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“A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 29, 35 - 54, 21.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221

Öz

Privateering, which permitted private ships to attack enemy vessels and claim their prize (ship, goods, crew etc.) was only possible under a licence commissioned by a sovereign, better known as a ‘letter of marque’. In the Elizabethan Period (1558-1603), English privateering proved to be an effective way of dealing with Catholic Spain, especially during the Spanish War (1585-1603). When King James I ended the war with Spain in 1604, however, privateers such as John Ward –left without valid licenses permitting them to capture enemy merchant ships and confiscate their goods– had to find other means of support. Under these new circumstances, the former privateer Captain John Ward, also known as Jack Ward, first became pirate, then a Barbary corsair (Yusuf Reis) and Muslim operating from Tunis. This study deals with the representation of John Ward, someone who has excited the interest of audiences across England as well as being vilified by King James I, in early seventeenth century English literature. In this respect, literary texts that allude to John Ward such as broadsheet ballads, Samuel Rowlands’ poems, and Robert Daborne’s play A Christian turn’d Turke (1610-1612) will be examined with special reference to two pamphlets, Andrew Barker’s A true and certaine report of the beginning, proceedings, overthrowes, and now present estate of Captaine Ward and Danseker (1609) and the anonymous Newes from Sea, of Two Notorious Pirates Ward the Englishman and Danseker the Dutchman (1609).

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous (April 1609). Newes from Sea, of Two Notorious Pirates Ward the Englishman and Danseker the Dutchman. With a true relation of her all or the most piracies by them committed unto the sixth of April 1609, London, N. Butter. Online. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A14719.0001.001?view=toc [Viewed 3 January, 2019]
  • Bak, Greg (2006). Barbary Pirate: The Life and Crimes of John Ward, the Most Infamous Privateer of His Times, Stroud: Sutton Pub.
  • Barker, Andrew (1609). Andrew Barker’s A true and certaine report of the beginning, proceedings, overthrowes, and now present estate of Captaine Ward and Danseker, the two late famous pirates from their first setting foorth to this present time (1609), London: William Hal.
  • Bostan, İdris (2003). Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilatı: XVII. Yüzyılda Tersane-i Amire, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • __________ (2005). Kürekli ve Yelkenli Osmanlı Gemileri, İstanbul: Bilge Yayım Habercilik ve Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti.
  • Braudel, Fernard (1973). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, 2 Vols, London: Collins.
  • Chew, Samuel C. (1965). The Crescent and The Rose, New York: Octagon Books. Inc.
  • Child, Francis James (ed.) (2003), “John Ward and the Rainbow”, In The English and Scottish Popular Ballads Vol 5: 144-145. Online https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/child/ch287.htm [3 February 2018]
  • Coles, Paul (1969). The Ottoman Impact On Europe, London: Thames & Hudson.
  • Daborne, Robert (1973). A Christian turn’d Turk, Amsterdam: Da Capo Press.
  • Daborne, Robert. A Christian turn’d Turk, https://crrs.ca/new/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/A-Christian-turnd-turk-short-scenes.pdf Edited Online [Viewed 9 January 2020].
  • Daborne, Robert (2012). Production of A Christian turn’d Turk, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. [Viewed 9 January 2020].
  • Dekker, Thomas (2009). The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ennis, Lambert (July 1940). “Anthony Nixon: Jacobean Plagiarist and Hack”, Huntington Library Quarterly 3.4: pp.377-401.
  • Firth, C.H. (1908). Naval Songs and Ballads, Selected and edited by C.H. Firth. London: Printed for the Navy Records Society.
  • Fuchs, Barbara (Spring 2000). “Faithless Empires: Pirates, Renegadoes, and the English Nation”, ELH Vol. 67, No. 1: pp. 45-69.
  • Gürkan, Emrah Safa (2018). Sultanın Korsanları, İstanbul: Kronik Kitap.
  • İnanç, Talha (19 March 2017). "Jack Sparrow might be inspired by a Muslim captain", Daily Sabah. Online. https://www.dailysabah.com/cinema/2017/03/20/jack-sparrow-might-be-inspired-by-a-muslim-captain [Viewed 15 August 2019]
  • (1 March 2013)."Jack Sparrow da Türk çıktı!", Yeni Şafak. https://www.yenisafak.com/kultur-sanat/jack-sparrow-da-turk-cikti!-494959 [Viewed January 2017].
  • Knolles, Richard (1621). The Generall History of the Turkes, from the first beginning of that Nation to the rising of the Othoman Familie: with all the notable expedition of the Christian Princes against them. Together with the Lives and Conquests of the Othoman Kings and Emperour, London: Adam Islip.
  • Lithgow, William (1640). The totall discourse, of the rare adventures, and painefull peregrinations of long nineteene years travailes from Scotland, to teh most famous kingdoms in Europe, Asia, and Affrica Perfited by three deare bought voyages, in surveying of forty eight kingdomes anciengt and modern, London: I. Okes. Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A05597.0001.001?view=toc [Viewed 4 February 2019]
  • Lloyd, Christopher (1981). English Corsairs on the Barbary Coast, London: Collins.
  • Matar, Nabil (1998). Islam in Britain, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Matar, Nabil (1999). Turks, Moors & Englishmen: The Age of Discovery. New York: Colombia University Press.
  • Milton, Giles (Nov 2019). “John Ward: the real Captain Jack Sparrow”, BBC History Revealed, https://www.historyextra.com/period/elizabethan/pirate-john-ward-the-real-captain-jack-sparrow/ [Viewed 3 January, 2020]
  • Rowlands, Samuel (1613). More Knaues Yet? The Knaues of Spades and Diamonds, London: John Tap.
  • Skilliter, S.A. (1977). William Harborne aned the trade with Turkey 1578-1582, London: Oxford University Press.
  • Shakespeare, William (1987). Hamlet (Edited by G.R Hibbard), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Shakespeare, William (1958). Othello. Edited by Ridley M.R. The Arden Shakespeare, London: Methuen & Co.
  • Sisneros, Katie Sue. “The Abhorred Name of Turk”: Muslims and the Politics of Identity in Seventeenth Century English Broadside Ballads”, PhD Dissertation, Graduate School of the University of Minnesota, November 2016. p.60.
  • Şahiner, Mustafa (2007). “The Problematic of Turning Turk in Phillip Massinger’s The Renegado”, Journal of British Literature and Culture: pp. 99-111.
  • Şenlen, Sıla. (1999). “The Civil Infidels’: Representation of the Turks in Renaissance Drama, MA Dissertation University College Dublin.
  • Şenlen, Sıla. “Richard Knolles’ The Generall Historie of the Turkes as a Reflection of Christian Historiography”, A.Ü. OTAM, 18 (Fall 2005): pp. 379-393.
  • Şenlen, Sıla. “Ottoman Sultans in English Drama Between 1580-1660”, A.Ü. OTAM, 19 (Spring 2006): pp. 399-405.
  • “The Seamen’s Song of Captain Ward, the famous Pyrate of the World, and an Englishman born” (1609), https://ebba.english.ucsb.edu/ballad/31994/xml [Viewed 20 February 2020]
  • “The Seamans Song of Dansekar the Duchman, his robberies done at Sea” (1609). https://ebba.english.ucsb.edu/ballad/32614/xml [Viewed 20 February 2020]
  • Tinniswood, Adrian (2010). Pirates of Barbary: Corsairs, Conquests and Captivity in the Seventeenth-Century Mediterranean, New York: Riverhead Hardcover.
  • Vanwagoner, Benjamin D. (2019). “Pirate Economics in Robert Daborne’s A Christian Turned Turk”, Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 ,59.2: pp. 305-324 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/725096 [Viewed 8 April 2020]
  • Vitkus, Daniel (2003). Turning Turk: English Theatre and the Multicultural Mediterranean, 1570-1630. New York: Pelgrave Macmillan.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sıla Şenlen Güvenç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenlen Güvenç, S. (2020). “A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı(29), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221
AMA Şenlen Güvenç S. “A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı. Aralık 2020;(29):35-54. doi:10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221
Chicago Şenlen Güvenç, Sıla. “‘A Foe to All Christians’: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature”. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, sy. 29 (Aralık 2020): 35-54. https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221.
EndNote Şenlen Güvenç S (01 Aralık 2020) “A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı 29 35–54.
IEEE S. Şenlen Güvenç, “‘A Foe to All Christians’: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature”, Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, sy. 29, ss. 35–54, Aralık 2020, doi: 10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221.
ISNAD Şenlen Güvenç, Sıla. “‘A Foe to All Christians’: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature”. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı 29 (Aralık 2020), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221.
JAMA Şenlen Güvenç S. “A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı. 2020;:35–54.
MLA Şenlen Güvenç, Sıla. “‘A Foe to All Christians’: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature”. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, sy. 29, 2020, ss. 35-54, doi:10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.752221.
Vancouver Şenlen Güvenç S. “A Foe to All Christians”: The Notorious English Corsair Captain and Ottoman Reis John Ward in Early Seventeenth Century English Literature. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı. 2020(29):35-54.