Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 116 - 134, 26.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1345554

Öz

Kaynakça

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Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 116 - 134, 26.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1345554

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in people affected by the 6 February 2023 earthquake in Turkey. The study also aimed to examine the prevalence of PTS, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in earthquake survivors in the context of some variables (psychological help, residence in the earthquake zone, moving to a different settlement after the earthquake, gender, marital status, perceived economic status).
A quantitative research method, namely relational survey design, was used in the study. 310 participants above the age of 18 (F=72.6%, M=27.4%; mean age=26.65; SD= ±7.97) were included in the study by using a suitable sampling method. 60.65% (F=78.7%, M=21.3; mean age=27.34; SD= ±8.87) of the participants were people who experienced the earthquake. Data were collected by using a personal information form, DSM-5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and DSM-5 Sleep Disorder Scale. Analyses were performed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis.
The study results showed that 46.8% of the earthquake victims experienced post-traumatic stress, 42.2% anxiety, 22.4% sleep problems and 12% depression symptoms. Anxiety attitudes (β = .54), sleep behaviors (β = .27) and gender (β = -.10) predict the post-traumatic stress experienced by earthquake victims (F (3,184) = 81.75, p <.01). Earthquake victims who received psychological help significantly differed from those who did not receive psychological help in terms of PTS (t = -4.28, p <.01, d = -.80), anxiety (t = -3.85, p <.01, d = -.73) and sleep problems (t = -3.43, p <.01, d = -.65), but no difference was observed in depressive symptoms (t = .82, p <.41, d = -.15). Gender is a risk factor for psychological disorders after an earthquake. The departure of disaster victims from the region where they experienced the earthquake did not make a significant contribution to their psychological well-being. The study is expected to give a new perspective to NGOs and policymakers in the disaster preparedness process; and to mental health workers in terms of understanding the psychological state of people exposed to disasters and developing appropriate interventions.

Kaynakça

  • Adhikari Baral, I., & Bhagawati, K.C, (2019). Post traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies among adult survivors of earthquake, Nepal. BMC Psychiatry 19(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2090-y
  • Aker, T. (2000). 1999 Marmara Earthquakes: A review of epidemiologic findings and community mental health applications. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 17(3), 204-212. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document? on 19.07.2023
  • Altindağ, A., Ozen, S., & Sir, A. (2005). One-year follow-up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among earthquake survivors in Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46(5), 328-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.01.005
  • Ao, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Martek, I., & Wang, G. (2021). Impacts of earthquake knowledge and risk perception on earthquake preparedness of rural residents. Natural Hazards, 107, 1287-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04632-w
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  • Arnulf, I., Zeitzer, J. M., File, J., Farber, N., & Mignot, E. (2005). Kleine–Levin syndrome: A systematic review of 186 cases in the literature. Brain, 128(12), 2763-2776. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh620
  • Aydemir, Ö., Guvenir, T., Kuey, L., & Kultur, S. (1997). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 8(4), 280-287. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301778685_Hastane_Anksiyete_ve_Depresyon_Olcegi 15.07.2023
  • Aydin, F., & Kaya, F. (2021). Does compliance with the preventive health behaviours against COVID-19 mitigate the effects of depression, anxiety and stress? Studies in Psychology, 42(3), 652-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.2021.1950462
  • Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. (2002). Research methods in clinical psychology (2nd ed.). Chichester: John Willey and Sons.
  • Başoǧlu, M., Kiliç, C., Şalcioǧlu, E., & Livanou, M. (2004). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 17(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTS.0000022619.31615.e8
  • Beaglehole, B., Mulder, R. T., Boden, J. M., & Bell, C. J. (2019). A systematic review of the psychological impacts of the Canterbury earthquakes on mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(3), 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12894
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  • Küçüksille, E. (2010). Çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli. Ş. Kalaycı (Ed.), SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri içinde (s. 257-269). Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
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  • Jin, Y., Sun, C., Wang, F., An, J., & Xu, J. (2018). The relationship between PTSD, depression and negative life events: Ya'an earthquake three years later. Psychiatry Research, 259(1), 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.017
  • Leeds, A.M, (2022). Klinisyenler, süpervizörler ve danışmanlar için satandart EMDR terapi protokolleri hakkında bir rehber. A. B. Yaşar, Ş. Atçeken & Z. Özmeydan (Ed.), İstanbul: Universal Dil Hizmetleri ve Yayıncılık.
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  • Mellman, T. A. (1997). Psychobiology of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 821(1), 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48275.x
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  • Math, S. B., Nirmala, M. C., Moirangthem, S., & Kumar, N. C. (2015). Disaster management: Mental health perspective. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37(3), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.162915
  • Marthoenis, M., Ilyas, A., Sofyan, H., & Schouler-Ocak, M. (2019). Prevalence, comorbidity and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adolescents following an earthquake. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(1), 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.030
  • Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 467-480. 10.1017/S0033291707001353
  • Norenzayan, A., & Lee, A. (2010). It was meant to happen: explaining cultural variations in fate attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(5), 702-720. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019141
  • Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207-239. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173
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  • Önder, E., Tural, Ü., Aker, T., Kılıç, C., & Erdoğan, S. (2006). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Survey (MES). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(11), 868–874. Doi 10.1007/s00127-006-0107-6
  • Özen, H., & Cerit, C. (2018). Post-traumatıc stress dısorder and related factors ın post-war Syrıan refugees who mıgrated to Turkey and worked ın humanıtarıan aıd organızatıons. Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University, 4(3) , 70-73 . DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.431796
  • Pallant, J. (2020). Spss Survival Manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. New York:McGraw-Hill.
  • Pan, X., Liu, W., Deng, G., Liu, T., Yan, J., Tang, Y., ... & Xu, M. (2015). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among junior high school students in worst-hit areas 3 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), 1985-1994. https://doi.org/10.1177/101053951348862
  • Raccanello, D., Vicentini, G., Florit, E., & Burro, R. (2020). Factors promoting learning with a web application on earthquake-related emotional preparedness in primary school. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(621), 1-9. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00621
  • Shapiro, F. (2021). EMDR: Göz hareketleriyle duyarşızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme, temel prensipler ve prosedürler. M. Şaşzade & I. Sanoy (Çev.), İstanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınevi
  • Sharma, A., & Kar, N. (2019). Posttraumatic stress, depression, and coping following the 2015 Nepal earthquake: A study on adolescents. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 13(2), 236-242. doi:10.1017/dmp.2018.37
  • Slovic P (1999) Trust, emotion, sex, politics, and science: Surveying the risk-assessment battlefeld. Risk Anal 19(4), 689–701. Doi: 10.1023/a:1007041821623
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  • Sönmez, M. B. (2022). Psychological effects of earthquake, psychological support and coping with fear. Journal of TOTBİD, 21(3), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.5578/totbid.dergisi.2022.46
  • Su, Y. J. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among burn survivors two years after the 2015 Formosa Fun Coast Water Park explosion in Taiwan. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1512263
  • Takada, S., Kameoka, S., Okuyama, M., Fujiwara, T., Yagi, J., Iwadare, Y., Honma, H., Mashiko, H., Nagao, K., Fujibayashi, T., Asano, Y., Yamamoto, S., Osawa, T., & Kato, H. (2018). Feasibility and psychometric properties of the UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 in Japanese youth: A multi-site study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 33(1), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.011
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  • Wang, X., Gao, L., Shinfuku, N., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., & Shen, Y. (2000). Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in North China. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(8), 1260-1266.
  • Wang, W., Wu, X., Liu, A., & Lan, X. (2020). Moderating role of social support in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and antisocial behavior in adolescents after the Ya'an earthquake. PsyCh Journal, 9(3), 350-358. Doi: 10.1002/pchj.343
  • Yıldız, B., & Akkoyun, A. Z. (2023). Psychiatric support after earthquake. İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Health Science Journal, 8(2), 817-820. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/78150/1267011 on 18.07.2023
  • Yin, Q., Wu, L., Yu, X., & Liu, W. (2019). Neuroticism predicts a long-term PTSD after earthquake trauma: The moderating effects of personality. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(657), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00657
  • Yüzeren, S., Herdem, A., & Aydemir, Ö. (2017). DSM-5 Reliability and validity of Turkish Form of Sleep Disorder Scale. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 18 (S2), 79-84. Doi: 10.5455/apd.241499
  • Zhang, W., Liu, H., Jiang, X., Wu, D., & Tian, Y. (2014). A longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and its relationship with coping skill and locus of control in adolescents after an earthquake in China. PloS One, 9(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088263
  • Zhang, Z., Shi, Z., Wang, L., & Liu, M. (2011). One year later: Mental health problems among survivors in hard-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake. Public Health, 125(5), 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2010.12.008
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şenel Çıtak 0000-0003-1155-1767

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çıtak, Ş. (2023). Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, 8(2), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1345554
AMA Çıtak Ş. Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes. JFCE. Ekim 2023;8(2):116-134. doi:10.32568/jfce.1345554
Chicago Çıtak, Şenel. “Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 8, sy. 2 (Ekim 2023): 116-34. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1345554.
EndNote Çıtak Ş (01 Ekim 2023) Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 8 2 116–134.
IEEE Ş. Çıtak, “Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes”, JFCE, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 116–134, 2023, doi: 10.32568/jfce.1345554.
ISNAD Çıtak, Şenel. “Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education 8/2 (Ekim 2023), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1345554.
JAMA Çıtak Ş. Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes. JFCE. 2023;8:116–134.
MLA Çıtak, Şenel. “Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes”. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, c. 8, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 116-34, doi:10.32568/jfce.1345554.
Vancouver Çıtak Ş. Psychological Experiences and Risk Factors in Earthquakes. JFCE. 2023;8(2):116-34.