Araştırma Makalesi
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Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Yaklaşımı Işığında Çin Kamu Yönetimi Reformları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1178816

Öz

Birçok ülkenin yönetim reformu kapsamında uygulamaya koyduğu yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışı başarılı olduğu kadar başarısız örnekleri de ihtiva etmektedir. Bilhassa 1990’lı yılların sonundan itibaren piyasa odaklı reformların yol açtığı sorunlar nedeniyle tartışılmaya başlanan yeni kamu yönetimi, çeşitli reform girişimleri ile yenilenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çabayı ifade eden çatı kavram ise post yeni kamu yönetimidir. Çalışmada, post yeni kamu yönetiminin ve öngördüğü yönetim sisteminin Çin kamu yönetiminde nasıl tezahür ettiği sorusu temel araştırma gündemini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı ise geleneksel ve yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışları ile post yeni kamu yönetimi kavramını teorik kapsamda inceleyerek, Çin kamu yönetiminin 2000 yılından bu yana gerçekleştirdiği reformları kamu yönetimi yaklaşımları ekseninde analiz etmektir. Çalışmada post yeni kamu yönetimini reformlarını karakterize eden iki ana kategoriye, kurumsal-yapısal ve değer odaklı yönetim reformu, ulaşılmaktadır. Bu kategorilerden hareketle 2000 yılı itibariyle Çin kamu yönetiminde cereyan eden yönetim reformları post yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışı ekseninde çeşitli dokümanlar içerik analizi yoluyla irdelenmektedir. Buna göre kurumsal ve yapısal yönetim reformları çerçevesinde melez bir reform planı ortaya koyan Çin yönetimi, özellikle ilgili reformların inşasında kendine özgü siyasal-yönetsel değerlerden etkin bir şekilde yararlanarak post yeni kamu yönetimi yaklaşımına örnekler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aberbach, J. D., Christensen, T. (2005). “Citizens And Consumers: An NPM Dilemma”. Public Management Review, 7(2), 225-246.
  • Avaner, Tekin ve Özlü, Gökçen (2018). “Buzdağının Görüneni ve Görünmeyeni: Çin Ekonomisi ve Çin Kamu Yönetimi İlişkisi Üzerine”, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Ticaret, Ticaret Hukuku ve İdare Hukuku İlişkileri: Türkiye İçin Dersler, Editörler: Yücel Oğurlu, Gencay Karakaya, Armando Aliu. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bayrak, Burcu (2018). “Yönetim Biliminde Yöntem Sorunu ve Kimlik Krizi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Quo Vadis: Kamu Yönetimi, Derleyenler: Veysel Erat, Cengiz Ekiz, İbrahim Arap, Nika Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Bryson, J. M.,Crosby, B. C., Bloomberg, L. (2014). “Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration And The New Public Management”. Public administration review, 74(4), 445-456.
  • Cheung, A. B. (2005). “The Politics Of Administrative Reforms In Asia: Paradigms And Legacies, Paths And Diversities”. Governance, 18(2), 257-282.
  • China Daily (2017). Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022 https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/19thcpcnationalcongress/2017-10/12/content_33160115.htm.
  • Christensen, T. (2012). “Post-NPM And Changing Public Governance”, Meiji Journal of Political Science and Economics, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Christensen, T., Fan, Y. (2016). “Post-New Public Management: A New Administrative Paradigm For China ?”. International Review of AdministrativeSciences, 84, 389-404.
  • Christensen, T.,Lægreid, P (2007). The Whole-Of-Government Approach To Public Sector Reform. Public Administration Review 67(6): 1057–1064.
  • Christensen, T.,Laegreid, P. (2008). “NPM And Beyond: Structure, Culture AndDemography.” International Review of AdministrativeSciences74 (1): 7–23.
  • Christensen, T.,Lisheng, D., Painter, M. (2008). “Administrative Reform In China's Central Government—How Much Learning From The West ?”. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(3), 351-371.
  • Christensen, T., Lægreid, P. (2022). “Taking stock: New Public Management (NPM) and Post-NPM Reforms-Trends and Challenges”, Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration, Editörler: Andreas Ladner ve Fritz Sager, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Çolak, Ç. D. (2019). “Why the New Public Management Is Obsolete: An Analysis in the Context of the Post-New Public Management Trends. Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava: časopis za teoriju i praksu javne uprave, 19(4), 517-536.
  • Denhardt, J. V.,Denhardt, R. B. (2007). The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering. ME Sharpe. De Vries M, Nemec J (2013) “Public Sector Reform An Overview of Recent Literature and Research on NPM and Alternative Paths”. International Journal of Public Sector Management 26(1): 4–16 .
  • Doğan, K. C. (2017). “Kamu Yönetimi Disiplini Üzerindeki Etkileri Bakımından Dwight Waldo” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 114-136.
  • Dunleavy, P. (1991). Democracy, Bureaucracy and Public Choice. London: Routledge. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315835228.
  • Dunleavy, P. ve Hood, C. (1994). “From Old Public Administration To New Public Management”. Public money & management, 14(3), 9-16.
  • Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ). (t.y.). China. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm Eryılmaz, Bilal (2019). Kamu Yönetimi Düşünceler Yapılar Fonksiyonlar Politikalar. Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Frederickson, H. G. (2010). Social Equity and Public Administration. M. E. Sharpe. New York.
  • Gregory, R. (2003). “All The King’s Horses And All The King’s Men: Putting New Zealand’s Public Sector Back Together Again”. International Public Management Review, 4(2), 41-58.
  • Greve, C. (2010). Whatever happened to new public management? Paper presented at the Danish Political Science Association Meeting, Vejle Fjord, November 4-5, Retrieved from: http://openarchive.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10398/8548/ Carsten_Greve_KonfPap_2010.pdf.
  • Hood, C. (1991). “A Public Management For All Seasons?”, Public Administration, 69(1), 3-19.
  • Hood, C. (1995). “The “New Public Management” In The 1980s: Variations On A Theme”. Accounting, organizations and society, 20(2-3), 93-109.
  • Jun, J. S. (2009). “The Limits of Post: New Public Management and Beyond”. Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2022 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27697847?casa_token=AxqxK10PPyIAAAAA%3Ak-VjmNMjHl2_bV8R5WSuvMdh-_8nqsKiZqaQxJ689Q0-a1ovc3bUWvW-SINK96sKRpPfZrLJoUyzMo1DuZrBvGnFbOcucbZ7d50r3auxlXvsWuVa-E-i&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Kaboolian, L. (1998). “The New Public Management: Challenging The Boundaries Of The Management Vs. Administration Debate”. Public Administration Review, 58(3), 189-193.
  • Kan, H. (2009). Environment and health in China: Challenges and opportunities. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2020 https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.0901615 Karasar, Niyazi. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
  • Klenk, T., ve Reiter, R. (2019). “Post-New Public Management: Reform Ideas and Their Application in The Field of Social Services”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 3-10.
  • Liang, Y. (2014). “Service-Oriented Government in Practice: A Case of Construction of Nanjing Community”. Business and Public Administration Studies, 8(1), 58-68.
  • Lodge, M.,Gill, D. (2011). “Toward A New Era Of Administrative Reform? The Myth Of Post‐NPM İn New Zealand”. Governance, 24(1), 141-166.
  • Lynn Jr, L. E. (2001). “The myth of the bureaucratic paradigm: What traditional public administration really stood for. Public Administration Review”, 61(2), 144-160.
  • Ma, L. ve Christensen, T. (2019). “Same Bed, Different Dreams? Structural Factors and Leadership Characteristics of Central Government Agency Reform in China”. International Public Management Journal, 22(4), 643-663.
  • McCourt, W. (2005). “New Public Management in Developing Countries. In New Public Management: Current Trends and Future Prospects”, K. McLaughlin, S. P. Osborne and E. Ferlie, eds. London: Routledge.
  • McCourt, W. (2013). Models of Public Service Reform: A Problem-Solving Approach. Policy Research Working Paper, No. 6428. Washington D.C: The World Bank Moore, M. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management İn Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Nagel, Jack H. (1997). "Radically Reinventing Government: Editor's Introduction." Journal of Policy Analysisand Management, 16(3): 349-356.
  • Ngok, K., G. Zhu. (2007). “Marketization, Globalization and Administrative Reform in China: A Zigzag Road to a Promising Future.” International Review of AdministrativeScience 73(2):217–233.
  • Osborne, D., Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing Government: How The Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming The Public Sector. Addison-WesleyPub. Reading, MA.
  • Osborne, S. (2010). The new public governance? Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. London: Routledge.
  • Özgür, Hüseyin., Öztepe Ciğeroğlu, Mısra (2015). “Amerikan Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Hareketi (YKYH): Sosyal Adalet ve Hakkaniyet Odaklı Bir Kamu Yönetimi Arayışı”, Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Arayışları Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği ve Ötesi, Editörler: Özer Köseoğlu ve Mehmet Zahid Sobacı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Peters, B. Guy (1996). "Models of Governance for the 1990s." In Donald F. Kettland H. Brinton Milward, The State of Public Management. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Peters, B. Guy, Donald, Savoie. (1996). “Managing Incoherence: The Coordination and Empowerment Conundrum.” Public Administration Review 56(3): 281–89.
  • Pfiffner, J. P. (1999). “Traditional Public Administration Versus The New Public Management: Accountability Versus Efficiency”. Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2022 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a27a/804da5ca80a5eb04674f6f861531b3747525.pdf
  • Pollitt, C. (1993). Managerialism and the Public Services Tbe Anglo-American Experience. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Pollitt, C., Bouckaert, G. (2017). Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis-Into The Age Of Austerity. Oxford University Press.
  • Qiu, X.,Li, H. (2009). “China's Environmental Super Ministry Reform: Background, Challenges, And The Future”. Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/elrna39&div=36&id=&page=
  • Reiter, R.,Klenk, T. (2019). “The Manifold Meanings Of ‘Post-New Public Management’–A Systematic Literature Review”. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 11-27.
  • Robinson, M. (2015). “From Old Public Administration To The New Public Service: Implications For Public Sector Reform In Developing Countries”. UNDP Global CentreforPublic Service Excellence. Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022 https://cluelesspoliticalscientist.wordpress.com/2017/02/08/from-old-public-administration-to-the-new-public-service-by-mark-robinson-a-summary/ Salamon, Lester M. (2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sezen, Seriye. (2011). Küresel Bir Güç Olma Yolundaki Çin. Mülkiyeliler Birliği Yayını, 1(1), 993-1025.
  • Sezen, Seriye (2009). Çin’in İkinci Uzun Yürüyüşü. TODAİE, Ankara.
  • Sezen, Seriye (2007). “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Sosyalist Piyasa Ekonomisine Dönüşüm”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 40(1), 27-56.
  • Shafritz, J. M., ve Hyde, A. C. (2017). Classics of Public Administration. Cengage Learning, Boston.
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Chinese Public Management Reforms in the Light of the Post New Public Management Approach

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1178816

Öz

The new public management approach, which many countries put into practice within the scope of management reform, includes successful as well as unsuccessful examples. The new public management, which started to be criticized especially in the late 1990s due to the problems caused by market-oriented reforms, is being tried to be revised with various reform initiatives. The umbrella concept that expresses this effort is post new public management. In the study, the question of how the management system envisaged by the post-new public management manifests in the Chinese public administration constitutes the main research agenda. In this context, the aim of the study is to analyze the traditional and new public management approaches and the concept of post-new public management in a theoretical context, and to analyze the reforms carried out by the Chinese public administration since 2000 in the axis of public management approaches. In the study, two main categories that characterize post new public management reforms, institutional-structural and value-oriented management reform, are reached. Based on these categories, the administrative reforms that took place in the Chinese public administration as of 2000s are examined through content analysis in the axis of post-new public management approach. Accordingly, the Chinese administration, which has put forward a hybrid reform plan within the framework of institutional and structural management reforms, offers examples of the post-new public management approach by making effective use of its unique political-administrative values, especially in the construction of the relevant reforms.

Kaynakça

  • Aberbach, J. D., Christensen, T. (2005). “Citizens And Consumers: An NPM Dilemma”. Public Management Review, 7(2), 225-246.
  • Avaner, Tekin ve Özlü, Gökçen (2018). “Buzdağının Görüneni ve Görünmeyeni: Çin Ekonomisi ve Çin Kamu Yönetimi İlişkisi Üzerine”, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Ticaret, Ticaret Hukuku ve İdare Hukuku İlişkileri: Türkiye İçin Dersler, Editörler: Yücel Oğurlu, Gencay Karakaya, Armando Aliu. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Bayrak, Burcu (2018). “Yönetim Biliminde Yöntem Sorunu ve Kimlik Krizi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Quo Vadis: Kamu Yönetimi, Derleyenler: Veysel Erat, Cengiz Ekiz, İbrahim Arap, Nika Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Bryson, J. M.,Crosby, B. C., Bloomberg, L. (2014). “Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration And The New Public Management”. Public administration review, 74(4), 445-456.
  • Cheung, A. B. (2005). “The Politics Of Administrative Reforms In Asia: Paradigms And Legacies, Paths And Diversities”. Governance, 18(2), 257-282.
  • China Daily (2017). Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022 https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/19thcpcnationalcongress/2017-10/12/content_33160115.htm.
  • Christensen, T. (2012). “Post-NPM And Changing Public Governance”, Meiji Journal of Political Science and Economics, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Christensen, T., Fan, Y. (2016). “Post-New Public Management: A New Administrative Paradigm For China ?”. International Review of AdministrativeSciences, 84, 389-404.
  • Christensen, T.,Lægreid, P (2007). The Whole-Of-Government Approach To Public Sector Reform. Public Administration Review 67(6): 1057–1064.
  • Christensen, T.,Laegreid, P. (2008). “NPM And Beyond: Structure, Culture AndDemography.” International Review of AdministrativeSciences74 (1): 7–23.
  • Christensen, T.,Lisheng, D., Painter, M. (2008). “Administrative Reform In China's Central Government—How Much Learning From The West ?”. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(3), 351-371.
  • Christensen, T., Lægreid, P. (2022). “Taking stock: New Public Management (NPM) and Post-NPM Reforms-Trends and Challenges”, Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration, Editörler: Andreas Ladner ve Fritz Sager, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK.
  • Çolak, Ç. D. (2019). “Why the New Public Management Is Obsolete: An Analysis in the Context of the Post-New Public Management Trends. Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava: časopis za teoriju i praksu javne uprave, 19(4), 517-536.
  • Denhardt, J. V.,Denhardt, R. B. (2007). The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering. ME Sharpe. De Vries M, Nemec J (2013) “Public Sector Reform An Overview of Recent Literature and Research on NPM and Alternative Paths”. International Journal of Public Sector Management 26(1): 4–16 .
  • Doğan, K. C. (2017). “Kamu Yönetimi Disiplini Üzerindeki Etkileri Bakımından Dwight Waldo” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 114-136.
  • Dunleavy, P. (1991). Democracy, Bureaucracy and Public Choice. London: Routledge. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315835228.
  • Dunleavy, P. ve Hood, C. (1994). “From Old Public Administration To New Public Management”. Public money & management, 14(3), 9-16.
  • Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ). (t.y.). China. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2022. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm Eryılmaz, Bilal (2019). Kamu Yönetimi Düşünceler Yapılar Fonksiyonlar Politikalar. Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Frederickson, H. G. (2010). Social Equity and Public Administration. M. E. Sharpe. New York.
  • Gregory, R. (2003). “All The King’s Horses And All The King’s Men: Putting New Zealand’s Public Sector Back Together Again”. International Public Management Review, 4(2), 41-58.
  • Greve, C. (2010). Whatever happened to new public management? Paper presented at the Danish Political Science Association Meeting, Vejle Fjord, November 4-5, Retrieved from: http://openarchive.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10398/8548/ Carsten_Greve_KonfPap_2010.pdf.
  • Hood, C. (1991). “A Public Management For All Seasons?”, Public Administration, 69(1), 3-19.
  • Hood, C. (1995). “The “New Public Management” In The 1980s: Variations On A Theme”. Accounting, organizations and society, 20(2-3), 93-109.
  • Jun, J. S. (2009). “The Limits of Post: New Public Management and Beyond”. Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2022 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27697847?casa_token=AxqxK10PPyIAAAAA%3Ak-VjmNMjHl2_bV8R5WSuvMdh-_8nqsKiZqaQxJ689Q0-a1ovc3bUWvW-SINK96sKRpPfZrLJoUyzMo1DuZrBvGnFbOcucbZ7d50r3auxlXvsWuVa-E-i&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Kaboolian, L. (1998). “The New Public Management: Challenging The Boundaries Of The Management Vs. Administration Debate”. Public Administration Review, 58(3), 189-193.
  • Kan, H. (2009). Environment and health in China: Challenges and opportunities. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2020 https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.0901615 Karasar, Niyazi. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
  • Klenk, T., ve Reiter, R. (2019). “Post-New Public Management: Reform Ideas and Their Application in The Field of Social Services”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 3-10.
  • Liang, Y. (2014). “Service-Oriented Government in Practice: A Case of Construction of Nanjing Community”. Business and Public Administration Studies, 8(1), 58-68.
  • Lodge, M.,Gill, D. (2011). “Toward A New Era Of Administrative Reform? The Myth Of Post‐NPM İn New Zealand”. Governance, 24(1), 141-166.
  • Lynn Jr, L. E. (2001). “The myth of the bureaucratic paradigm: What traditional public administration really stood for. Public Administration Review”, 61(2), 144-160.
  • Ma, L. ve Christensen, T. (2019). “Same Bed, Different Dreams? Structural Factors and Leadership Characteristics of Central Government Agency Reform in China”. International Public Management Journal, 22(4), 643-663.
  • McCourt, W. (2005). “New Public Management in Developing Countries. In New Public Management: Current Trends and Future Prospects”, K. McLaughlin, S. P. Osborne and E. Ferlie, eds. London: Routledge.
  • McCourt, W. (2013). Models of Public Service Reform: A Problem-Solving Approach. Policy Research Working Paper, No. 6428. Washington D.C: The World Bank Moore, M. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management İn Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Nagel, Jack H. (1997). "Radically Reinventing Government: Editor's Introduction." Journal of Policy Analysisand Management, 16(3): 349-356.
  • Ngok, K., G. Zhu. (2007). “Marketization, Globalization and Administrative Reform in China: A Zigzag Road to a Promising Future.” International Review of AdministrativeScience 73(2):217–233.
  • Osborne, D., Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing Government: How The Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming The Public Sector. Addison-WesleyPub. Reading, MA.
  • Osborne, S. (2010). The new public governance? Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. London: Routledge.
  • Özgür, Hüseyin., Öztepe Ciğeroğlu, Mısra (2015). “Amerikan Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Hareketi (YKYH): Sosyal Adalet ve Hakkaniyet Odaklı Bir Kamu Yönetimi Arayışı”, Kamu Yönetiminde Paradigma Arayışları Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği ve Ötesi, Editörler: Özer Köseoğlu ve Mehmet Zahid Sobacı, Dora Yayınları, Bursa.
  • Peters, B. Guy (1996). "Models of Governance for the 1990s." In Donald F. Kettland H. Brinton Milward, The State of Public Management. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Peters, B. Guy, Donald, Savoie. (1996). “Managing Incoherence: The Coordination and Empowerment Conundrum.” Public Administration Review 56(3): 281–89.
  • Pfiffner, J. P. (1999). “Traditional Public Administration Versus The New Public Management: Accountability Versus Efficiency”. Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2022 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a27a/804da5ca80a5eb04674f6f861531b3747525.pdf
  • Pollitt, C. (1993). Managerialism and the Public Services Tbe Anglo-American Experience. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Pollitt, C., Bouckaert, G. (2017). Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis-Into The Age Of Austerity. Oxford University Press.
  • Qiu, X.,Li, H. (2009). “China's Environmental Super Ministry Reform: Background, Challenges, And The Future”. Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022 https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/elrna39&div=36&id=&page=
  • Reiter, R.,Klenk, T. (2019). “The Manifold Meanings Of ‘Post-New Public Management’–A Systematic Literature Review”. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 11-27.
  • Robinson, M. (2015). “From Old Public Administration To The New Public Service: Implications For Public Sector Reform In Developing Countries”. UNDP Global CentreforPublic Service Excellence. Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2022 https://cluelesspoliticalscientist.wordpress.com/2017/02/08/from-old-public-administration-to-the-new-public-service-by-mark-robinson-a-summary/ Salamon, Lester M. (2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sezen, Seriye. (2011). Küresel Bir Güç Olma Yolundaki Çin. Mülkiyeliler Birliği Yayını, 1(1), 993-1025.
  • Sezen, Seriye (2009). Çin’in İkinci Uzun Yürüyüşü. TODAİE, Ankara.
  • Sezen, Seriye (2007). “Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Sosyalist Piyasa Ekonomisine Dönüşüm”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 40(1), 27-56.
  • Shafritz, J. M., ve Hyde, A. C. (2017). Classics of Public Administration. Cengage Learning, Boston.
  • Steccolini, I. (2019). “Accounting And The Post-New Public Management”. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. 255-279.
  • Şat, Nur. (2021). “Postmodern Kamu Yönetimi Söylemi Bağlamında Post-YKİ Paradigmaları” (İçinde: Postmodern Kamu Yönetimi), (Editörler: Prof. Dr. Bekir Parlak, Doç Dr. Kadir Caner Doğan), Ankara: Nobel Akademi Yayıncılık, 67-97.
  • Tian, X.,Christensen, T. (2020). “Myths, İnstrumental Reality, Or Cultural Change? Modern Service-Oriented Government Reforms In China”. International Public Management Journal, 1-18.
  • The State Council of the People's Republic of China (2022). “Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China”, Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2023.https://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202210/25/content_WS6357df20c6d0a757729e1bfc.html
  • Wang, B.,Christensen, T. (2017). “The Open Public Value Account And Comprehensive Social Development: An Assessment Of China And The United States”. Administration &Society, 49(6), 852-881.
  • Xiang, J.,Wu, J. (2013). “A Public Service-Oriented Government Building Path İn Chinese City: An Example From Public Rental Housing Of Chongqing”. Canadian Social Science, 9(4), 7-14.
  • Xiaolong, T.,Christensen, T. (2019). “Beyond NPM to Post-NPM ? A Study of China’s Government Reforms Over the Past 40 Years”. The American Review of Public Administration, 49(7), 855-865.
  • Yang, L., Van Der Wal, Z. (2014). “Rule Of Morality Vs. Rule Of Law? An Exploratory Study Of Civil Servant Values In China And The Netherlands”. Public Integrity, 16(2), 187-206.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Maksud Emre Mülazımoğlu 0000-0002-4168-3720

Cihan Necmi Günal 0000-0002-6541-623X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mülazımoğlu, M. E., & Günal, C. N. (2023). Post Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Yaklaşımı Işığında Çin Kamu Yönetimi Reformları. Uluslararası Politik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.25272/icps.1178816

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