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EĞİTİMDE ORTA DÜZEY LİDERLİK

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 21 - 30, 31.05.2022

Öz

Son yıllarda liderlik ve yönetim anlayışında meydana gelen değişimler, eğitim kurumlarında yeni liderlik uygulamalarını ön plana çıkarmıştır. Orta düzey liderlik, bu yeni uygulamalardan biri olarak kabul edilebilir. Liderleri başarının tek kaynağı haline getirerek kahraman yapan liderlik teorilerinin aksine liderliğin dağıtılmış hallerinden biri olan orta düzey liderliği, eğitim kurumlarının etkili şekilde yönetilebilmesi ve verimliliğin artırılması için anahtar olarak görmek mümkündür. Orta düzey liderlik; zümre başkanı, ders koordinatörü, danışman öğretmen, müfredat lideri, bölüm başkanı gibi çeşitli rollerde kendini gösterebilir. Orta düzey liderlik Türk Eğitim Sistemi’nde kavramsal olarak kullanılmamasına rağmen, fiili olarak bulunmaktadır. Ulusal alanyazında henüz yeteri kadar yer edinememiş olsa da, eğitim süreçleri üzerinde doğrudan ve olumlu etkisi nedeniyle orta düzey liderlik uluslararası alanyazında daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Alanyazında orta düzey liderlikle ilgili iyimser bir tablo çizilmesine rağmen orta düzey liderler; zaman kısıtlılığı, iş yükü, alt ve üst kademeden baskı gibi çeşitli sorunlarla karşı karşıya da kalabilmektedir. Gerekli destek ve işbirliği sağlandığında orta düzey liderlik, örgütsel gelişimi sağlamada tek adam liderliğinden daha etkili olabilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Angelle, P. S., & Schmid, J. B. (2007). School structure and the identity of teacher leaders: Perspectives of principals and teachers. Journal of School Leadership, 17(6), 771-799. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460701700604
  • Bassett, M. (2016). The Role of Middle Leaders in New Zealand Secondary Schools: Expectations and Challenges. Waikato Journal of Education, 21(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v21i1.194
  • Bennett, N. (1995). Managing professional teachers: Middle management in primary and secondary schools. London, UK: Paul Chapman Publishing.
  • Bennett, N., P. Woods, C. Wise, & W. Newton. (2007). Understandings of Middle Leadership in Secondary Schools: A Review of Empirical Research. School Leadership and Management 27 (5), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606137
  • Bryant, D. (2019). Conditions that support middle leaders' work in organisational and system leadership: Hong Kong case studies. School Leadership & Management, 39(5), 415-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1489790
  • Bryant, D. A., & Rao, C. (2019). Teachers as reform leaders in Chinese schools. International Journal of Educational Management. 33 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2017-0371
  • Busher, H., Hammersley Fletcher, L., Turner, C. (2007). Making sense of middle leadership: Community, power and practice. School Leadership and Management. 27(5), 405-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606061
  • Büngül, B. (2015). Öğretmenlikte uygulanan mentörlüğün öğretmen koçluğu ile desteklenmesi. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale
  • Choy, C. K., Stott, K., & Tin, L. G. (2003). Developing Singapore school leaders for a learning nation. Reshaping the Landscape of School Leadership Development İçinde (179-190). Taylor & Francis.
  • Cihan, T. (2016). Öğretmenliğe giriş: mesleğinin ilk yılındaki öğretmenlerin okullardaki deneyimlerine ilişkin çoklu durum çalışması. Yayınlanmış doktora tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • De Nobile, J. (2018). Towards a theoretical model of middle leadership in schools. School Leadership & Management, 38 (4), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1411902
  • De Nobile, J., & Ridden, P. (2014). Middle leaders in schools: Who are they and what do they do? Australian Educational Leader, 36(2), 22-25.
  • Dinham, S. (2007). The secondary head of department and the achievement of exceptional student outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710722458
  • Edwards-Groves, C., Grootenboer, P., Hardy, I., & Rönnerman, K. (2019). Driving change from ‘the middle’: middle leading for site based educational development. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1525700
  • Eroğlu, M., & Özbek, R. (2018). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantılarının mesleki gelişim bağlamında incelenmesi. Researcher, Social Science Studies 6(3), 255-271.
  • Farchi, T., & Tubin, D. (2019). Middle leaders in successful and less successful schools. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1550389
  • Fitzgerald, T. (2009). The tyranny of bureaucracy: continuing challenges of leading and managing from the middle. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143208098164
  • Ganon-Shilon, S., Schechter, C. (2017). Making sense of school leaders’ sense-making. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(4), 682-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216628536
  • Glover, D., Gleeson, D., Gough, G., Johnson, M. (1998). The meaning of management: The development needs of middle managers in secondary schools. Educational Management and Administration. 26 (3) 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X98263006
  • Göksoy, S. Ve Yenipınar, Ş. (2015). Öğretmenlerin Okul Zümre Öğretmenler Kurullarına ilişkin Görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 45(205). 26-43
  • Grootenboer, P., Edwards-Groves, C., Rönnerman, K. (2015). Leading practice development: Voices from the middle. Professional Development in Education, 41(3), 508-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.924985
  • Grootenboer, P., Edwards-Groves, C., & Rönnerman, K. (2019). Understanding middle leadership: practices & policies. School Leadership and Management, 39(3–4), 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1611712
  • Gurr, D. (2019). School middle leaders in Australia, Chile and Singapore. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1512485
  • Gurr, D., Drysdale,L. (2013). Middle-Level Secondary School Leaders: Potential, Constraints and Implications for Leadership Preparation and Development. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311291431
  • Güler, M., Altun, T., ve Türkdoğan, A. (2015). Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Zümre Öğretmenler Kurulunun Etkililiği Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 14(2), 395-406.
  • Harris, A. (2008). Distributive leadership: According to the evidence. Journal of Education Administration, 46(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810863253
  • Harris, A. (2009). Creative leadership: Developing future leaders. Management in Education, 23(1), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020608099076
  • Harris, A. & Jones, M. (2017). Middle leaders matter: reflections, recognition, and renaissance. School Leadership & Management, 37(3). 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1323398
  • Harris, A., Jones, M., Ismail, N., & Nguyen, D. (2019). Middle leaders and middle leadership in schools: exploring the knowledge base (2003–2017). School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1578738
  • Heng, M. A., & Marsh, C. J. (2009). Understanding middle leaders: A closer look at middle leadership in primary schools in Singapore. Educational Studies, 35(5), 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690902883863
  • Irvine, P. A. (2017). Effective Support Mechanisms for those in the Formative Stages of Middle Leadership: A Case Study in the Secondary Independent Education Sector. Liverpool John Moores University.
  • Jarvis, A. (2008). Leadership lost: A case study in three selective secondary schools. Management in Education. 22(1). 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020607085627
  • King, A.W., Fowler, S.W., Zeithaml, C.P. (2001). Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage: The middle management edge. Academy of Management Executive. 15 (2) 95-106. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.4614966
  • Koh, H., H. (2018). The leadership role of middle leaders in six selected primary schools in Singapore Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. Melborne Üniversitesi
  • Küçük, M., Ayvacı, H.Ş. ve Altıntaş, A. (2004). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantı kararlarının eğitim ve öğretim uygulamaları üzerindeki yansımaları. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, 6-9 Temmuz 2004. İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya
  • Lárusdóttir, S. H., O’Connor, E. (2017). Distributed leadership and middle leadership practice in schools: a disconnect?. Irish Educational Studies, 36(4), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2017.1333444
  • Leithwood, K. (2016). Department-head Leadership for School Improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools. 15 (2): 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1044538
  • Leithwood, K., Mascall, B., Strauss, T., Sacks, R., Memon, N., Yashkina, A. (2007). Distributing leadership to make schools smarter: Taking the ego out of the system. Leadership and policy in schools. 6(1), 37-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760601091267
  • Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Lamanna, J. (2021). School middle leadership: A systematic review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220983328
  • Margolis, J. (2012). Hybrid teacher leaders and the new professional development ecology. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657874
  • Marshall, S. G. (2012). Educational middle change leadership in New Zealand: The meat in the sandwich. International Journal of Educational Management. 26 (6), 502-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541211251361
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2015). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Öğretmen Atama ve Yer değiştirme Yönetmeliği (29329). https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_11/08144242_mevzuat.pdf
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitim Kurulları ve Zümreleri Yönergesi. http://ogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_08/10102307_Cilt1.pdf
  • Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education 22 (8), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010
  • OECD (2008) Improving School Leadership. Vol 1: Policy & Practice. 22 education systems from around the world. OECD Publishing: Paris.
  • Paine, L. ve Fang, Y. (2007). Dilemmas in reforming China’s teaching: assuring quality in professional development. In: M. Tatto ed. Reforming Teaching Globally. Oxford, UK: Symposium Books, 17, 21–53.
  • Paine, L. ve Ma, L. (1993). Teachers working together: a dialogue on organizational and cultural perspectives of Chinese teachers. International journal of educational research, 19 (8), 675–697
  • Roche, A., Russo, J., Kalogeropoulos, P., & Vale, C. (2020). Aspirations for mathematics learning: the voice of primary mathematics middle leaders. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-020-00360-9
  • Spillane, J. (2006). Distributed Leadership. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons
  • Şahin, E., Maden, S., ve Gedik, M. (2011). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantılarının etkililiğinin Türkçe öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmesi (Erzurum ili örneği). Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 13(1)
  • Turner, C. (2007). Leading from the middle: dealing with diversity and complexity, School Leadership & Management, 27 (5), 401-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606038
  • Wang, D., Wang, J., Li, H., ve Li, L. (2017). School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China. International Journal of Educational Development, 52, 1-9.
  • Wise, C. (2001). The monitoring role of the academic middle manager in secondary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 29(3), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X010293007
  • Willis, J., Churchward, P., Beutel, D., Spooner-Lane, R., Crosswell, L., & Curtis, E. (2019). Mentors for beginning teachers as middle leaders: the messy work of recontextualising. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1555701
  • York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of educational research, 74(3), 255-316. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074003255
  • Yukl, G. (1999). An Evaluation of Conceptual Weaknesses in Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Theories. The Leadership Quarterly 10 (2): 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00013-2
  • Zhang, X., Wong, J. L., & Wang, X. (2021). How do the leadership strategies of middle leaders affect teachers’ learning in schools? A case study from China. Professional Development in Education, 1-18.
  • Zhang, J., Yuan, R. ve Yu, S. (2016). What Impedes the Development of Professional Learning Communities in China? Perceptions from Leaders and Frontline Teachers in Three Schools in Shanghai. SAGE: Educational management Administrations & Leadership. pp.1-19.

MIDDLE LEADERSHIP in EDUCATION

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 21 - 30, 31.05.2022

Öz

Changes in leadership and administration in recent years have brought to the fore new leadership practices in educational institutions. Middle leadership can be considered as one of these new practices. Contrary to the leadership theories that make leaders the only source of success and make them heroes, it is possible to consider the middle leadership which is one of the distributed forms of leadership as a key position in effective administration of educational institutions and increasing productivity. Middle leadership can appear in various roles such as head of department, subject coordinator, curriculum leader, mentor teacher, subject leader. Although middle leadership is not used conceptually in Turkish Education System, it actually exists. Middle leadership attracts more attention in the world literature due to its direct and positive impact on education processes, although it has not yet gained a sufficient ground in the national literature. There is an optimistic picture of middle leadership in the literature. However, middle leaders may also face various problems such as time constraints, workload, and pressure from lower and upper levels. When enough support and cooperation are provided, middle leadership can be more effective than one-man leadership in organizational development.

Kaynakça

  • Angelle, P. S., & Schmid, J. B. (2007). School structure and the identity of teacher leaders: Perspectives of principals and teachers. Journal of School Leadership, 17(6), 771-799. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460701700604
  • Bassett, M. (2016). The Role of Middle Leaders in New Zealand Secondary Schools: Expectations and Challenges. Waikato Journal of Education, 21(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v21i1.194
  • Bennett, N. (1995). Managing professional teachers: Middle management in primary and secondary schools. London, UK: Paul Chapman Publishing.
  • Bennett, N., P. Woods, C. Wise, & W. Newton. (2007). Understandings of Middle Leadership in Secondary Schools: A Review of Empirical Research. School Leadership and Management 27 (5), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606137
  • Bryant, D. (2019). Conditions that support middle leaders' work in organisational and system leadership: Hong Kong case studies. School Leadership & Management, 39(5), 415-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1489790
  • Bryant, D. A., & Rao, C. (2019). Teachers as reform leaders in Chinese schools. International Journal of Educational Management. 33 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2017-0371
  • Busher, H., Hammersley Fletcher, L., Turner, C. (2007). Making sense of middle leadership: Community, power and practice. School Leadership and Management. 27(5), 405-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606061
  • Büngül, B. (2015). Öğretmenlikte uygulanan mentörlüğün öğretmen koçluğu ile desteklenmesi. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale
  • Choy, C. K., Stott, K., & Tin, L. G. (2003). Developing Singapore school leaders for a learning nation. Reshaping the Landscape of School Leadership Development İçinde (179-190). Taylor & Francis.
  • Cihan, T. (2016). Öğretmenliğe giriş: mesleğinin ilk yılındaki öğretmenlerin okullardaki deneyimlerine ilişkin çoklu durum çalışması. Yayınlanmış doktora tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara
  • De Nobile, J. (2018). Towards a theoretical model of middle leadership in schools. School Leadership & Management, 38 (4), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1411902
  • De Nobile, J., & Ridden, P. (2014). Middle leaders in schools: Who are they and what do they do? Australian Educational Leader, 36(2), 22-25.
  • Dinham, S. (2007). The secondary head of department and the achievement of exceptional student outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230710722458
  • Edwards-Groves, C., Grootenboer, P., Hardy, I., & Rönnerman, K. (2019). Driving change from ‘the middle’: middle leading for site based educational development. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1525700
  • Eroğlu, M., & Özbek, R. (2018). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantılarının mesleki gelişim bağlamında incelenmesi. Researcher, Social Science Studies 6(3), 255-271.
  • Farchi, T., & Tubin, D. (2019). Middle leaders in successful and less successful schools. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1550389
  • Fitzgerald, T. (2009). The tyranny of bureaucracy: continuing challenges of leading and managing from the middle. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143208098164
  • Ganon-Shilon, S., Schechter, C. (2017). Making sense of school leaders’ sense-making. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(4), 682-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143216628536
  • Glover, D., Gleeson, D., Gough, G., Johnson, M. (1998). The meaning of management: The development needs of middle managers in secondary schools. Educational Management and Administration. 26 (3) 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X98263006
  • Göksoy, S. Ve Yenipınar, Ş. (2015). Öğretmenlerin Okul Zümre Öğretmenler Kurullarına ilişkin Görüşleri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. 45(205). 26-43
  • Grootenboer, P., Edwards-Groves, C., Rönnerman, K. (2015). Leading practice development: Voices from the middle. Professional Development in Education, 41(3), 508-526. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.924985
  • Grootenboer, P., Edwards-Groves, C., & Rönnerman, K. (2019). Understanding middle leadership: practices & policies. School Leadership and Management, 39(3–4), 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1611712
  • Gurr, D. (2019). School middle leaders in Australia, Chile and Singapore. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1512485
  • Gurr, D., Drysdale,L. (2013). Middle-Level Secondary School Leaders: Potential, Constraints and Implications for Leadership Preparation and Development. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311291431
  • Güler, M., Altun, T., ve Türkdoğan, A. (2015). Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Zümre Öğretmenler Kurulunun Etkililiği Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 14(2), 395-406.
  • Harris, A. (2008). Distributive leadership: According to the evidence. Journal of Education Administration, 46(2), 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810863253
  • Harris, A. (2009). Creative leadership: Developing future leaders. Management in Education, 23(1), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020608099076
  • Harris, A. & Jones, M. (2017). Middle leaders matter: reflections, recognition, and renaissance. School Leadership & Management, 37(3). 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2017.1323398
  • Harris, A., Jones, M., Ismail, N., & Nguyen, D. (2019). Middle leaders and middle leadership in schools: exploring the knowledge base (2003–2017). School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 255-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1578738
  • Heng, M. A., & Marsh, C. J. (2009). Understanding middle leaders: A closer look at middle leadership in primary schools in Singapore. Educational Studies, 35(5), 525-536. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690902883863
  • Irvine, P. A. (2017). Effective Support Mechanisms for those in the Formative Stages of Middle Leadership: A Case Study in the Secondary Independent Education Sector. Liverpool John Moores University.
  • Jarvis, A. (2008). Leadership lost: A case study in three selective secondary schools. Management in Education. 22(1). 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020607085627
  • King, A.W., Fowler, S.W., Zeithaml, C.P. (2001). Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage: The middle management edge. Academy of Management Executive. 15 (2) 95-106. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2001.4614966
  • Koh, H., H. (2018). The leadership role of middle leaders in six selected primary schools in Singapore Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. Melborne Üniversitesi
  • Küçük, M., Ayvacı, H.Ş. ve Altıntaş, A. (2004). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantı kararlarının eğitim ve öğretim uygulamaları üzerindeki yansımaları. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı, 6-9 Temmuz 2004. İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Malatya
  • Lárusdóttir, S. H., O’Connor, E. (2017). Distributed leadership and middle leadership practice in schools: a disconnect?. Irish Educational Studies, 36(4), 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2017.1333444
  • Leithwood, K. (2016). Department-head Leadership for School Improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools. 15 (2): 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1044538
  • Leithwood, K., Mascall, B., Strauss, T., Sacks, R., Memon, N., Yashkina, A. (2007). Distributing leadership to make schools smarter: Taking the ego out of the system. Leadership and policy in schools. 6(1), 37-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760601091267
  • Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Lamanna, J. (2021). School middle leadership: A systematic review. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220983328
  • Margolis, J. (2012). Hybrid teacher leaders and the new professional development ecology. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2012.657874
  • Marshall, S. G. (2012). Educational middle change leadership in New Zealand: The meat in the sandwich. International Journal of Educational Management. 26 (6), 502-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541211251361
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2015). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Öğretmen Atama ve Yer değiştirme Yönetmeliği (29329). https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_11/08144242_mevzuat.pdf
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2018). Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitim Kurulları ve Zümreleri Yönergesi. http://ogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2018_08/10102307_Cilt1.pdf
  • Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education 22 (8), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010
  • OECD (2008) Improving School Leadership. Vol 1: Policy & Practice. 22 education systems from around the world. OECD Publishing: Paris.
  • Paine, L. ve Fang, Y. (2007). Dilemmas in reforming China’s teaching: assuring quality in professional development. In: M. Tatto ed. Reforming Teaching Globally. Oxford, UK: Symposium Books, 17, 21–53.
  • Paine, L. ve Ma, L. (1993). Teachers working together: a dialogue on organizational and cultural perspectives of Chinese teachers. International journal of educational research, 19 (8), 675–697
  • Roche, A., Russo, J., Kalogeropoulos, P., & Vale, C. (2020). Aspirations for mathematics learning: the voice of primary mathematics middle leaders. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13394-020-00360-9
  • Spillane, J. (2006). Distributed Leadership. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons
  • Şahin, E., Maden, S., ve Gedik, M. (2011). Zümre öğretmenler kurulu toplantılarının etkililiğinin Türkçe öğretmenlerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmesi (Erzurum ili örneği). Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 13(1)
  • Turner, C. (2007). Leading from the middle: dealing with diversity and complexity, School Leadership & Management, 27 (5), 401-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430701606038
  • Wang, D., Wang, J., Li, H., ve Li, L. (2017). School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China. International Journal of Educational Development, 52, 1-9.
  • Wise, C. (2001). The monitoring role of the academic middle manager in secondary schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 29(3), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263211X010293007
  • Willis, J., Churchward, P., Beutel, D., Spooner-Lane, R., Crosswell, L., & Curtis, E. (2019). Mentors for beginning teachers as middle leaders: the messy work of recontextualising. School Leadership & Management, 39(3-4), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2018.1555701
  • York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of educational research, 74(3), 255-316. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074003255
  • Yukl, G. (1999). An Evaluation of Conceptual Weaknesses in Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Theories. The Leadership Quarterly 10 (2): 285–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00013-2
  • Zhang, X., Wong, J. L., & Wang, X. (2021). How do the leadership strategies of middle leaders affect teachers’ learning in schools? A case study from China. Professional Development in Education, 1-18.
  • Zhang, J., Yuan, R. ve Yu, S. (2016). What Impedes the Development of Professional Learning Communities in China? Perceptions from Leaders and Frontline Teachers in Three Schools in Shanghai. SAGE: Educational management Administrations & Leadership. pp.1-19.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Sayıcı 0000-0002-1515-7823

Mehmet Sincar 0000-0002-4979-5014

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayıcı, M., & Sincar, M. (2022). EĞİTİMDE ORTA DÜZEY LİDERLİK. Alanyazın, 3(1), 21-30.