, P. B. (1992). The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley: From the Original Editions. Volume I. Edited by Richard Herne Shepperd, London: Piccadilly.
- Singer, P. (1976). Animal Liberation. London: Jonathan Cape.
Öz
From 1818 to the present day, over 200 years, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has been the source of inspiration for a myriad of works ranging from scholarly articles and books to films and cartoons. Receiving a great amount of attention from many critics from various fields, the novel has been analyzed in detail by considering different perspectives and theories. However, the theme of vegetarianism and its relation to feminism has nearly remained untouched. The main reason for this drawback is that the link between vegetarianism and feminism, which bases its argument on the theories of ecofeminism that emerged in the early 1980s, is still little known and researched. For vegetarian ecofeminists, all forms of oppression are formed and spread through the dictations of phallocentric systems arrogating the hierarchical binaries. Within this dualistic logic perpetuating and organizing all dichotomous couples, not just women but nature, and animals are also exposed to violence and humiliation. Looking through feminist-vegetarian perspectives, the starting point of this established hegemony is the mistreatment imposed on ‘nonhu(man)’ animals, whereby this speciesism leads to many other forms of oppression and violence for the passivized others. Therefore, considering these current issues and analyzing Frankenstein within the framework of vegetarian ecofeminism, the principal contention of this study is to prove that women’s getting rid of oppression, injustice and humiliation is closely related to realizing and ending the inhumane treatment against animals and nature. Only then it will be viable to ensure welcoming ties between the experiences of vegetarians and ecofeminists and to establish an all-encompassing structure for all living creatures.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Frankenstein vegetarian ecofeminism dualistic logic all-encompassing hybridity
Kaynakça
- Adams, C. J. (2010). The Sexual Politics of Meat (20th Anniversary Edition): A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Adams, C. J., and Donovan, J. (1995). Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
- Birke, L. (1995). Exploring the Boundaries: Feminism, Animals, and Science. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan, Duke University Press, pp. 49-77.
- Braham, K., and Eric, L. (2022). Promethean Ethics and Nineteenth-Century Ecologies. Literature Compass, 19(11): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12689.
- Diamond, I. and Orenstein, G. F. (1990). Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. Edited by Gloria Orenstein, Sierra: Club Books.
- Doggett, T. (2018). Moral Vegetarianism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/vegetarianism/. Accessed 9 July 2023.
- Donovan, J. (1990). Animal Rights and Feminist Theory. Signs, 15(2)2: 350-75. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174490.
- Du Bois, W. E. B. (1917). Of the Culture of White Folk. The Journal of Race Development, 7(4): 434-47. https://doi.org/10.2307/29738213.
- Fuller, M. (2016). Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845) by Margaret Fuller. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Gaard, G. (1993). Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
- Gaard, G. (2002). “Vegetarian Ecofeminism: A Review Essay.” Frontiers A Journal of Women Studies, 23(3): 117-146. 10.1353/fro.2003.0006.
- Gilman, C. P. (2017). Herland (1915). By: Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Herland Is a Utopian Novel from 1915, Written by Feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
- Gruen, L. (2011). Ethics and Animals: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Kant, I. (1963). Lectures on Ethics. Translated by Louis Infield, New York: Harper & Row.
- Kordecki, L. (2002). Animal Studies and Ecofeminist Literature-The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group: 282-90.
- Le Guin, U. K. (1990). Buffalo Gals and Other Animal Presences. New York: ROC.
- Leland, S. and Léonie C. (1983). Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth, edited by Stephanie Leland, Women's Press.
- Mickey, S. (2019). Editor's Preface. Literature and Ecofeminism: Intersectional and International Voices, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch and Sam Mickey, Routledge: xvii-xx.
- Mill, J. S. (1979). Utilitarianism. Indianapolis: Hackett.
- Nussbaum, M. C. (2004). Beyond “Compassion and Humanity”: Justice for Nonhuman Animals., edited by C. R. Sunstein & M. C. Nussbaum, Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. OUP: pp. 299-320
- Nussbaum , M. C. (2004). Beyond ‘Compassion and Humanity? Justice for Nonhuman Animals. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions: 299-320.
- Quinn, E. (2021). Reading Veganism: The Monstrous Vegan, 1818 to Present (Oxford English Monographs), UK: Oxford University Press.
- Regan, Tom. 1983. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California.
- Ritson, J. (2017). An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food: As a Moral Duty. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
- Rokeya, B. (1988). Sultana's Dream. Edited by Roushan Jahan, translated by Roushan Jahan, The Feminist Press.
- Scholtmeijer, M. (1995). The Power of Otherness: Animals in Women’s Fiction. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, edited by Carol J. Adams and Josephine Donovan, Duke University Press: 306-343.
- Shelley, M. W. (2008). Frankenstein: Or The Modern Prometheus. Edited by M. K. Joseph, UK: OUP Oxford.
- Shelley, P. B. (1965). The Complete Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. vol. 6 The Complete Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, vol. 6. Edited by Roger Ingpen and Walter E. Peck, New York: Gordion.
- Shelley, P. B. (1992). The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley: From the Original Editions. Volume I. Edited by Richard Herne Shepperd, London: Piccadilly.
- Singer, P. (1976). Animal Liberation. London: Jonathan Cape.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü |
| Bölüm | Dünya dilleri ve edebiyatları |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: Ö13 |
- Makale Dosyaları