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Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonası Seçmelerine Katılan 11-12 Yaş Yüzücülerin Barajı Geçme Durumlarına Göre Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 26 - 43, 20.06.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara ilinde yapılan Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonası vize yarışlarına katılan 11‑12 yaş
grubundaki sporcuların fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya katılımı kabul eden
84 sporcuya antropometrik testler, esneklik, disklere dokunma testi, el kavrama kuvveti testi, 30 s. mekik
ve 30 s. şınav testi, 30 m sprint, aerobik kapasite testleri uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların kulaç frekansları,
il içi vize yüzme yarışlarında kaydedilmiş olan videolar analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir. Shapiro‑Wilk testi
sonuçlarına göre, veriler normal dağılım göstermediği için gruplar arası farklılıkların incelenmesinde
Mann-Whitney U testi, ilişki düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Spearman rho testi kullanılmıştır. Erkek
yüzücülerin baraj geçme durumları ile boy uzunluğu, esneklik, dominant el kavrama kuvveti, dominant
olmayan el kavrama kuvveti, 30 m sürat koşusu, kol açıklığı ve kulaç frekansı değişkenleri arasında; kız
yüzücülerin baraj geçme performansları ile otur eriş testi, dominant ve dominant olmayan el kavrama
kuvveti, 30 m sürat koşusu, disklere dokunma ve kulaç frekansı arasında p<0,01 düzeyinde anlamlı fark
bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yüzme performansında en etkili olan parametrenin kulaç frekansı olduğu
görülmüştür. Esneklik ve 30 metre koşusunun hem kızlar hem de erkeklerde yüzme performansına
önemli etkisi varken, erkeklerde vücut boyunun ve kol açıklığının performans üzerinde etkisinin olduğu
bulunmuştur. VO2max, vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ oranı ve vücut kütle indeksi gibi aerobik ve antropometrik
verilerin cinsiyet ve yaşa göre etkisi görülmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkada, C. ve Hazır, T. (2016). Uzun Süreli Sporcu Gelişim Programları: Hangi Bilimsel Temellere Oturuyor? Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 84-100.
  • Aktug, Z.B., Iri, R., & Top, E. (2015). The investigation of the relationship between children’s 50 m freestyle swimming performances and motor performances. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4(1), 41-44.
  • Badau, A. (2016). The influence of anthropometric indices on execution technique specific to crawl swimming for students of physical education and sport specialization. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, (4)4, 381-389.
  • Barbosa, T.M., Fernandes, R.J., Keskinen, K.L., & Vilas-Boas, J.P. (2008). The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 139-149.
  • Baxter-Jones A.D.G., Burrows, M., Bachrach, LK, Lloyd, T., Petit, M., Macdonald, H. et al. (2010). International longitudinal pediatric reference standards for bone mineral content. Bone, 46, 208-216.
  • Behm, D.G., Bradbury, E.E., Haynes, A.T., Hodder, J.N., Leonard, A.M., & Paddock, N.R. (2006). Flexibility is not related to stretch-induced deficits in force or power. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 33‑42.
  • Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Nyström, C., Sanchez-Delgado, G., Martinez-Tellez, B., Mora-Gonzalez, J. et al. (2015). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness level in preschool children from the north compared with the south of Europe: an exploration with two countries. Pediatric Obesity, 11, 103-410.
  • Chatard, J.C., Collomp, C., Maglischo, E., & Maglischo, C. (1990). Swimming skills and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(2), 156-161.
  • Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22, 45-51.
  • Costa, M.J., Balasekaran, G., Vilas-Boas, J.P., & Barbosa, T.M. (2015). Physiological adaptations to training in competitive swimming: a systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49, 179-194.
  • Craig, A.B. & Pendergast, D.R. (1979). Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports, 11(3), 278-283.
  • Dassanayake T.D.M.S.B., Rajarathna A.A.J., & Rajarathna S.A. (2016). Comparison of BMI and body fat percentages between national level teenage swimmers and controls. Advances in Obesity Weight Management and Control, 4(6), 148-152.
  • Gagnon, C.M., Steiper, M.E., & Pontzer, H. (2018). Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off across a wide range of event distances. Proc R Soc B, 285, 1-5.
  • Gajdosik, R.L., Lentz, D.J., McFarley, D.C., Meyer, K.M., & Riggin, T.J. (2006). Dynamic elastic and static viscoelastic stress-relaxation properties of the calf muscle–tendon unit of men and women. Isokin Exerc Sci, 14, 33–44.
  • Garrido, N.D., Marinho, D.A., Barbosa, T.M., Costa, A.M., Silva, A.J, Turpin, J.A.P. et al. (2010). Relationships between dry land strenght, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 5(2), 240-249.
  • Geladas, N.D., Nassis, G.P. ve Pavlicevic, S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 26, 139-144.
  • Hannula, D. (1995). Coaching Swimming Successfully. Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hannula, D., & Thornton, N. (2001). The Swim Coaching Bible. Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hannula, D., & Thornton, N. (2012). The Swim Coaching Bible (2). Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hellard, P., Dekerle, J., Avalos, M., Caudal, N., Knopp, M., & Hausswirth, C. (2008). Kinematic measures and stroke rate variability in elite female 200-m swimmers in the four swimming techniques: Athens 2004 olympic semi-finalists and French national 2004 championship semi-finalists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 35-46.
  • Hoge, K.M., Ryan, E.D., Costa, P.B., Herda, T.J., Walter, A.A., Stout, J.R. et al. (2010). Gender differences in musculotendinous stiffness and range of motion after an acute bout of stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2618-2626.
  • International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). (2001). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Avustralya: ISAK.
  • Jürimae, T., Hurbo, T., & Jürimae, J. (2008). Relationship of hand grip strength with anthropometric and body composition variables in prepubertal children. Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 60, 225-238.
  • Kaya, B. (2012). 9-11 yaş grubu serbest yüzücülerde kulaç uzunluğu ve sıklığının performansa etkisi. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(2), 27-36.
  • Kılınç, F. (2008). An intensive combined training program modulates physical, physiological, biomotoric, and technical parameters in women basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1769-1778.
  • Leger, L.A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 m shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 6, 93-101.
  • Maglischo, E.W. (2018). Swimming Fastest. İstanbul: Ekin Yazım Merkezi.
  • McGibbon, K.E., Pyne, D.B., Shephard, M.E., & Thompson, K.G. (2018). Pacing in swimming: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48, 1621-1633.
  • Mezzaroba, P.V. & Machado, F.A. (2014). Effect of age, anthropometry, and distance in stroke parameters of young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 702-706.
  • Morouço, P.G., Marinho, D.A., Amaro, N.M., Perez-Turpin, J.A., & Marques, M.C. (2012). Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 7(2), 553-559.
  • Moura, T., Costa, M., Oliveira, S., Júnior, M.B., Ritti-Dias, R., & Santos, M. (2014). Height and body composition determine arm propulsive force in youth swimmers independent of a maturation stage. Journal of Human Kinetics, 42(1), 277-284.
  • Piekorz, Z., Lewandowski, A., Radziminska, A., Rajek, M.W., Siedlaczek, M., & Moska, M. (2017). Functional mobility and flexibility in young female swimmers. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(24), 39-43.

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old Swimmers Participated in the Turkish Swimming Championship Qualification Round

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 26 - 43, 20.06.2020

Öz

The aim of this study was to assess the physical and physiological characteristics of 11 – and 12-year-old
swimmers who participated in the Turkish Swimming Championship qualification round held in Ankara.
Anthropometric measurements, flexibility, plate tapping, handgrip strength, 30 m sprint, and 20 m shuttle
run tests were applied to the subjects. Stroke rates of the participants were measured by analysing the video
recorded during the qualification round. Since Shapiro-Wilk results revealed that the data did not meet
the assumption of normality, Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between groups
and Spearman’s rho to assess the correlation between variables. It was found that there were significant
differences (p<.01) between male swimmers’ heights, sit and reach performances, dominant and nondominant
hand grip strengths, 30 m sprint times, stroke lengths and stroke frequencies by qualification
status. There were significant differences (p<.01) between female swimmers’ sit and reach performances,
dominant and non-dominant hand grip strengths, 30 m sprint times, plate tapping times and stroke
frequencies. It was found that the most effective parameter in swimming performance was the stroke
frequency. Flexibility and 30-meter dash had significant effects on swimming performances in both males
and females. In males, body height and arm width had an effect on swimming performance. VO2max, body
weight, body fat ratio and body mass index were found to have no effect on any sexes or age groups.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkada, C. ve Hazır, T. (2016). Uzun Süreli Sporcu Gelişim Programları: Hangi Bilimsel Temellere Oturuyor? Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 84-100.
  • Aktug, Z.B., Iri, R., & Top, E. (2015). The investigation of the relationship between children’s 50 m freestyle swimming performances and motor performances. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 4(1), 41-44.
  • Badau, A. (2016). The influence of anthropometric indices on execution technique specific to crawl swimming for students of physical education and sport specialization. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, (4)4, 381-389.
  • Barbosa, T.M., Fernandes, R.J., Keskinen, K.L., & Vilas-Boas, J.P. (2008). The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 139-149.
  • Baxter-Jones A.D.G., Burrows, M., Bachrach, LK, Lloyd, T., Petit, M., Macdonald, H. et al. (2010). International longitudinal pediatric reference standards for bone mineral content. Bone, 46, 208-216.
  • Behm, D.G., Bradbury, E.E., Haynes, A.T., Hodder, J.N., Leonard, A.M., & Paddock, N.R. (2006). Flexibility is not related to stretch-induced deficits in force or power. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 33‑42.
  • Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Nyström, C., Sanchez-Delgado, G., Martinez-Tellez, B., Mora-Gonzalez, J. et al. (2015). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness level in preschool children from the north compared with the south of Europe: an exploration with two countries. Pediatric Obesity, 11, 103-410.
  • Chatard, J.C., Collomp, C., Maglischo, E., & Maglischo, C. (1990). Swimming skills and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(2), 156-161.
  • Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J.C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22, 45-51.
  • Costa, M.J., Balasekaran, G., Vilas-Boas, J.P., & Barbosa, T.M. (2015). Physiological adaptations to training in competitive swimming: a systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49, 179-194.
  • Craig, A.B. & Pendergast, D.R. (1979). Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports, 11(3), 278-283.
  • Dassanayake T.D.M.S.B., Rajarathna A.A.J., & Rajarathna S.A. (2016). Comparison of BMI and body fat percentages between national level teenage swimmers and controls. Advances in Obesity Weight Management and Control, 4(6), 148-152.
  • Gagnon, C.M., Steiper, M.E., & Pontzer, H. (2018). Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off across a wide range of event distances. Proc R Soc B, 285, 1-5.
  • Gajdosik, R.L., Lentz, D.J., McFarley, D.C., Meyer, K.M., & Riggin, T.J. (2006). Dynamic elastic and static viscoelastic stress-relaxation properties of the calf muscle–tendon unit of men and women. Isokin Exerc Sci, 14, 33–44.
  • Garrido, N.D., Marinho, D.A., Barbosa, T.M., Costa, A.M., Silva, A.J, Turpin, J.A.P. et al. (2010). Relationships between dry land strenght, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 5(2), 240-249.
  • Geladas, N.D., Nassis, G.P. ve Pavlicevic, S. (2005). Somatic and physical traits affecting sprint swimming performance in young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 26, 139-144.
  • Hannula, D. (1995). Coaching Swimming Successfully. Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hannula, D., & Thornton, N. (2001). The Swim Coaching Bible. Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hannula, D., & Thornton, N. (2012). The Swim Coaching Bible (2). Illinois, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Hellard, P., Dekerle, J., Avalos, M., Caudal, N., Knopp, M., & Hausswirth, C. (2008). Kinematic measures and stroke rate variability in elite female 200-m swimmers in the four swimming techniques: Athens 2004 olympic semi-finalists and French national 2004 championship semi-finalists. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 35-46.
  • Hoge, K.M., Ryan, E.D., Costa, P.B., Herda, T.J., Walter, A.A., Stout, J.R. et al. (2010). Gender differences in musculotendinous stiffness and range of motion after an acute bout of stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2618-2626.
  • International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). (2001). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Avustralya: ISAK.
  • Jürimae, T., Hurbo, T., & Jürimae, J. (2008). Relationship of hand grip strength with anthropometric and body composition variables in prepubertal children. Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 60, 225-238.
  • Kaya, B. (2012). 9-11 yaş grubu serbest yüzücülerde kulaç uzunluğu ve sıklığının performansa etkisi. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7(2), 27-36.
  • Kılınç, F. (2008). An intensive combined training program modulates physical, physiological, biomotoric, and technical parameters in women basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1769-1778.
  • Leger, L.A., Mercier, D., Gadoury, C., & Lambert, J. (1988). The multistage 20 m shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 6, 93-101.
  • Maglischo, E.W. (2018). Swimming Fastest. İstanbul: Ekin Yazım Merkezi.
  • McGibbon, K.E., Pyne, D.B., Shephard, M.E., & Thompson, K.G. (2018). Pacing in swimming: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48, 1621-1633.
  • Mezzaroba, P.V. & Machado, F.A. (2014). Effect of age, anthropometry, and distance in stroke parameters of young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 702-706.
  • Morouço, P.G., Marinho, D.A., Amaro, N.M., Perez-Turpin, J.A., & Marques, M.C. (2012). Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 7(2), 553-559.
  • Moura, T., Costa, M., Oliveira, S., Júnior, M.B., Ritti-Dias, R., & Santos, M. (2014). Height and body composition determine arm propulsive force in youth swimmers independent of a maturation stage. Journal of Human Kinetics, 42(1), 277-284.
  • Piekorz, Z., Lewandowski, A., Radziminska, A., Rajek, M.W., Siedlaczek, M., & Moska, M. (2017). Functional mobility and flexibility in young female swimmers. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(24), 39-43.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm 2020 Haziran
Yazarlar

Aytaç Alaydin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0304-7336

Yetkin Kamuk 0000-0001-5976-7503

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alaydin, A., & Kamuk, Y. (2020). Türkiye Yüzme Şampiyonası Seçmelerine Katılan 11-12 Yaş Yüzücülerin Barajı Geçme Durumlarına Göre Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Eurasian Research in Sport Science, 5(1), 26-43.