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THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC R&D ACTIVITIES TO EXPORT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH FROM PERSPECTIVE OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37, 223 - 256, 01.06.2020

Tuğba Karabulut Muhittin Karabulut

Öz

Strategic R&D, innovation and technology can be described as the “tremendous strategic triad” which makes the competitive price elasticity of the demand of target customers in the national and global markets harder, which serves as the locomotive in the economic growth and export of enterprises, sectors and countries. This trio has become strategically competitive weapons since the early 2000s. In this regard, it is seen that nine sectors have come to the forefront strategically on a global scale and these have become the medium and long-term “strategy documents of countries”. In this study, the current effects and future importance of strategic R&D, innovations and technology on the economic growth in terms of strategic management, export and national scale are emphasized, inter-business and international comparisons are made and the relationship between R&D and export is presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Strategic R&D Innovation Technology High Tech Products Strategy Document

Kaynakça

  • Aiginger, K., Bärenthaler-Sieber, S., and Vogel, J., (2013), “Competitiveness under New Perspectives”, European Commission, Working Paper, 44, October, 9-13, http://www.oecd.org/economy/Competitiveness-under-New-Perspectives.pdf, 25.11. 2019
  • Aktaş, A., (2018) “İhracat Rekor Kırıyor, Ya İthalat?”, Dünya Gazetesi, 2 Nisan. https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ihracat-rekor-kiriyor-ya-ithalat/409725, 11.11.2019
  • Arvizu, A., Häfner, P., (2015), Klessova, S. (Ed.), Innovation Strategy in R&D projects A Step by Step Guide, September, Health Market, https://fdocuments.in/ document/innovation-strategy-in-rd-projects-a-step-by-step-guide.html, 24.11.2019
  • Asim, Z. and Sorooshian, S., (2019), Exploring the Role of Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Management (KNIT) Capabilities that Influence Research and Development, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, MDPI, 5, 21, April 6th, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332281264_ Exploring_the_Role_of_Knowledge_Innovation_and_Technology_Management_KNIT_Capabilities_that_Influence_Research_and_Development, 26.11.2019
  • Aydın, A. ve Soylu, S., (2018) Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri, Ankara: Mart, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası, Oda Raporu, MMO 696: 12, https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/ARGE%20rapor%20web.pdf, 18.11.2019
  • Bellù, L. G., (2011). Development and Development Paradigms: A (Reasoned) Review of Prevailing Visions, FAO, Easy Pol Module 12, May, http://www.fao.org/3/ a-ap255e.pdf, 24.11.2019
  • Bozkurt, C., (2015), “R&D Expenditures and Economic Growth Relationship in Turkey”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 188-194. Brem, A. and Wolfram, P., (2014), “Research and Development from the Bottom up-Introduction of Terminologies for New Product Development in Emerging Markets”, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, July, 3(9), 1-22, https:// innovation-entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2192-5372-3-9, 27.11.2019
  • Burgelman, R. A., Christensen, C. M. and Wheelwright, S. C., (2009), Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 5th Ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Cassiman, B. and Gambardella, A., (2009), “Strategic Organization of R&D”, Advances in Strategic Management, 26, September, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/228641975_Strategic_organization_of_RD, 25.11.2019
  • Chiesa, V., Manzini, R. and Pizzurno, E., (2004), “The Externalisation of R&D Activities and the Growing Market of Product Development Services”, R&D Management 34(1), 65-75, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227624121_The _Externalisation_of_RD_Activities_and_the_Growing_Market_of_Product_Development_Services, 7.11.2019
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  • Dutta, S. et al., (2018), Global Innovation Index 2018: Energizing the World with Innovation, S. Dutta, B. Lanvin, and S. Wunsch-Vincent (Ed.) 11th Edition, Chapter1, Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2018.pdf, 6.11.2019
  • Ebrahim, N. A., Ahmed, S., and Taha, Z., (2010), “SMEs; Virtual Research and Development (R&D) Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review”, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(7), 916-930.
  • Ernst, H., (2003), “Patent Information for Strategic Technology Management”, World Patent Information, 25, 233-242, http://www.hadjarian.com/portfolio/1-s2.0-S0172219003000772-main.pdf, 2.12.2019
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STRATEJİK YÖNETİM AÇISINDAN STRATEJİK AR-GE FAALİYETLERİNİN İHRACATA VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37, 223 - 256, 01.06.2020

Tuğba Karabulut Muhittin Karabulut

Öz

Stratejik Ar-Ge, yenilik ve teknoloji, işletmelerin, sektörlerin, ülkelerin büyümesinde ve ihracatında, lokomotif görevi gören, ulusal ve küresel pazarlardaki hedef müşterilerin talebinin rekabetçi fiyat elastikiyetini göreceli olarak sert hale getiren “müthiş stratejik üçlü” olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu stratejik üçlü 2000’li yılların başından itibaren, stratejik rekabetçi silahlar haline gelmiştir. Bu konuda, küresel ölçekte, stratejik olarak, dokuz sektörün ön plana çıktığını, bunların, ülkelerin/ülkeler topluluklarının orta ve uzun vadeli “strateji belgeleri “ haline dönüştüğü görülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda ve Türkiye örneğinde, Ar-Ge bütçesi ile ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme arasında yakın bir korelasyon olduğu görülmektedir. Bu korelasyonun ileri teknoloji ürünlerinde daha yüksek olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, stratejik yönetim açısından, ihracat ölçeğinde ve ulusal ölçekte stratejik Ar-Ge’nin, yeniliklerin ve teknolojinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde mevcut etkileri, gelecekteki önemi üzerinde durulmakta, işletmeler arası ve uluslararası kıyaslamalar yapılmakta, Ar-Ge ve ihracat arasındaki ilişkiye yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stratejik Ar-Ge Yenilik Teknoloji İleri Teknoloji Ürünler Strateji Belgesi

Kaynakça

  • Aiginger, K., Bärenthaler-Sieber, S., and Vogel, J., (2013), “Competitiveness under New Perspectives”, European Commission, Working Paper, 44, October, 9-13, http://www.oecd.org/economy/Competitiveness-under-New-Perspectives.pdf, 25.11. 2019
  • Aktaş, A., (2018) “İhracat Rekor Kırıyor, Ya İthalat?”, Dünya Gazetesi, 2 Nisan. https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ihracat-rekor-kiriyor-ya-ithalat/409725, 11.11.2019
  • Arvizu, A., Häfner, P., (2015), Klessova, S. (Ed.), Innovation Strategy in R&D projects A Step by Step Guide, September, Health Market, https://fdocuments.in/ document/innovation-strategy-in-rd-projects-a-step-by-step-guide.html, 24.11.2019
  • Asim, Z. and Sorooshian, S., (2019), Exploring the Role of Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Management (KNIT) Capabilities that Influence Research and Development, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, MDPI, 5, 21, April 6th, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332281264_ Exploring_the_Role_of_Knowledge_Innovation_and_Technology_Management_KNIT_Capabilities_that_Influence_Research_and_Development, 26.11.2019
  • Aydın, A. ve Soylu, S., (2018) Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri, Ankara: Mart, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası, Oda Raporu, MMO 696: 12, https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/ARGE%20rapor%20web.pdf, 18.11.2019
  • Bellù, L. G., (2011). Development and Development Paradigms: A (Reasoned) Review of Prevailing Visions, FAO, Easy Pol Module 12, May, http://www.fao.org/3/ a-ap255e.pdf, 24.11.2019
  • Bozkurt, C., (2015), “R&D Expenditures and Economic Growth Relationship in Turkey”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 188-194. Brem, A. and Wolfram, P., (2014), “Research and Development from the Bottom up-Introduction of Terminologies for New Product Development in Emerging Markets”, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, July, 3(9), 1-22, https:// innovation-entrepreneurship.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2192-5372-3-9, 27.11.2019
  • Burgelman, R. A., Christensen, C. M. and Wheelwright, S. C., (2009), Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 5th Ed., Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Cassiman, B. and Gambardella, A., (2009), “Strategic Organization of R&D”, Advances in Strategic Management, 26, September, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/228641975_Strategic_organization_of_RD, 25.11.2019
  • Chiesa, V., Manzini, R. and Pizzurno, E., (2004), “The Externalisation of R&D Activities and the Growing Market of Product Development Services”, R&D Management 34(1), 65-75, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227624121_The _Externalisation_of_RD_Activities_and_the_Growing_Market_of_Product_Development_Services, 7.11.2019
  • Cooley, J., (2004), Strategic Planning and the Long-term R&D Plan, Talk: Session TP, Monday 14:30, CN-220-416, TP-03, https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollection Store/_Public/46/058/46058249.pdf, 3.12.2019
  • Congressional Research Service, (2019), Global Research and Development Expenditures: Fact Sheet, R44283, CRS Report, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44283.pdf, 15.11.2019
  • Cowan, R., (2004), “Network Models of Innovation and Knowledge Diffusion”, (MERİT, Maastricht, July), http://dimetic.dime-eu.org/dimetic_files/CowanIntro3. pdf, 29.11.2019
  • Criscuolo, P. and Patel, P., (2003), Large Firms and Internalisation of R&D: Holowing Out of National Technological Capacity? SETI Workshop, Rome, May 15-16.
  • Durand, M. and Giorno, C., Indicators of International Competitiveness: Conceptual Aspects and Evaluation, http://www.oecd.org/economy/outlook/33841783.pdf, 8.11.2019
  • Dutta, S. et al., (2018), Global Innovation Index 2018: Energizing the World with Innovation, S. Dutta, B. Lanvin, and S. Wunsch-Vincent (Ed.) 11th Edition, Chapter1, Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2018.pdf, 6.11.2019
  • Ebrahim, N. A., Ahmed, S., and Taha, Z., (2010), “SMEs; Virtual Research and Development (R&D) Teams and New Product Development: A Literature Review”, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(7), 916-930.
  • Ernst, H., (2003), “Patent Information for Strategic Technology Management”, World Patent Information, 25, 233-242, http://www.hadjarian.com/portfolio/1-s2.0-S0172219003000772-main.pdf, 2.12.2019
  • EU-China Joint Innovation Center, (2018), The 2018 Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, 12.112.2018, http://en.eucjic.org/index.php?id=64, 11.12.2019
  • Evans, J. R. and Lindsay, W. M., (1996), The Management and Control of Quality, N.Y.: West Publishing Company.
  • Fisher, W.W., Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/topic/patent, 11.11.2019
  • Fu, D., Wu, Y. and Tang, Y., (2011), Does Innovation Matter for Chinese Hightech Exports? A Firm-level Analysis, MPRA Paper 30012, https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30012/1/Does_Innovation_Matter_for_Chinese_High-tech_Exports_ A_Firm-level_Analysis.pdf, 19.11.2019
  • Gelec, E. and Wagner, F., (2014), Future Trends and Key Challenges in R&D Management-Results of an Empirical Study within Industrial R&D in Germany, The R&D Management Conference 2014: Management of Applied R and D: Connecting High Value Solutions with Future Markets; Stuttgart, Germany; June 3-6, https://www.rdm.iao.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/iao/rdm/de/documents/RDManagement_final_Gelec_Wagner_2014.pdf, 18.11.2019
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  • Hernandez Guevara H., Grassano N., Tuebke A., Potters L., Gkotsis P., Vezzani A., (2018), Eu R&D Scoreboard: The 2018 Eu Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, Eu, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/2018-eu-industrial -rd-investment-scoreboard, 11.11.2019
  • Hill, C. W. L., (2013), International Business, Mc-Graw-Hill, NY.
  • Hourihan, M. and Parkes, D., (2019), Federal R&D Budget Trends: A Short Summary, AAAS, https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/2019-01/AAAS%20RD%20Primer% 202019_2.pdf, 24.11.2019
  • InnoCentrum Blog, (2018), Global Innovation Index 2018, 12.7.2018, https://medium.com/innocentrumblog/k%C3%BCresel-i%CC%87novasyon-endeksi -2018-70a3123f6783, 12.11.2019
  • Investopedia, (2019), https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060115/how-much-drug-companys-spending-allocated-research-and-development-average.asp, 8.8.2019
  • Karabulut, A. T., (2016), Stratejik Yenilik Yönetimi, İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
  • Karabulut, M., (2016), Stratejik Pazarlama, Ankara: Orion Kitabevi.
  • Karabulut, M. ve Karabulut, A. T., (2011), Küresel Yönetim ve Pazarlama, İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
  • Khan, M. (Ed.), (2019), World Intellectual Property Indicators, WIPO, Geneva, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2019.pdf, 12.11.2019
  • Kuo, C-C, Shyu, J. Z., and Ding, K., (2019), Industrial Revitalization via Industry 4.0-A Comparative Policy Analysis among China, Germany and the USA, Global Transitions, 1, 3-14, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2589791819300039, 4.11.2019
  • Larsson, A., (2004), How can R&D Strategy be Shaped Integrated and Monitoried to Support Corporate Strategy: A Theoretical Framework, Lulea University of Technology, C Extended Essay, 095, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2: 1018765/FULLTEXT01.pdf, 6.11.2019
  • Lee, W. I., (2013), “Major Determinants for the Successful Implementation of Technology Roadmap in the Technology Intensive Organization: A Case of Smart Grid Roadmap in Korea”, Journal of Advanced Management Science, 1(1), March, 112-117.
  • Mahdjoubi, D., (2019), Four Types of R&D, April, https://www.uis.no/getfile.php/ 1336726/Forskning/Senter%20for%20Innovasjonsforskning/Presentation%20Four%20Types%20of%20R%26D%20Darius.pdf, 5.11.2019
  • Mikulic, M., (2019), Pfizer's Expenditure on Research and Development 2006-2018, 11.11.2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/267810/expenditure-on-research-and-development-at-pfizer-since-2006/, 24.11.2019
  • Nieto, M., (2003), From R&D Management to Knowledge Management: An Overview of Studies of Innovation Management”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 70, 135-161, http://gide.unileon.es/admin/UploadFolder/66.pdf, 5.12.2019
  • Nobelius, D., (2002), Managing R&D Processes: Focusing on Technology Development, Product Development, and Their Interplay, Phd Dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. file:///C:/Users/tu%C4%9Fba/ Downloads/NobeliusavhandlingManagingRDprocesses%20(1).pdf, 8.11.2019
  • Nodoushani, O. and Nodoushani, P., (2002), “The Strategic Management of Research and Development”, Journal of Comparative International Management, 5(1), 3-15.
  • Novo, E., De la Fuente, I., and Gaines, S. (2019) 5G for Cooperative and Connected Automated Mobılity on X-Border Corridors 5G Mobix D1.3 Innovation Management Plan,https://www.5g-mobix.com/assets/files/5G-MOBIX-D1.3-Innovation-Management-Plan-V1.0.pdf, 15.11.2019
  • OECD, (2001), The New Economy Beyond the Hype, https://www.oecd.org/economy /growth/2380415.pdf, 19.11.2019
  • Peker, A. A. vd., (2016), “Porter’ın Jenerik Rekabet Stratejileri ve Performans İlişkisi: Aksaray İli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Örneği”, Manas Journal of Social Studies, 5(5), 11-22.
  • Pisano, G. P., (2012), Creating an R&D Strategy, 11 May, https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/ creating-an-rd-strategy, 11.11.2019
  • Plunket, A., Cassi, L., Gallié, E-P, and Mérindol, V., (2013), Breakthrough Inventions, Firm Characteristics and Technological Sector Dynamics, 35th DRUID Celebration Conference, Barcelona, Spain, June 17-19, https://conference.druid.dk/acc_papers/ xffc5fxr3nb985i6cgbr9s3t20a3.pdf, 4.12.2019
  • Prajogo, D. I. and Ahmed, P. K. (2006), Relationships between innovation stimulus, innovation capacity, and innovation performance, R&D Management 36, 5, 499-515. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00450.x?casa_ token=mPlK8ZrwTDAAAAAA:NRGUFcSc0ZALcLstUaXA0aWfQvk_FbAXYOOt6k29-wWFI-u6I5yBS3U1xWfhkgAvY6HAu99w4EihJvc, 20.11.2019
  • R&D Today, https://www.rndtoday.co.uk/latest-news/what-is-the-impact-of-industry -4-0-on-innovation-design-processes/, 23.11.2019
  • Reed, M. (2019), Innovation 4.0: A Digital Revolution for R&D, https://www. newstatesman.com/spotlight/ manufacturing/2019/09/innovation-40-digital-revolution-rd, 16.9.2019
  • Roussel, P. A., Saad, K. N. and Erickson, T. J., (1991), Third-Generation R&D Management, https://www.adlittle.com/sites/default/files/prism/1991_q2_01-06.pdf, 12.11.2019
  • Sağlam, A., (2018), “Ar-Ge Harcamaları 10 Yılda Dört Katına Çıktı”, AA Ekonomi, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/ar-ge-harcamalari-10-yilda-4-katina-cikti/ 1327331, 2.12.2018. Sahlman, K., (2010), Elements of Strategic Technology Management. Faculty of Technology, ACTA, C362, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Oulu, http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789514262500.pdf, 20.11.2019
  • Sandua, S. and Ciocanelb, B., (2014), “Impact of R&D and Innovation on High-Tech Export”, Procedia Economics and Finance 15, 80-90.
  • Shenkar, O. and Luo, Y., Chapter 13: Managing Global Research and Development (R&D), in International Business, eds. Shenkar, O., Luo, Y. and Chi, T., https://slideplayer.com/slide/7783689/
  • Sikharulidze, D. and Kikutadze, V., (2017), “Innovation and Export Competitiveness: Evidence from Georgia Firms”, European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 8(1), May-August, 131-137
  • Trott, P., (2008), Innovation Management and New Product Development, 4th Ed., London: FT Prentice Hall.
  • UNCTAD, (2019), Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade 2018, International Trade Rebounds, UN, Geneva, https://unctad.org/en/ Publications Library/ditctab2019d2_en.pdf, 25.11.2019
  • Ünal, E. C. ve Gökkoyun, S. C., (2019), “Ar-Ge Harcamaları 10 Yılda 5 Katına Çıktı”, AA Ekonomi, 28.11.2019, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/ar-ge-harcamalari-10-yilda-5-katina-cikti/1657790
  • WIPO, (2019), World Intellectual Property Indicators: Filings for Patents, Trademarks, Industrial Designs Reach Record Heights in 2018, 16.12.2019, Geneva, PR/2019/838, https://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2019/article_0012.html, 26.11.2019
  • Wright, P., Pringle, C. D. and Kroll, M. J., (1994), Strategic Management, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • www.drluisortiz.com, PPT, 12.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=High-tech_ statistics_-_economic_data&oldid=277254, 13.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:High-tech_statistics_-_economic_data, 11.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Europe_2020_ indicators_-_R%26D_and_innovation#General_overview, 12.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=R_%26_D_ expenditure, 14.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=R_%26_D_ expenditure#Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R_.26_D, 15.11.2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Production_and_ international_trade_in_high-tech_products&oldid=445677, 16.11.2019
  • https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/gii-2019-report, 13.11.2019
  • http://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2524, 14.11.2019
  • https://knoema.com/atlas/ranks/High-technology-exports, 24.11.2019
  • https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mechanical-engineering/2-96-management-in-engineering-fall-2012/lecture-notes/MIT2_96F12_lec20.pdf, 18.11.2019
  • http://www.oecd.org/sdd/08_Science_and_technology.pdf, 20.11.2019
  • https://www.pfizer.co.uk/sites/g/files/g10017291/f/201505/102731_PFIZER_drug_development_process_PRINT-READY-A4.pdf, 22.11.2019
  • https://www.pwc.nl/en/publicaties/the-mutual-benefits-of-digitization-and-r-and-d.html, 21.11.2019
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tuğba Karabulut 0000-0001-6414-8029

Muhittin Karabulut Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0511-2637

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Kabul Tarihi 5 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Karabulut, T., & Karabulut, M. (2020). STRATEJİK YÖNETİM AÇISINDAN STRATEJİK AR-GE FAALİYETLERİNİN İHRACATA VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİLERİ. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 223-256.
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