Öz
Covid-19, tüm dünyada 21. yüzyılın en yıkıcı psişik, sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik krizi oldu. Sadece milyonlarca can almakla kalmamış, arkasında sosyal ve psikolojik bir miras bırakmıştır. Bu derlemede pandeminin psikoloji üzerindeki etkisine kapsamlı bir şekilde bakılması ve psikolojik açıdan iki aşamalı kavram önerileri verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Literatürden Covid-19'un hem sağlık çalışanları hem de toplum üzerinde psikolojik etkisinin olduğu rahatlıkla görülebilmektedir. Her iki tarafın da farklı türden becerilere ve psikolojik desteğe ihtiyacı olduğu görülmektedir. Sağlık personelinin stresle daha kolay baş etmeyi öğrenmesi ve fizyolojik virüslerin yanı sıra psikolojik virüslerin de yayılması ve oldukça büyük bir psikolojik ve hatta psikopatolojik miras bırakması nedeniyle kendilerini korumaları gerekmektedir. Halk için, insanların ihtiyaç duydukları anda psikiyatristlere ve klinik psikologlara kolayca ulaşabilmeleri ve yeni normalle baş edebilmek için devletin ücretsiz erişilebilecek kurslar geliştirmesi ve sunması faydalı olabilir. Sonuç olarak, Covid-19'un psikolojik yaralarını sarmak ve gelecekte olası yeni pandemileri hazırlanmak için kapsamlı bir süreç başlatılması faydalı olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Covid-19 Psikopatoloji Sağlık çalışanları Sağlık psikolojisi Yeni normal
Kaynakça
- 1. Baloch, G. M., Sundarasen, S., Chinna, K., Nurunnabi, M., Kamaludin, K., Khoshaim, H. B., & AlSukayt, A. (2021). COVID-19: exploring impacts of the pandemic and lockdown on mental health of Pakistani students. PeerJ, 9, e10612.
- 2. Monke, J., & Corn, M. L. (2007). Avian influenza in poultry and wild birds. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
- 3. Sims, L. D., & Brown, I. H. (2008). Multicontinental epidemic of H5N1 HPAI virus (1996–2007). Avian influenza, 251-286.
- 4. Shibl, A., Senok, A., & Memish, Z. (2012). Infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. Clinical microbiology and infection, 18(11), 1068-1080.
- 5. World Health Organization. (2023). Update to requirements for reporting COVID-19 surveillance data under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005): addendum to Public health surveillance for COVID-19 interim guidance, 25 August 2023 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/Surveillance_Guidance/Addendum/2023.1).
- 6. Cai, Q., Feng, H., Huang, J., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Lu, X., ... & Liu, Y. (2020). The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 210-215.
- 7. Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312.
- 8. Wang, C., Wen, W., Zhang, H., Ni, J., Jiang, J., Cheng, Y., ... & Liu, W. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and stress prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of American College Health, 1-8.
- 9. Munawar, K., & Choudhry, F. R. (2021). Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(3), 286-292.
- 10. Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., ... & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome:Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 779-788.
- 11. Mucci, F., Mucci, N., & Diolaiuti, F. (2020). Lockdown and isolation: psychological aspects of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 63.
- 12. Groarke, J. M., Berry, E., Graham-Wisener, L., McKenna-Plumley, P. E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020). Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. PloS One, 15(9), e0239698.
- 13. Liberati, E., Richards, N., Willars, J., Scott, D., Boydell, N., Parker, J., ... & Jones, P. B. (2021). A qualitative study of experiences of NHS mental healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 250.
- 14. Canady, V. A. (2020). APA stress report amid COVID‐19 points to parental challenges. Mental Health Weekly, 30(22), 3-4.
- 15. Gritti, A., Salvati, T., Russo, K., & Catone, G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: a note for psychiatrists and psychologists. Journal of Psychosocial Systems, 4(1), 63-77.
- 16. Van Mol, M. M., Kompanje, E. J., Benoit, D. D., Bakker, J., & Nijkamp, M. D. (2015). The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review. PloS one, 10(8), e0136955.
- 17. Colligan, T. W., & Higgins, E. M. (2006). Workplace stress: Etiology and consequences. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 21(2), 89-97.
- 18. World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 and violence against women: What the health sector/system can do. WHO, 26 March 2020. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergen- cies/COVID-19-VAW-full-text.pdf
- 19. Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 581314.
- 20. de Lima, C. V. C., Cândido, E. L., da Silva, J. A., Albuquerque, L. V., de Menezes Soares, L., do Nascimento, M. M., ... & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). Effects of quarantine on mental health of populations affected by Covid-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 253-254.
- 21. Bhattacharjee, A., & Ghosh, T. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic and stress: Coping with the new normal. Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion, 3(1), 30-52.
- 22. Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Rethinking education in the new normal post-COVID-19 era: A curriculum studies perspective. Aquademia, 4(2)
Öz
Covid-19 has been the most devastating psychical, social, economic, and psychological crisis of the 21 century all around the world. It has not only taken millions of lives but also left the social and psychological heritage behind it. In this review it has been aimed to have a comprehensive look on the pandemics effect on psychology and give two phases of concept suggestions on psychological perspective. From the literature it can be easily seen that Covid-19 has got psychological effect both on medical staff and in public. Both sides need different kind of skills and psychological support. Medical staff needs to learn more easily cope with stress and protect themselves from the viruses but also psychological viruses as it also spread and leave quite a big psychological and even psychopathological heritage. For the public, people need to be able to access easily to psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the time of needs and get trained to be able to cope with new normal from a governmental free accessible course. In conclusion we need a broader psychological perspective to recover from Covid-19 and prepare to the possible ones in the future psychologically.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Covid-19 Medical staff New normal Psychology of health Psychopathology
Kaynakça
- 1. Baloch, G. M., Sundarasen, S., Chinna, K., Nurunnabi, M., Kamaludin, K., Khoshaim, H. B., & AlSukayt, A. (2021). COVID-19: exploring impacts of the pandemic and lockdown on mental health of Pakistani students. PeerJ, 9, e10612.
- 2. Monke, J., & Corn, M. L. (2007). Avian influenza in poultry and wild birds. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.
- 3. Sims, L. D., & Brown, I. H. (2008). Multicontinental epidemic of H5N1 HPAI virus (1996–2007). Avian influenza, 251-286.
- 4. Shibl, A., Senok, A., & Memish, Z. (2012). Infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. Clinical microbiology and infection, 18(11), 1068-1080.
- 5. World Health Organization. (2023). Update to requirements for reporting COVID-19 surveillance data under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005): addendum to Public health surveillance for COVID-19 interim guidance, 25 August 2023 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/Surveillance_Guidance/Addendum/2023.1).
- 6. Cai, Q., Feng, H., Huang, J., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Lu, X., ... & Liu, Y. (2020). The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 210-215.
- 7. Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312.
- 8. Wang, C., Wen, W., Zhang, H., Ni, J., Jiang, J., Cheng, Y., ... & Liu, W. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and stress prevalence among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of American College Health, 1-8.
- 9. Munawar, K., & Choudhry, F. R. (2021). Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(3), 286-292.
- 10. Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., ... & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome:Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 779-788.
- 11. Mucci, F., Mucci, N., & Diolaiuti, F. (2020). Lockdown and isolation: psychological aspects of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 63.
- 12. Groarke, J. M., Berry, E., Graham-Wisener, L., McKenna-Plumley, P. E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020). Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. PloS One, 15(9), e0239698.
- 13. Liberati, E., Richards, N., Willars, J., Scott, D., Boydell, N., Parker, J., ... & Jones, P. B. (2021). A qualitative study of experiences of NHS mental healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 250.
- 14. Canady, V. A. (2020). APA stress report amid COVID‐19 points to parental challenges. Mental Health Weekly, 30(22), 3-4.
- 15. Gritti, A., Salvati, T., Russo, K., & Catone, G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: a note for psychiatrists and psychologists. Journal of Psychosocial Systems, 4(1), 63-77.
- 16. Van Mol, M. M., Kompanje, E. J., Benoit, D. D., Bakker, J., & Nijkamp, M. D. (2015). The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review. PloS one, 10(8), e0136955.
- 17. Colligan, T. W., & Higgins, E. M. (2006). Workplace stress: Etiology and consequences. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 21(2), 89-97.
- 18. World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 and violence against women: What the health sector/system can do. WHO, 26 March 2020. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergen- cies/COVID-19-VAW-full-text.pdf
- 19. Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 581314.
- 20. de Lima, C. V. C., Cândido, E. L., da Silva, J. A., Albuquerque, L. V., de Menezes Soares, L., do Nascimento, M. M., ... & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). Effects of quarantine on mental health of populations affected by Covid-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 253-254.
- 21. Bhattacharjee, A., & Ghosh, T. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic and stress: Coping with the new normal. Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion, 3(1), 30-52.
- 22. Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Rethinking education in the new normal post-COVID-19 era: A curriculum studies perspective. Aquademia, 4(2)
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Psikopatoloji, Klinik Psikoloji, Sağlık Psikolojisi |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Ocak 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 28 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3 |
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