Araştırma Makalesi
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Antrenörlerin Sportmenlik Öz-Yeterliği: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 78 - 91, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1160927

Öz

Sporun bütün paydaşları oyunun rekabetçi doğasının neden olduğu gerilimlere ve dramatik yankılanmalara tepki verirken yüzleşmeleri gereken birçok benzersiz ahlaki zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu paydaşların en önemlileri oyunun içinde yer alan sporcular ve oyuna ve sporculara rehberlik eden antrenörlerdir. Bu bağlamda sportmenlik anlayışı, oyunun en önemli otoritesini temsil eden antrenörlerin ahlaki perspektiften değerlendirilebilmesini mümkün kılan önemli parametreler arasında yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla mevcut araştırmada bu değerlendirmeye olanak sağlayan bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, ölçeğin faktör yapısını (1. Çalışma, AFA n=314 DFA n=172) ve yapı geçerliliğini (2. Çalışma n=378) test etmek için iki çalışma ile yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, ölçeğin 4 faktör altında birleşen 24 maddeden oluştuğunu ayrıca madde ve faktör istatistiklerinin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanı sıra korelasyon analizi sonuçları, ilgili yapının antrenörlerin mesleki yaşantılarında karşılaşabileceği olası ahlaki ve sosyal durumlarda tepkilerini değerlendiren bazı özelliklerle (kolektivizm, uyumluluk, empatik düşünce, ahlaki kimlik) ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçülebilir hale dönüştürülen bu yapının, spor bilimleri alanının ilgili literatürüne katkı sağlamasının yanı sıra antrenörlük seminerleri düzenleyen kurumlara da rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

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Coach Sportsmanship Self-Efficacy: Scale Development Study

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 78 - 91, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1160927

Öz

Because of the competitive nature of the sport, all stakeholders experience many unique moral challenges, during to respond to the tensions and dramatic repercussions. Athletes take part in the competitions, and the coaches, guide the athletes and competitions, are forming the most important component of the stakeholders. Sportsmanship is among the important parameters that make it possible to evaluate the coaches, who represent the most important authority of the game, from a moral perspective. Therefore, in the present study, it was aimed to develop a scale that allows this evaluation. The research was conducted with two studies to test the factor structure (study 1-EFA n=314 CFA n=172) and construct validity (study 2 n=378). The results show that the scale consists of 24 items united under 4 factors and that the item and factor statistics are valid and reliable. In addition, the results of the correlation analysis show that the structure is related to some characteristics (collectivism, Agreeableness, empathic concern, moral identity) that evaluate the reactions of the coaches in possible moral and social situations that they may encounter in their professional lives. It is thought that this structure, which has been transformed into a measurable form, will contribute to the relevant literature in the field of sports sciences, as well as guide the institutions that organize coaching seminars.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aktaş, İ. ve Sezen-Balçıkanlı, G. (2018). The levels of empathy and social problem solving skills of physical education and sports teac-her candidates. Journal on Educational Psychology, 11(4), 8-14.
  • 2. Aquino, K. ve Reed, A. II. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1423-1440.
  • 3. Bandura, A. (1977a). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • 4. Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. W. M. Kurtines ve J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development içinde (s. 45-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erl-baum.
  • 5. Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior içinde (Cilt. 4, s. 71–81). New York: Academic.
  • 6. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • 7. Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. F. Pajares ve T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents içinde (s. 307-337). Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age.
  • 8. Bandura, A. (1977b). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • 9. Batson, C. D. (2010). Empathy induced altruistic motivation. M. Mikulincer ve P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: The better angels of our nature içinde (s. 15–34). American Psychological Association.
  • 10. Batson, C. D., Eklund, J. H., Chermok, V. L., Hoyt, J. L. ve Ortiz, B. G. (2007). An additional antecedent of empathic concern: Valuing the welfare of the person in need. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 65–74.
  • 11. Blasi, A. (1983). Moral cognition and moral action: A theoretical perspective. Developmental Review, 3(2), 178-210.
  • 12. Boardley, I. D. (2018). Coaching efficacy research: learning from the past and looking to the future. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 214-237.
  • 13. Boardley, I. D. ve Kavussanu, M. (2009). The influence of social variables and moral disengagement on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in field hockey and netball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(8), 843-854.
  • 14. Bolter, N. D. ve Weiss, M. R. (2013). Coaching behaviors and adolescent athletes' sportspersonship outcomes: Further valida-tion of the Sportsmanship Coaching Behaviors Scale (SCBS). Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2(1), 32-47.
  • 15. Bolter, N. D., Kipp, L. ve Johnson, T. (2018). Teaching sportsmanship in physical education and youth sport: Comparing perceptions of teachers with students and coaches with athletes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 209-217.
  • 16. Carpita, M. ve Manisera, M. (2011). On the imputation of missing data in surveys with Likert-type scales. Journal of Classification, 28(1), 93-112.
  • 17. Ciairano, S., Gemelli, F., Molinengo, G. ve Musella, G. (2007). Sport, stress, self-efficacy and aggression towards peers: unravelling the role of the coach. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 11(1), 175-194.
  • 18. Clifford, C. ve Feezell, R. M. (2010). Sport and character: Reclaiming the principles of sportsmanship. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • 19. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2. Baskı). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • 20. Costa Jr, P. T., McCrae, R. R. ve Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), 887-898.
  • 21. Coyne, S. M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Holmgren, H. G., Davis, E. J., Collier, K. M., Memmott-Elison, M. K. ve Hawkins, A. J. (2018). A meta analysis of prosocial media on prosocial behavior, aggression, and empathic concern: A multidimensional approach. Developmental Psychology, 54(2), 331–347.
  • 22. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • 23. Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126.
  • 24. De Vellis, R. (2017). Scale development. Theory and applications (4. Baskı). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • 25. Decety, J. ve Cowell, J. M. (2014). The complex relation between morality and empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 337-339.
  • 26. Durkheim, E. (2014). The rules of sociological method (2. Baskı). S. Lukes (Ed.) (Çev. W. D. Halls), New York: The Free.
  • 27. Eisenberg, N. Fabes, R. A. ve Spinrad, T. L. (2006). Prosocial deve-lopment. N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, ve R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Hand-book of child psychology: Vol. 3, Social, emotional, and personality development içinde (6. Baskı) (s. 646–718). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • 28. Engeler, A. (2005). Psikopati ve antisosyal kişilik bozukluğu (Dok-tora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
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Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsmail Aktaş 0000-0002-5471-5787

Gülfem Sezen Balçıkanlı 0000-0002-0006-2856

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aktaş, İ., & Sezen Balçıkanlı, G. (2023). Antrenörlerin Sportmenlik Öz-Yeterliği: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(2), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1160927

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi yılda dört kez yayımlanan bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergidir.


Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.