Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 535 - 550, 08.01.2017
Öz
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive illicit drug. Cocaine abuse and addiction continue to increase in the world. Most analytical tests for the detection of cocaine use include the analysis of the metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in the urine. Benzoylecgonine is a major urinary metabolite of cocaine. Generally, the most common biologic matrices used for the analysis of cocaine contain the urine and blood however saliva was also added as a matrix in this study. Practical, quick, reliable, precise and accurate, reproducible analytical methods have been developed and validated for cocaine and benzoylecgonine. In addition, this chromatographic techniques were used as both initial test and confirmatory. The validated chromatographic method was successfully applied to the analysis of cocaine and benzoylecgonine compounds in synthetic biological matrix. Confirmation analyses were made by LC-MS/MS to support reliability of HPLC results. As a result of this study, it can be claimed that HPLC could be a good alternative for the analyses of various biological matrices in forensic studies. Also the matrices and concentrations were determined by HPLC instrument could be used where necessary.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- REFERENCES
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), Drug Facts,2013, Cocaine, www.drugabuse.gov
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), Research Report Series, 2013, Cocaine, www.drugabuse.gov
- Guler E., Bozokalfa G., Demir B., Gumus ZP., Guler B., Aldemir E., Timur S., Coskunol H., ‘An Aptamer Folding based Sensory Platform’ Decorated with Nanoparticles for Simple Cocaine Testing, Drug Testing and Analysis 2016 Jun, doi: 10.1002/dta.1992
- Donald G. Barceloux Robert B. Palmer (Editor), Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse, Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants, 2012, Wiley, 805-885 p. ISBN: 978-0-471-72760-6
- Mackey-Bojack S., Kioss J., Apple F. Cocaine, cocaine metabolite, and ethanol concentrations in postmortem blood and vitreous humor. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000 Jan/Feb, 24, 59-65. http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/1/59.long
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report. United Nations, New York, 2015. https://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2015/World_Drug_Report_2015.pdf
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. European drug report 2014: Trends and developments. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2014. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/963/TDAT14001ENN.pdf
- Kolbrich EA., Barnes AJ., Gorelick DA., Boyd SJ., Cone EJ., and Huesfis MA.. Major and Minor Metabolites of Cocaine in Human Plasma following Controlled Subcutaneous Cocaine Administration, J. Anal. Toxicol, 2006 Oct, 30, 501-510. http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/8/501.long
- Cone EJ , Tsadik A , Oyler J , Darwin WD . Cocaine metabolism and urinary excretion after different routes of administration. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1998 Oct; 20(5), 556 – 560
- Bozokalfa, G, Akbulut, H; Demir, B, Guler, E, Gumus, ZP, Odaci Demirkol, D, Aldemir, E, Yamada, S, Endo, T, Coskunol, H, Timur, S, Yagci, Y. A polypeptide functional surface for the aptamer immobilization: Electrochemical cocaine bio-sensing, Analytical Chemistry, 2016 Mar, 88(7), 4161–4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00760
- Hiemke C., Baumann P., Bergemann N., Conca A., Dietmaier O., Egberts K.,… et al. The AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011, Pharmacopsychiatry, 2011, 44 (06), 195-235. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286287
- Urine drug testing in the management of chronic pain https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/files/UrineDrugTesting.pdf.
- Gourlay DL Heit HA. Caplan, YH. Urine Drug Testing in Clinical Practice. 2010, 1-24. http://www.pharmacomgroup.com/udt/udt5.pdf
- Analytes and Their Cutoffs, 2010, http://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/workplace/2010GuidelinesAnalytesCutoffs.pdf
- Wilsenach, JA.; Schuurbiers, CAH.; Van Loosdrecht, MCM. Phosphate and Potassium Recovery from Source Seperated Urine through Struvite Preparation. Water Research. 2007, 41, 458−466.
- Gal, JY.; Fovet, Y.; Adib-Yadzi, M. About a Synthetic Saliva for in vitro Studies. Talanta 2001 Mar, 53 (6), 1103−1115.
- Bahadır EB., Sezgintürk MK., A comparative study of short chain and long chain mercapto acids used in biosensor fabrication: A VEGF-R1-based immunosensor as a model system. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2016, 44(2), 462-470. DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.962743
- ICH, International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines (ICH Q2B, validation of analytical procedures, methodology). http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/quality-single/article/validation-of-analytical-procedures-text-and-methodology.html
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 535 - 550, 08.01.2017
Öz
Kaynakça
- REFERENCES
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), Drug Facts,2013, Cocaine, www.drugabuse.gov
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), Research Report Series, 2013, Cocaine, www.drugabuse.gov
- Guler E., Bozokalfa G., Demir B., Gumus ZP., Guler B., Aldemir E., Timur S., Coskunol H., ‘An Aptamer Folding based Sensory Platform’ Decorated with Nanoparticles for Simple Cocaine Testing, Drug Testing and Analysis 2016 Jun, doi: 10.1002/dta.1992
- Donald G. Barceloux Robert B. Palmer (Editor), Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse, Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants, 2012, Wiley, 805-885 p. ISBN: 978-0-471-72760-6
- Mackey-Bojack S., Kioss J., Apple F. Cocaine, cocaine metabolite, and ethanol concentrations in postmortem blood and vitreous humor. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000 Jan/Feb, 24, 59-65. http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/1/59.long
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report. United Nations, New York, 2015. https://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2015/World_Drug_Report_2015.pdf
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. European drug report 2014: Trends and developments. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2014. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/963/TDAT14001ENN.pdf
- Kolbrich EA., Barnes AJ., Gorelick DA., Boyd SJ., Cone EJ., and Huesfis MA.. Major and Minor Metabolites of Cocaine in Human Plasma following Controlled Subcutaneous Cocaine Administration, J. Anal. Toxicol, 2006 Oct, 30, 501-510. http://jat.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/8/501.long
- Cone EJ , Tsadik A , Oyler J , Darwin WD . Cocaine metabolism and urinary excretion after different routes of administration. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1998 Oct; 20(5), 556 – 560
- Bozokalfa, G, Akbulut, H; Demir, B, Guler, E, Gumus, ZP, Odaci Demirkol, D, Aldemir, E, Yamada, S, Endo, T, Coskunol, H, Timur, S, Yagci, Y. A polypeptide functional surface for the aptamer immobilization: Electrochemical cocaine bio-sensing, Analytical Chemistry, 2016 Mar, 88(7), 4161–4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00760
- Hiemke C., Baumann P., Bergemann N., Conca A., Dietmaier O., Egberts K.,… et al. The AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011, Pharmacopsychiatry, 2011, 44 (06), 195-235. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286287
- Urine drug testing in the management of chronic pain https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/files/UrineDrugTesting.pdf.
- Gourlay DL Heit HA. Caplan, YH. Urine Drug Testing in Clinical Practice. 2010, 1-24. http://www.pharmacomgroup.com/udt/udt5.pdf
- Analytes and Their Cutoffs, 2010, http://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/workplace/2010GuidelinesAnalytesCutoffs.pdf
- Wilsenach, JA.; Schuurbiers, CAH.; Van Loosdrecht, MCM. Phosphate and Potassium Recovery from Source Seperated Urine through Struvite Preparation. Water Research. 2007, 41, 458−466.
- Gal, JY.; Fovet, Y.; Adib-Yadzi, M. About a Synthetic Saliva for in vitro Studies. Talanta 2001 Mar, 53 (6), 1103−1115.
- Bahadır EB., Sezgintürk MK., A comparative study of short chain and long chain mercapto acids used in biosensor fabrication: A VEGF-R1-based immunosensor as a model system. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2016, 44(2), 462-470. DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.962743
- ICH, International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines (ICH Q2B, validation of analytical procedures, methodology). http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines/quality/quality-single/article/validation-of-analytical-procedures-text-and-methodology.html
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 8 Ocak 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Temmuz 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3 |
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