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The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge and Comprehension Skills on Retelling Skills: Different Path Analysis Tests

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 56, 372 - 400, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1026827

Öz

Comprehension is the process by which knowledge is acquired through language skills such as listening, reading, and visual reading, using one's mental functions. This process, which has its origins in vocabulary knowledge, turns into a narrative skill when students retell the things they remember orally, in writing, or visually after they read or listen. The aim of this research is to test the role of primary school (4th grade) students’ vocabulary knowledge and comprehension skills on their retelling skills by using different models. The research was carried out in a correlational survey model. The study group consisted of 286 students studying in the fourth grade of primary school. During the data collection process, three illustrated children’s storybooks were used for comprehension and retelling skills. Vocabulary knowledge and listening comprehension skills were treated as independent variables, while the skills of post-listening written, and oral retelling was treated as dependent variables. Different path analysis tests were made by considering vocabulary knowledge in the two dimensions of breadth and depth. According to the research results, firstly, positive and moderately significant relationships were found between the dependent and independent variables. Secondly, the first path model for the independent variables (listening comprehension and depth of vocabulary knowledge) and dependent variables (written and oral retelling) created for fourth-grade primary school students showed acceptable fit values, and the independent variables explained 37% of the variance in the dependent variables. Thirdly, the second path model for the independent variables (listening comprehension and breadth of vocabulary knowledge) and dependent variables (written and oral retelling) created for fourth-grade primary school students showed partially acceptable fit values, and although the independent variables explained 47% of the variance in the dependent variables, the theoretically determined model did not fit the sample data. This is an indication of the difference between the number of words known and how well these words are known and used at the primary school level, which is an important proof of the role of the breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge along with comprehension skills on retelling skills.

Kaynakça

  • Aarnoutse, C., Brand-Gruwel, S. ve Oduber, R. (1997). Improving reading comprehension strategies through listening. Educational Studies, 23(2), 209-227.
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  • Akyol, H. (2020). Programa uygun Türkçe öğretim yöntemleri (10.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Alpar, R. (2011). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler.Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Anderson, R. C.,& Freebody, P. (1981). Vocabulary knowledge. In J. T. Guthrie (Ed.), Comprehension and teaching: Research reviews (pp. 77–117). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • Arizona Department of Education. (2006). AIMS six trait analytic writing rubric official scoring guide. “http://www.ade.state.az.us/SBTL/6traits/Default.asp”.
  • Babayiğit, S. ve Stainthorp, R. (2011). Modeling the relationships between cognitive-linguistic skills and literacy skills: New insights from a transparent orthography. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 169–189.
  • Baker, S., Gersten, R. ve Graham, S. (2003). Teaching expressive writing to students with learning disabilities: Research-based applications and examples. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 109–123.
  • Baş, B. ve Karadağ, Ö . (2012). Söz varlığı üzerine yurt dışında ve Türkiye’de yapılan temel araştırmalar. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 42 (193), 81-105. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/36181/406774.
  • Baumgartner, H. ve Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.
  • Beck, I., Perfetti, C. & McKeown, M. (1982). Effects oflong-term vocabulary instruction on lexical access and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 506–521.
  • Biemiller, A. (2003). Vocabulary: Needed if more children are to read well. Reading Psychology, 24, 323-335.09.10.2017 tarihinde http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/ 10.1080/ 02702710390227297?needAccess=true adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Browne, M. W. ve Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136. Bulut, B. (2013). Etkin dinleme eğitiminin dinlediğini anlama, okuduğunu anlama ve kelime hazinesi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Aydın.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: istatistik, araştırma deseni, spss uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç- Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (18. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with M plus: Basic concepts, applications and programming. New York. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Cain, K. ve Oakhill, J. V. (2007). Children’s comprehension problems in oral and written language: A cognitive perspective. New York: Guilford.
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Center, Y., Freeman, L., Robertson, G. ve Outhred, L. (1999). The effect of visual training on the reading and listening comprehension of low listening comprehenders in year 2. Journal of Research in Reading, 22(2), 241-256.
  • Chapelle, C. A. (1994). Are C-tests valid measures for L2 vocabulary research?. Second Language Research, 10(2), 157-187. Coşkun, E. (2005). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin öyküleyici anlatımlarında bağdaşıklık, tutarlılık ve metin elementleri. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
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  • Ebel, R. L. (1965). Measuring educational achievement. New Jersey: EnglewoodCliffs.
  • Eckhardt, A. G. (2008). Sprache als Barriere für den schulischen Erfolg: Potentielle Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb schulbezogener Sprache für Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund [Language as a barrier for educational success: Potential challenges for children with an immigrant background in acquiring school-related language]. Münster, Germany: Waxmann.
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Kelime Bilgisi ve Anlama Becerilerinin Anlatım Becerilerindeki Rolü: Farklı Yol Analizi Denemeleri

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 56, 372 - 400, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1026827

Öz

Anlama, bireyin zihinsel işlevlerini kullanarak dinleme ve okuma gibi dil becerileri aracılığıyla bilgi edinme sürecidir. Kökeni kelime bilgisine dayanan bu süreç, öğrencilerin dinleme sonrası hatırladıklarını kendi kelimeleri ile ifade ettiklerinde anlatım becerisine dönüşür. Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul öğrencilerinin kelime bilgisi ve anlama becerilerinin anlatım becerileri üzerindeki rolünü farklı modeller aracılığıyla test etmektir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunu ilkokul 4. sınıfta öğrenim gören 286 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Kelime bilgisi ve dinlediğini anlama becerisi bağımlı, dinlediğini yazılı ve sözlü anlatma becerisi bağımsız değişkenler olarak ele alınmıştır. Kelime bilgisi nicelik ve derinlik olarak iki boyutta ele alınarak farklı yol analizi denemeleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasında pozitif ve orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca dinlediğini anlama ve kelime bilgisinin derinliği bağımsız değişkenleri ile oluşturulan birinci yol model kabul edilebilir uyum değerleri göstermiştir ve bağımlı değişkendeki varyansın %37’sini açıklamaktadır. Üçüncü olarak dinlediğini anlama ve kelime bilgisinin niceliği bağımsız değişkenleri ile oluşturulan ikinci yol model kısmen kabul edilebilir uyum değerleri göstermiş ve bağımlı değişkendeki varyansın %47’sini açıklasa da teorik olarak belirlenen model örneklem verisine uymamıştır. Bu durum anlama becerileri ile birlikte kelime bilgisinin niceliği ve derinliğinin anlatım becerileri üzerindeki rolünün önemli bir kanıtı olarak bilinen kelimelerin sayısı ve bu kelimelerin ne kadar iyi bilinerek kullanıldığı ayrımının ilkokul düzeyinde göstergesidir.

Kaynakça

  • Aarnoutse, C., Brand-Gruwel, S. ve Oduber, R. (1997). Improving reading comprehension strategies through listening. Educational Studies, 23(2), 209-227.
  • Aarnoutse, C., Van Den Bos, K.P. ve Brand-Gruwel, S. (1998). Effects of listening comprehension training on listening and reading. The Journal of Special Education, 32(2), 115-126.
  • Akyol, H. (2019). İlk okuma ve yazma öğretimi. (17.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Akyol, H. (2020). Programa uygun Türkçe öğretim yöntemleri (10.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Alpar, R. (2011). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler.Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Anderson, R. C.,& Freebody, P. (1981). Vocabulary knowledge. In J. T. Guthrie (Ed.), Comprehension and teaching: Research reviews (pp. 77–117). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  • Arizona Department of Education. (2006). AIMS six trait analytic writing rubric official scoring guide. “http://www.ade.state.az.us/SBTL/6traits/Default.asp”.
  • Babayiğit, S. ve Stainthorp, R. (2011). Modeling the relationships between cognitive-linguistic skills and literacy skills: New insights from a transparent orthography. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 169–189.
  • Baker, S., Gersten, R. ve Graham, S. (2003). Teaching expressive writing to students with learning disabilities: Research-based applications and examples. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36, 109–123.
  • Baş, B. ve Karadağ, Ö . (2012). Söz varlığı üzerine yurt dışında ve Türkiye’de yapılan temel araştırmalar. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 42 (193), 81-105. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/36181/406774.
  • Baumgartner, H. ve Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.
  • Beck, I., Perfetti, C. & McKeown, M. (1982). Effects oflong-term vocabulary instruction on lexical access and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 506–521.
  • Biemiller, A. (2003). Vocabulary: Needed if more children are to read well. Reading Psychology, 24, 323-335.09.10.2017 tarihinde http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/ 10.1080/ 02702710390227297?needAccess=true adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Browne, M. W. ve Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136. Bulut, B. (2013). Etkin dinleme eğitiminin dinlediğini anlama, okuduğunu anlama ve kelime hazinesi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Aydın.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: istatistik, araştırma deseni, spss uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç- Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (18. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2012). Structural equation modeling with M plus: Basic concepts, applications and programming. New York. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Cain, K. ve Oakhill, J. V. (2007). Children’s comprehension problems in oral and written language: A cognitive perspective. New York: Guilford.
  • Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Center, Y., Freeman, L., Robertson, G. ve Outhred, L. (1999). The effect of visual training on the reading and listening comprehension of low listening comprehenders in year 2. Journal of Research in Reading, 22(2), 241-256.
  • Chapelle, C. A. (1994). Are C-tests valid measures for L2 vocabulary research?. Second Language Research, 10(2), 157-187. Coşkun, E. (2005). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin öyküleyici anlatımlarında bağdaşıklık, tutarlılık ve metin elementleri. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Crocker, L. ve Algina, J. (2006). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. USA: Cengage Learning.
  • Dunsmuir, S., Kyriacou, M., Batuwitage, S., Hinson, E., Ingram, V. ve O'Sullivan, S. (2015). An evaluation of the writing assessment measure (WAM) for children's narrative writing. Assessing Writing, 23, 1-18.
  • Ebel, R. L. (1965). Measuring educational achievement. New Jersey: EnglewoodCliffs.
  • Eckhardt, A. G. (2008). Sprache als Barriere für den schulischen Erfolg: Potentielle Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb schulbezogener Sprache für Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund [Language as a barrier for educational success: Potential challenges for children with an immigrant background in acquiring school-related language]. Münster, Germany: Waxmann.
  • Education Northwest. (2006). 6 + 1 trait writing. “http://www.educationnorthwest.org”
  • Fong, C. Y. C. & Ho, C. S. H. (2017). What are the contributing cognitive-linguistic skills for early Chinese listening comprehension?. Learning and Individual Differences, 59, 78-85.
  • Güneş, F. (2013). Türkçe öğretimi, yaklaşımlar ve modeller. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Hawkins, O. R., Musti-Rao, S., Hale, A. D., Mcguire, S. and Hailley, J. (2010). Examining listening previewing as a classwide strategy to promote reading comprehension and vocabulary. Psychology in the Schools, 47(9), 903-916.
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  • Mazı, A. (2008). Hikâyeler yoluyla düşünmenin ilköğretim 5.sınıf türkçe dersinde okuduğunu ve dinlediğini anlamaya etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Hatay.
  • Mehrpour, S. and Rahimi, M. (2010). The impact of general and specific vocabulary knowledge on reading and listening comprehension: A case of Iranian efl learners. System, 38, 292-300.
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. California: Sage. Morrow, L. M. (1986). Effects of structural guidance in story retelling on children's dictation of original stories. Journal of Reading Behavior, 18(2), 135-152.
  • Morrow, L. M. (1989). Using story retelling to develop comprehension. In K. D. Muth (Ed.), Children's comprehension of text: Research into practice (ss. 37-58). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction ServiceNo.ED304672).
  • Nation, I.S.P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. New York: Newbury House.
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  • Onan, B. (2005). İlköğretim ikinci kademe türkçe öğretiminde dil yapılarının anlama becerilerini (okuma/dinleme) geliştirmedeki rolü. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Orhunbilge, N. (2017). Uygulamalı regresyon ve korelasyon analizi. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Özbay, M. (2005). Bir Dil Becerisi Olarak Dinleme Eğitimi. Ankara: Akçağ.
  • Özkara, Y. (2007). 6+1 Analitik yazma ve değerlendirme modelinin 5.sınıf öğrencilerinin hikaye edici metin yazma becerilerini geliştirmeye etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Pflaum, S. W. (1980). The predictability of oral reading behaviors on comprehension in learning disabled and normal readers. Journal of Reading Behavior, 12, 231–236.
  • Qian, D. D. (1999). Assessing the roles of depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in reading comprehension. Canadian Modern Language Review, 56, 282–307.
  • Qian, D. D. (2000). Validating the role of depth of vocabulary knowledge in assessing reading for basic comprehension [TOEFL 2000 Research Report]. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
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  • Quinn, J. M., Wagner, R. K., Petscher, Y. & Lopez, D. (2015). Developmental relations between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension: A latent change score modeling study. Child Development, 86 (1), 159-175.
  • Rasinski, T. V. (1990). Effects of repeated reading and listening-while-reading on reading fluency. The Journal of Educational Research, 83(3), 147-150.
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  • Schisler, R. A. (2008). Comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of oral and written retellings as strategies for improving reading comprehension performance. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University.
  • Schisler, R., Joseph, L. M., Konrad, M. ve Alber‐Morgan, S. (2010). Comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of oral and written retellings and passage review as strategies for comprehending text. Psychology in the Schools, 47(2), 135-152. Schmitt, N. (2014). Size and depth of vocabulary knowledge: What the research shows. Language learning, 64(4), 913-951. Shen, Z. (2008). The roles of depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge in EFL reading performance. Asian Social Science, 4(12), 135-137.
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  • Ulusoy, M. (2017). İlkokul öğrencilerinin resimli çocuk kitaplarını sözlü olarak anlatma becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (AEÜSBED), 3(1), 29-43.
  • Vermeer, A. (2001). Breadth and depth of vocabulary in relation to L1/L2 acquisition and frequency of input. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 217–234.
  • Vidal, K. (2011). A Comparison of the Effects of Reading and Listening on Incidental Vocabulary Acquistion. Language Learning, 61(1), 219-258.
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  • Wise, J. C., Sevcik, R. A., Morris, R. D., Lovett, M. W. ve Wolf, M. (2007).The relationship among receptive and expressive vocabulary, listening comprehension, pre-reading skills, word identification skills, and reading comprehension by children with reading disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50(4), 1093-1109.
  • Wolvin, A. D.,& Coakley, C. G. (1991). A survey of the status of listening training in some Fortune 500 corporations. Communication Education, 40(2), 152-164.
  • Yekeler Gökmen, A. D. (2020). Dinleme motivasyonu ile dinlediğini anlama ve anlatma becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi.Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Yıldız, M. (2019). Kelime hazinesi ve anlama becerilerinin geliştirilmesi. H. Akyol & A. Şahin (Ed.), Türkçe Öğretimi içinde (ss.129- 181). Ankara: Pegem.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Dilek Yekeler Gökmen 0000-0003-1878-5494

Mustafa Ulusoy 0000-0002-5914-299X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 20 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

APA Yekeler Gökmen, A. D., & Ulusoy, M. (2022). Kelime Bilgisi ve Anlama Becerilerinin Anlatım Becerilerindeki Rolü: Farklı Yol Analizi Denemeleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(56), 372-400. https://doi.org/10.9779/pauefd.1026827