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Covid-19 Salgını ve Spor Sektörüne Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 55 - 67, 20.06.2020

Öz

Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan yeni tip koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını spor dünyasını da derinden etkilemeye devam etmektedir. En başta sağlık sektörü olmak üzere, sosyal yaşamın tüm alanlarını, ekonomik yaşamı, bireylerin gündelik pratiklerini köklü bir biçimde etkileyen salgın, nihayetinde sporun tüm alanlarını derinden etkilemiştir. Öncelikle kalabalık izleyici kitlelerince takip edilen profesyonel spor etkinlikleri olmak üzere, her türlü spor hizmeti sağlayan işletmeler, sportif ürün üreten endüstri kolları, bu ürünlerin pazarlama zincirinde yer alan işletmeler, spor turizmi sektörü, spor teşkilatının her kademesinde çalışan bireyler ve bu sektörle ortak hizmet üreten/yürüten her türlü iş kolu büyük kayıplara uğramıştır. Tarama modeliyle yapılan bu nitel araştırmada, spor sektörünün maddi kayıpları özetlenerek mevcut durumun gerçekçi bir fotoğrafı verilmeye çalışılmış ve henüz sürecin ortasında yer aldığımız bu dönemde geleceğe dair bazı kestirimler ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AIS-Australian Institute of Sport (2020). Covid-19. Erişim adresi, https://ais.gov.au/health-wellbeing/covid-19
  • BBC (2020). Koronavirüs: Tarihin akışını değiştiren beş salgın. Erişim adresi, www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51970490
  • Brown, A. ve Horton, R. (2020). A planetary health perspective on Covıd-19: a call for papers. The Lancet Planetary Health and The Lancet, 395, 1099. doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30742-x
  • Campigotto, J. (2020). Now that the 2020 olympics are postponed, what happens next? Erişim adresi, www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/
  • Chiliz (2020). Covid 19 – spor endüstrisi için hem tehdit hem fırsat. Erişim adresi, www.chiliz.com/tr
  • CNA (2020). Paris 2024 Olympics plans 'obsolete': IOC member Drut. Erişim adresi, www.channelnewsasia.com.
  • Corsini, A., Bisciotti, G.N., Eirale, C., Volpi, P. (2020). Football cannot restart soon during the Covid-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. British Journal of Sports Medicine. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102306
  • Deloitte (2020). Küresel Covid-19 salgınının Türkiye’de farklı kategorilere etkileri. Erişim adresi, www2.deloitte.com/tr
  • Devecioğlu, S. (2020). Dangalaklık sektörü. Erişim adresi, www.futbolekonomi.com
  • Dichter, M. (2020). It's 2021 or never for Tokyo Olympics, says IOC's Dick Pound. Erişim adresi, www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/tokyo-2020-ioc-member-dick-pound-interview-1.5536141?fbclid=IwAR3JwprJBfPpst8UIR7
  • Etchells, D. (2020). Abe rival casts doubt on new dates for Tokyo 2020 Olympics. 25 Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1092674/ishiba-doubts-dates-tokyo-2020-olympics?fbclid=IwAR0OBqRaTzj-NxEsQTO4Eaf1__cr3DI_F6xr3
  • FIFA (2020). Bureau of the FIFA council decisions concerning impact of Covid-19. Erişim adresi, www.fifa.com /who-we-are/news/bureau-of-the-fifa-council-decisions-concerning-impact-of-covid-19
  • Gallego, V., Nishiura, H., Sah R., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J. (2020). The Covid-19 outbreak and implications for the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101604
  • Gilat, R., Cole, B.J. (2020). Covid-19. Medicine and Sports, Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. doi:org/10.1016/j.asmr.2020.04.003.
  • Gough, C. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) disease pandemic effect on the sports industry- Statistics & Facts. Erişim adresi, www.statista.com/topics/6098/impact-of-the-coronavirüs-on-sport.
  • Halabchi, F., Ahmadinejad, Z., Selk-Ghaffari, M. (2020). Covid-19 epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(1), 1-3. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.102630.
  • Hall, S. (2020). This is how Covid-19 is affecting the world of sports. Erişim adresi, www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/sports-covid19-coronavirüs-excersise-specators-media-coverage/
  • IESF-International Esports Federation (2020). Erişim adresi, https://ie-sf.org/about/members
  • IOC-Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi. (2020). Erişim adresi, www.olympic.org/tokyo-2020
  • Ishikawa, H. ve Shimogawara, R. (2019). Risk assessment of dengue autochthonous infections in Tokyo during summer, especially in the period of the 2020 olympic games. Japanese journal of infectious, 72, 399–406. doi:10.7883/yoken.jjıd.2019.09
  • Japan Today (2020). Tokyo, Olympic organizers in rough waters 1 month after postponement. Erişim adresi, https://japantoday.com/category/2020-tokyo-olympics/refiling-tokyo-olympic-organizers-in-rough-waters-1-month-after postponement?
  • Kanalben (2020). E-spor corona sonrası zirve yaptı! Erişim adresi, www.kanalben.com/spor/e-spor-corona-sonrasi-zirve-yapti-iste-gelismeler
  • Kırık, A.M. ve Özkoçak, V. (2020). Yeni dünya düzeni bağlamında sosyal medya ve yeni koronavirüs (covid-19) pandemisi, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 7, Sayı: 45, Nisan 2020, s. 133-154.
  • Lazzerini, M. ve Putoto, G. (2020). Covid-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties. Lancet Glob Health.doi.org/10.1016/ S2214-109X(20)30110-8
  • Lupia. T., Scabini, S., Pinna, S.M., Di Perri G., De Rosa F.G., Corcione, S. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 21, 22–27
  • Mann, R.H., Clift, B.C., Boykoff, J., Bekker, S. (2020). Athletes as community; athletes in community: Covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection. British Journal of Sports Medicine . doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102433
  • McInnes, P. (2020). Tokyo Games chief says postponed Olympics not certain to go ahead in 2021. Erişim adresi, www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/apr/10/tokyo-games-chief-says-postponed-olympics-not-certain-to-go-ahead-in-2021?fbclid=IwAR3xdt57pRcPbMlnwDkgEe8gVgB50zgaC03GM93Drc5nWghmJu5Vw7S-vZY
  • Memish, Z.A., Steffen, R., White, P., Dar, O., Azhar, E.I., Sharma, A., Zumla, A. (2019). Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events. The Lancet, 393, 2073–84.
  • McCloskey, B., Zumla, A., Ippolito, G., Blumberg, L., Arbon, P., Cicero, A. (2020). Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of Covid-19: a political and public health dilemma. The Lancet, 395,1096-1099. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30681-4.
  • Morgan, L. (2019). Esports is coming to the Olympics after all as Paris 2024 reveal ideas to improve fan engagement. Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1075990/liam-morgan-esports-is-coming-to-the-olympics-after-all-as-paris-2024-reveal-ideas-to-improve-fan-engagement
  • Nancy, G. (2020). Japanese virus expert "very pessimistic" about Tokyo 2020 taking place next year. 25 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1093364/japanese-expert-pessimistic-tokyo-2020?fbclid=IwAR2r8JQQ4xrZnEB5_JiJrjA4iWdLsrD5CqQcO60KBlppOIrYx7X2HGEQCaA
  • Özdemir, Ö. ve Pala, A. (2020). Çocuklarda Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun tanısı, tedavisi ve korunma yolları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1,14-21.
  • Parnell, D., Widdop, P., Bond, A., Wilson, R. (2020). Covid-19, networks and sport, Managing Sport and Leisure. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1750100
  • Perc, M., Miksić, N.G., Slavinec, M., Stožer, A. (2020). Forecasting Covid-19. Frontiers in Physics. doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00127
  • Petersen, E., Wilson, M.E., Touch, S., McCloskey, B., Mwaba, P., Bates, M., Dar, O., Mattes ,F., Kidd, M., Ippolito, G., Azhar, E.I., Zumla, A. (2016). Rapid spread of zika virüs in the Americas - implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil olympic games. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 44,11–15.
  • Reyad, O. (2020). Novel Coronavirüs Covıd-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.09501.pdf
  • Sampedro A.C. (2020). Corona: Leaving the current business model of sport offside. Erişim adresi,www.playthegame.org/news/comments/2020/1000_corona-leaving-the-current-business-model-of-sport-offside
  • Stuff (2020). Tokyo delay costs International Olympic Committee 'several hundred million. Erişim adresi, www.stuff.co.nz/sport/olympics/120993416
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı Covid-19. Erişim adresi, http//covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirüs-hastaligi-nedir?
  • Terzioğlu, A. (2020). Covid-19’un etkileri. Erişim adresi, https://gazatesu.sabanciuniv.edu/toplum ve bilim
  • TESFED (2020). E-spor federasyonu. Erişim adresi, www. tesfed.gov.tr
  • TRT-Türkiye Radyo Televizyonu. (2020). Futbol ekonomisine Covid-19 darbesi. Erişim adresi, www.trtspor.com.tr/videolar/futbol-ekonomisine-covid-19-darbesi-39391.html
  • Widdop, P., Bond, A., Parnell, D. (2020). Covid 19 v Euro 20. Erişim adresi, https://footballcollective.org.uk/2020/03/11/covid-19-v-Avro-2020/
  • Wikipedia (2020). Dünyadaki ülke sayısı. Erişim adresi, tr.wikipedia.org/
  • World Health Organization (2020 ). Coronavirüs disease 2019 (Covid-19): situation report, 72. Erişim adresi, www.apps.who.int.
  • Yanagisawa, N., Wada, K., Spengler, J.D., Sanchez-Pina, R. (2018). Health preparedness plan for dengue detection during the 2020 summer olympic and paralympic games in Tokyo. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(9). doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006755
  • Yamamoto-Telli, G. ve Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi,3(1),25-34.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 55 - 67, 20.06.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AIS-Australian Institute of Sport (2020). Covid-19. Erişim adresi, https://ais.gov.au/health-wellbeing/covid-19
  • BBC (2020). Koronavirüs: Tarihin akışını değiştiren beş salgın. Erişim adresi, www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51970490
  • Brown, A. ve Horton, R. (2020). A planetary health perspective on Covıd-19: a call for papers. The Lancet Planetary Health and The Lancet, 395, 1099. doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30742-x
  • Campigotto, J. (2020). Now that the 2020 olympics are postponed, what happens next? Erişim adresi, www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/
  • Chiliz (2020). Covid 19 – spor endüstrisi için hem tehdit hem fırsat. Erişim adresi, www.chiliz.com/tr
  • CNA (2020). Paris 2024 Olympics plans 'obsolete': IOC member Drut. Erişim adresi, www.channelnewsasia.com.
  • Corsini, A., Bisciotti, G.N., Eirale, C., Volpi, P. (2020). Football cannot restart soon during the Covid-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. British Journal of Sports Medicine. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102306
  • Deloitte (2020). Küresel Covid-19 salgınının Türkiye’de farklı kategorilere etkileri. Erişim adresi, www2.deloitte.com/tr
  • Devecioğlu, S. (2020). Dangalaklık sektörü. Erişim adresi, www.futbolekonomi.com
  • Dichter, M. (2020). It's 2021 or never for Tokyo Olympics, says IOC's Dick Pound. Erişim adresi, www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/tokyo-2020-ioc-member-dick-pound-interview-1.5536141?fbclid=IwAR3JwprJBfPpst8UIR7
  • Etchells, D. (2020). Abe rival casts doubt on new dates for Tokyo 2020 Olympics. 25 Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1092674/ishiba-doubts-dates-tokyo-2020-olympics?fbclid=IwAR0OBqRaTzj-NxEsQTO4Eaf1__cr3DI_F6xr3
  • FIFA (2020). Bureau of the FIFA council decisions concerning impact of Covid-19. Erişim adresi, www.fifa.com /who-we-are/news/bureau-of-the-fifa-council-decisions-concerning-impact-of-covid-19
  • Gallego, V., Nishiura, H., Sah R., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J. (2020). The Covid-19 outbreak and implications for the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101604
  • Gilat, R., Cole, B.J. (2020). Covid-19. Medicine and Sports, Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. doi:org/10.1016/j.asmr.2020.04.003.
  • Gough, C. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) disease pandemic effect on the sports industry- Statistics & Facts. Erişim adresi, www.statista.com/topics/6098/impact-of-the-coronavirüs-on-sport.
  • Halabchi, F., Ahmadinejad, Z., Selk-Ghaffari, M. (2020). Covid-19 epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(1), 1-3. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.102630.
  • Hall, S. (2020). This is how Covid-19 is affecting the world of sports. Erişim adresi, www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/sports-covid19-coronavirüs-excersise-specators-media-coverage/
  • IESF-International Esports Federation (2020). Erişim adresi, https://ie-sf.org/about/members
  • IOC-Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi. (2020). Erişim adresi, www.olympic.org/tokyo-2020
  • Ishikawa, H. ve Shimogawara, R. (2019). Risk assessment of dengue autochthonous infections in Tokyo during summer, especially in the period of the 2020 olympic games. Japanese journal of infectious, 72, 399–406. doi:10.7883/yoken.jjıd.2019.09
  • Japan Today (2020). Tokyo, Olympic organizers in rough waters 1 month after postponement. Erişim adresi, https://japantoday.com/category/2020-tokyo-olympics/refiling-tokyo-olympic-organizers-in-rough-waters-1-month-after postponement?
  • Kanalben (2020). E-spor corona sonrası zirve yaptı! Erişim adresi, www.kanalben.com/spor/e-spor-corona-sonrasi-zirve-yapti-iste-gelismeler
  • Kırık, A.M. ve Özkoçak, V. (2020). Yeni dünya düzeni bağlamında sosyal medya ve yeni koronavirüs (covid-19) pandemisi, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 7, Sayı: 45, Nisan 2020, s. 133-154.
  • Lazzerini, M. ve Putoto, G. (2020). Covid-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties. Lancet Glob Health.doi.org/10.1016/ S2214-109X(20)30110-8
  • Lupia. T., Scabini, S., Pinna, S.M., Di Perri G., De Rosa F.G., Corcione, S. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 21, 22–27
  • Mann, R.H., Clift, B.C., Boykoff, J., Bekker, S. (2020). Athletes as community; athletes in community: Covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection. British Journal of Sports Medicine . doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102433
  • McInnes, P. (2020). Tokyo Games chief says postponed Olympics not certain to go ahead in 2021. Erişim adresi, www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/apr/10/tokyo-games-chief-says-postponed-olympics-not-certain-to-go-ahead-in-2021?fbclid=IwAR3xdt57pRcPbMlnwDkgEe8gVgB50zgaC03GM93Drc5nWghmJu5Vw7S-vZY
  • Memish, Z.A., Steffen, R., White, P., Dar, O., Azhar, E.I., Sharma, A., Zumla, A. (2019). Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events. The Lancet, 393, 2073–84.
  • McCloskey, B., Zumla, A., Ippolito, G., Blumberg, L., Arbon, P., Cicero, A. (2020). Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of Covid-19: a political and public health dilemma. The Lancet, 395,1096-1099. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30681-4.
  • Morgan, L. (2019). Esports is coming to the Olympics after all as Paris 2024 reveal ideas to improve fan engagement. Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1075990/liam-morgan-esports-is-coming-to-the-olympics-after-all-as-paris-2024-reveal-ideas-to-improve-fan-engagement
  • Nancy, G. (2020). Japanese virus expert "very pessimistic" about Tokyo 2020 taking place next year. 25 Nisan 2020 tarihinde Erişim adresi, www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1093364/japanese-expert-pessimistic-tokyo-2020?fbclid=IwAR2r8JQQ4xrZnEB5_JiJrjA4iWdLsrD5CqQcO60KBlppOIrYx7X2HGEQCaA
  • Özdemir, Ö. ve Pala, A. (2020). Çocuklarda Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun tanısı, tedavisi ve korunma yolları. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1,14-21.
  • Parnell, D., Widdop, P., Bond, A., Wilson, R. (2020). Covid-19, networks and sport, Managing Sport and Leisure. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1750100
  • Perc, M., Miksić, N.G., Slavinec, M., Stožer, A. (2020). Forecasting Covid-19. Frontiers in Physics. doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00127
  • Petersen, E., Wilson, M.E., Touch, S., McCloskey, B., Mwaba, P., Bates, M., Dar, O., Mattes ,F., Kidd, M., Ippolito, G., Azhar, E.I., Zumla, A. (2016). Rapid spread of zika virüs in the Americas - implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil olympic games. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 44,11–15.
  • Reyad, O. (2020). Novel Coronavirüs Covıd-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.09501.pdf
  • Sampedro A.C. (2020). Corona: Leaving the current business model of sport offside. Erişim adresi,www.playthegame.org/news/comments/2020/1000_corona-leaving-the-current-business-model-of-sport-offside
  • Stuff (2020). Tokyo delay costs International Olympic Committee 'several hundred million. Erişim adresi, www.stuff.co.nz/sport/olympics/120993416
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı Covid-19. Erişim adresi, http//covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirüs-hastaligi-nedir?
  • Terzioğlu, A. (2020). Covid-19’un etkileri. Erişim adresi, https://gazatesu.sabanciuniv.edu/toplum ve bilim
  • TESFED (2020). E-spor federasyonu. Erişim adresi, www. tesfed.gov.tr
  • TRT-Türkiye Radyo Televizyonu. (2020). Futbol ekonomisine Covid-19 darbesi. Erişim adresi, www.trtspor.com.tr/videolar/futbol-ekonomisine-covid-19-darbesi-39391.html
  • Widdop, P., Bond, A., Parnell, D. (2020). Covid 19 v Euro 20. Erişim adresi, https://footballcollective.org.uk/2020/03/11/covid-19-v-Avro-2020/
  • Wikipedia (2020). Dünyadaki ülke sayısı. Erişim adresi, tr.wikipedia.org/
  • World Health Organization (2020 ). Coronavirüs disease 2019 (Covid-19): situation report, 72. Erişim adresi, www.apps.who.int.
  • Yanagisawa, N., Wada, K., Spengler, J.D., Sanchez-Pina, R. (2018). Health preparedness plan for dengue detection during the 2020 summer olympic and paralympic games in Tokyo. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 12(9). doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006755
  • Yamamoto-Telli, G. ve Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirüs ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi,3(1),25-34.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mutlu Türkmen

Arif Özsarı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkmen, M., & Özsarı, A. (2020). Covid-19 Salgını ve Spor Sektörüne Etkileri. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(2), 55-67.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).