Öz
This study aims to examine
the emerging themes found in the last statements of 538 death row inmates who
were executed at Texas Hunstsville Prison between 1982-2016. The study adopted
mixed-method research methods that includes both quantitative and qualitative
research methods. Quantitative findings of the study are as follows: 108 of 538
death row inmates denied using their right to make last statement. 73 of the
rest 420 death row inmates included the theme of denial in their least
statements. Only 5 of 538 death row inmates were female and there were no
female death row inmates who include denial in their least statements. It is
possible to categorize the qualitative data of the study as in the follwing: at
the end of content analysis it was seen that 15 themes emerged and the themes
of denial, defense and love have the highest frequency in terms of frequency of
usage.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Forensic Linguistic Death Row Inmates Language Criminal Psychology Last Statement Forensic Text
Kaynakça
- Andreas, R. T. S., & Ward. J. (2008). Dealing with the ınevitable: strategies of self presentation and meaning construction in the final statements of ınmates on texas death row. Discourse Society, 19(1), 43-62.
- Behrens, S. (2010). Language in the real world and introduction. New York: Routledge.
- Brown, K. L., & Benningfield, M. (2008). Death row correctional officers. Experiences, perspectives, and attitudes. Criminal Justice Review, 33(4), 524-540.
- Chaski C (2010) Linguistics as a Forensic Science: The Case of Author Identification. In Susan Behrens and Judith A. Parker (eds.). Language in the Real World. Routledge.
- Chomsky, N. (1967). The responsibility of intellectuals. The New York Review of Books, Retrieved from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1967/02/23/a-special-supplement-the-responsibility-of-intelle/
- Cresswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Thousands Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
- Death Row Inmates Information and Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/.
- Death Row Inmates. Retrieved from http://murderpedia.org/.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Eaton, J. (2014). Honor on death row: Apology, remorse, and the culture of honor in the U.S. South. SAGE Open, April-June,1 –9. DOI: 10.1177/2158244014529777.
- Foucault, M. (2015) Hapishanenin Dogusu. (6th Edition). Ankara: İmge Press.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1980). The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research (11th ed.). New York: Aldine Publishing Company.
- Heflick, N, A. (2005) Sentenced to Die: Last Statements and Dying on Death Row, The Journal of Death and Dying, 51: 323–336.
- Jacobs, D., Qian, Z., Carmichael, J. T., Kent, S. L. (2007). Who survives on death row? An individual and contextual analysis. American Sociologıcal Review, 72, 610–632.
- Jones, J. S., & Beck, E. (2007). Disenfranchised grief and non-finite loss as experienced by the families of death row inmates. OMEGA, 54(4), 281-299.
- Kastenbaum, P. (1998) Olume Yanit Var Mi?, İstanbul: Okyanus Press.
- Kellehear, A. (2005) Ölme Uzerine Bir İnceleme. Istanbul: Bogazici Press.
- King, K. (2004). It hurts so bad: Comparing grieving patterns of the families of murder victims with those of families of death row ınmates. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 15(2), 193-211.
- Kübler-Ross, E. (1987) Buyumenin Son Asamasi: Olum. İstanbul: Ruh ve Madde Press
- Luria A. (1981) Language and Cognition. Washington D. C.: V. H. Winston and Sons,
- McCaghy, Charles H (1980). Crime in American Society. New York: Macmillan.
- McInerney F. (2005). Filmlerde Olme. Kellehear, Allan. (2005). Ölme Üzerine Bir İnceleme. In Kellehear, A (Eds.) Istanbul: Bogazici University Press.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage Publication.
- Mills and Wooster (1987)
- Reidy, T. J., Cunnningham, M. D., & Sorensen, J. R. (2001). From death to life. Prison behavior of former death row inmates in Indiana. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(1), 62-82.
- Rizza, C. (2015). Death row statements: A discourse of play. Discourse & Society, 26(1), 95- 112. DOI: 10.1177/0957926514543228.
- Scarre, G. (2005) Olme ve Felsefe. In Kellehear, A (Eds.) Olme Uzerine Bir Inceleme (1st ed.). Istanbul: Bogazici University Press.
- Schuck, A. R. T., & Ward, J. (2008). Dealing with the inevitable: Strategies of self-presentation and meaning construction in the final statements of inmates on Texas death row. Discourse & Society, 19(1), 43–62. DOI: 10.1177/0957926507083687.
- Steinhauser, K. K, Clipp. E, C. McNeilly. M, Christakis, N. A., McIntyre, I. M., Tulsky, J A (2000). In Search of a Good Death: Observations of Patients, Families and Providers. Annuals of Internal Medicine. 132: 825-832.
- Taylor, G. (1999). Guilt and remorse. In Culture and Emotion. Anthony Mastead, Agneta H. Fischer (eds.). Psychology Press.
- Thornberg, R. (2012). Informed grounded theory. Scandinavian Journal of
- Tooley M (1997). Time, Tense and Causation. London: Clarendon Press.
- Upton, M. A., Carwile, T. M., & Brown, K. S. (2016). In their own words: A qualitative exploration of last statements of capital punishment ınmates in the state of Missouri, 1995–2011. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–19. DOI: 10.1177/0030222816652972.
- Uysal, B. (2016). A Review on time perception of death row inmates’ denials in their last statements in the context of forensic linguistics: The sample of Texas Huntsville Unit. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–14. DOI: 10.1177/0030222816674733.
- Wertervelt, S. D., & Cook, K. J. (2008). Coping with innocence after death row. Contexts, 7(4), 32–37.
İdam Mahkûmlarının Son Sözlerinde İnkâra Yer Verme Durumları: Teksas Huntsville Hapishanesi Örneklemi
Öz
Bu çalışma, 1982-2016
yılları arasında Teksas Huntsville Hapishanesinde idam edilen 538 idam
mahkûmunun son sözlerinde yer alan hâkim temaları incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.
Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma tekniklerine bir arada yer verilen karma
yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen başlıca nicel veriler şunlar
olmuştur: 538 idam mahkûmun 108’i son söz hakkını kullanmayı reddetmiştir.
Geriye kalan 420 mahkûmdan 73’ü son sözlerinde inkâr temasına yer vermiştir.
Toplamda 538 mahkûmdan yalnızca 5 tanesi kadındır ve inkâra yer verenler
arasında kadın mahkûm bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın nitel verilerini ise şöyle
sınıflandırmak mümkündür: Tespit sonucunda 15 tema belirlenmiş ve yer verilme
sıklığı en fazla olan temaların inkâr, savunma ve sevgi olduğu görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adli Dilbilim İdam Mahkûmları Dil Suç Psikolojisi Son Söz Adli Metin
Kaynakça
- Andreas, R. T. S., & Ward. J. (2008). Dealing with the ınevitable: strategies of self presentation and meaning construction in the final statements of ınmates on texas death row. Discourse Society, 19(1), 43-62.
- Behrens, S. (2010). Language in the real world and introduction. New York: Routledge.
- Brown, K. L., & Benningfield, M. (2008). Death row correctional officers. Experiences, perspectives, and attitudes. Criminal Justice Review, 33(4), 524-540.
- Chaski C (2010) Linguistics as a Forensic Science: The Case of Author Identification. In Susan Behrens and Judith A. Parker (eds.). Language in the Real World. Routledge.
- Chomsky, N. (1967). The responsibility of intellectuals. The New York Review of Books, Retrieved from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1967/02/23/a-special-supplement-the-responsibility-of-intelle/
- Cresswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Thousands Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
- Death Row Inmates Information and Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/.
- Death Row Inmates. Retrieved from http://murderpedia.org/.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Eaton, J. (2014). Honor on death row: Apology, remorse, and the culture of honor in the U.S. South. SAGE Open, April-June,1 –9. DOI: 10.1177/2158244014529777.
- Foucault, M. (2015) Hapishanenin Dogusu. (6th Edition). Ankara: İmge Press.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1980). The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research (11th ed.). New York: Aldine Publishing Company.
- Heflick, N, A. (2005) Sentenced to Die: Last Statements and Dying on Death Row, The Journal of Death and Dying, 51: 323–336.
- Jacobs, D., Qian, Z., Carmichael, J. T., Kent, S. L. (2007). Who survives on death row? An individual and contextual analysis. American Sociologıcal Review, 72, 610–632.
- Jones, J. S., & Beck, E. (2007). Disenfranchised grief and non-finite loss as experienced by the families of death row inmates. OMEGA, 54(4), 281-299.
- Kastenbaum, P. (1998) Olume Yanit Var Mi?, İstanbul: Okyanus Press.
- Kellehear, A. (2005) Ölme Uzerine Bir İnceleme. Istanbul: Bogazici Press.
- King, K. (2004). It hurts so bad: Comparing grieving patterns of the families of murder victims with those of families of death row ınmates. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 15(2), 193-211.
- Kübler-Ross, E. (1987) Buyumenin Son Asamasi: Olum. İstanbul: Ruh ve Madde Press
- Luria A. (1981) Language and Cognition. Washington D. C.: V. H. Winston and Sons,
- McCaghy, Charles H (1980). Crime in American Society. New York: Macmillan.
- McInerney F. (2005). Filmlerde Olme. Kellehear, Allan. (2005). Ölme Üzerine Bir İnceleme. In Kellehear, A (Eds.) Istanbul: Bogazici University Press.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage Publication.
- Mills and Wooster (1987)
- Reidy, T. J., Cunnningham, M. D., & Sorensen, J. R. (2001). From death to life. Prison behavior of former death row inmates in Indiana. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(1), 62-82.
- Rizza, C. (2015). Death row statements: A discourse of play. Discourse & Society, 26(1), 95- 112. DOI: 10.1177/0957926514543228.
- Scarre, G. (2005) Olme ve Felsefe. In Kellehear, A (Eds.) Olme Uzerine Bir Inceleme (1st ed.). Istanbul: Bogazici University Press.
- Schuck, A. R. T., & Ward, J. (2008). Dealing with the inevitable: Strategies of self-presentation and meaning construction in the final statements of inmates on Texas death row. Discourse & Society, 19(1), 43–62. DOI: 10.1177/0957926507083687.
- Steinhauser, K. K, Clipp. E, C. McNeilly. M, Christakis, N. A., McIntyre, I. M., Tulsky, J A (2000). In Search of a Good Death: Observations of Patients, Families and Providers. Annuals of Internal Medicine. 132: 825-832.
- Taylor, G. (1999). Guilt and remorse. In Culture and Emotion. Anthony Mastead, Agneta H. Fischer (eds.). Psychology Press.
- Thornberg, R. (2012). Informed grounded theory. Scandinavian Journal of
- Tooley M (1997). Time, Tense and Causation. London: Clarendon Press.
- Upton, M. A., Carwile, T. M., & Brown, K. S. (2016). In their own words: A qualitative exploration of last statements of capital punishment ınmates in the state of Missouri, 1995–2011. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–19. DOI: 10.1177/0030222816652972.
- Uysal, B. (2016). A Review on time perception of death row inmates’ denials in their last statements in the context of forensic linguistics: The sample of Texas Huntsville Unit. OMEGA—Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1–14. DOI: 10.1177/0030222816674733.
- Wertervelt, S. D., & Cook, K. J. (2008). Coping with innocence after death row. Contexts, 7(4), 32–37.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8 |
