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Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 70 - 80, 15.06.2023

Naghan Nooruldeen Saab Ziya Şimşek Yalçın Kondur

https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1255534

Öz

Bu çalışmada Çam Keseböceği [Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.)’nin (Lep.: Notodontidae)]’nin önemli yumurta parazitoiti olan Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hym.: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Het.: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi ele alınmış olup çalışmalar 25±1°C sıcaklık ve %65±5 neme ayarlı iklim odasında yürütülmüştür. Değişik sürelerde (24, 48 ve 72 saat) parazitlenmeye bırakılan yumurtalarda parazitoitin bir dölünü tamamladığı süre (gün) ve parazitlenme oranları (%) belirlenmiştir. O.pityocampae ve G.lineatum’un gelişimlerini sırasıyla 15-19 ve 7-8 günde tamamladıkları saptanmıştır. Değişik sürelerde gerçekleşen parazitlenme oranları arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Parazitoit gelişme süreleri bakımından en erken parazitoit çıkışlarının (14,97±0,45 gün) 48 saat süreyle parazitlenmeye bırakılanlarda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. O.pityocampae’nın G.lineatum yumurtaları üzerinde yetiştirilmesi düşünüldüğünde; parazitlenme oranının yüksek olması ve nispeten kısa sürede gelişmesi bakımından 48 saatlik sürenin uygun olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ooencyrtus pityocampae Graphosoma lineatum Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni parazitoit yetiştirme

Kaynakça

  • Battisti, A., Avci, M., Avtzis, D.N., Ben Jamaa, M.L., Berardi, L., Berretima, W., Branco, M., Chakali, G., El Fels, M.A.E.A., Frérot, B., Hódar, J.A., Ionescu-Mălăncuş, I., İpekdal, K., Larsson, S., Manole, T., Mendel, Z., Meurisse, N., Mirchev, P., Nemer, N., Paiva, M.-R., Pino, J., Protasov, A., Rahim, N., Rousselet, J., Santos, H., Sauvard, D., Schopf, A., Simanato, M., Yart, A., Zamoum, M., 2015. Natural History of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): New Insights in Relation to Climate Change. In: Roques, A. (Ed.), Processionary Moths and Climate Change: An Update. Springer, pp. 15-79.
  • Battisti, A., Colazza, S., Roversi, P.F., Tiberi, R., 1998. Alternative Hosts of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Italy. Estratto da REDIA, LXXI(2), 321-328.
  • Battisti, A., Ianne, P., Milani, N., Zanata, M., 1990. Preliminary accounts on the rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hym., Encyrtidae). J. Appl. Entomol., 110, 121-127.
  • Bellin, S., Schmidt, G.H., Douma-Petridou, E., 1990. Structure, ooparasitoid spectrum and rate of parasitism of egg-batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff) in Greece. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2, 113-120.
  • Bertil, H., 2001. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes. In. Sinauer Associates, p. 816.
  • Binazzi, F., Benassai, D., Peverieri, S.G., P.F., R., 2013. Effects of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) egg age on the indigenous parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Redia, 96, 79-84.
  • Binazzi, F., Sabbatini Peverieri, G., Simoni, S., Frosinini, R., Fabbricatore, T., Roversi, P.F., 2015. An effective method for Graphosoma lineatum (L.) long-term rearing. Redia, 98, 155-160.
  • Danarun, S., Bumroongsook, S., 2017. Growth and Development of Ooencyrtus sp. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13(7), 1191-1197.
  • Eliopoulos, P.A., 2003. Study of the parasitoid Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as a biocontrol agent against moth pests of stored products. In. Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, p. 220.
  • Erkaya, İ., 2020. Predators and Parasitoids of Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams) in Western Mediterranean Region in Turkey. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(1), 7-13.
  • Federico, R.P., Francesco, B., Leonardo, M., Elena, C., Lara, M., Sabbatini Peverieri, G., 2016. Searching for native egg-parasitoids of the invasive alien species Halyomorpha halys Stål (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) in Southern Europe. Journal of Zoology, XCIX, 1-8.
  • Georgieva, M., Georgiev, G., Matova, M., Zaemszhikova, G., Mirchev, P., Boyadzhiev, P., 2020. Egg parasitoid complex of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on the Thasos Island, Greece. Silva Balcanica, 21(2), 35-44.
  • Halperin, J., 1990. Mass breeding of egg parasitoids (Hym., Chalcididae) of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. Journal of Applied Entomology, 109(4), 336-340.
  • Huang, D.W., Noyes, J.S., 1994. A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera). Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Entomol.), 63, 1-136.
  • Kitt, J., Schmidt, G., 1993. Parasitism of egg-batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in the mountains of Lahav (Israel). Journal of Applied Entomology, 115, 484-498.
  • Koçak, E., Emre, H.T., Şahin, A.K., Barış, A., Gökdoğan, A., Başaran, M.S., 2009. Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)'un Farklı Besinlerdeki Biyolojik Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 47-52.
  • Loyd, D.C., 1938. A study of some factors governing the choice of hosts and distribution of progeny by the chalcid Ooencyrtus kuvanae Howard. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 229, 275-322.
  • Maple, J.D., 1947. University of California Press. Berkeley.
  • Masutti, L., 1964. Ricerbe sui parasiti oofagi della Thaumetopoea pityocampae Schiff. Ann. Centro Econ. Mont Venezie, 4, 205-271.
  • Masutti, L., Battisti, A., Milani, N., Zanata, M., Zanazzo, G., 1993. In vitro rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hym., Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). Entomophaga, 38, 327-333.
  • Mirchev, P., Dautbasic, M., Mujezinovic, O., Georgiev, G., Georgieva, M., Boyadzhiev, P., 2015. Structure of Egg Batches, Hatching Rate and Egg Parasitoids of the Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis&Schiffmüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 67(4), 579-586.
  • Mirchev, P., Georgiev, G., Boyadzhiev, P., Matova, M., 2012. Impact of entomophages on density of Thaumetopoea pityocampa in egg stage near Ivayvovgrad, Bulgaria. Acta Zool. Bulg.(4), 103-110.
  • Mirchev, P., Tsankov, G., Georgiev, G., Koutsaftikis, A., Douma-Petridou, E., 1999. Comparative Investigation on the Hibernation of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) from Different Biotopes in Bulgaria and Greece. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica, 5(234), 82-88.
  • Mizrachi, A., 2006. Seasonal activity and aspects in reproductive behavior of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). In. Hebrew University, Jerusalem, p. 79.
  • Nechols, J.R., Tracy, J.L., Vogt, E.A., 1989. Comparative ecological studies of indigenous eggsquash bug, Anasatristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 62, 177-188.
  • Noyes, J.S., Hayat, M., 1984. A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Entomol.), 48, 131-395.
  • Pourabad, R.F., Dastjerdi, H.R., Fathi, A.A., 2008. Effect of Feeding on Seeds of Five Species of Umbelliferae on the Rate of Development and Fecundity of Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(12), 1411-1414.
  • Ribes, J., Pagola-Carte, S., Zabalegui, I., 2008. On Some Palearctic Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Heteropterus Revista de Entomología, 8(2), 155-169.
  • Samra, S., Cascone, P., Noyes, J.S., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Guerrieri, E., Mendel, Z., 2018. Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. Plos One, 13(11), e0205245.
  • Samra, S., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Branco, M., Mendel, Z., 2015a. Genetic Diversity and Host Alteration of the Egg Parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae Between the Pine Processionary Moth and the Caper Bug. Plos One, 10(4), e0122788.
  • Samra, S.M., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Mendel, Z., 2015b. Comparative study of development parameters of four Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on natural and factitious hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 334-345.
  • Schmidt, G.H., Tanzen, E., Bellin, S., 1999. Structure of egg-batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. And Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Applied Entomology, 123, 449-458.
  • Shaw, M.R., 1997. Rearing parasitic Hymenoptera. The Amateur Entomologist Series. Amateur Entomologists' Society, 25, 1-46.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., 2006. Çankırı Ormanlarının Zararlı Böcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 98-119.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., Yurt, E., 2017. Researches on Determination of the Egg Parasitoids and Efficiencies of the Pine Processionary Moth [Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.)] in Black Pine Forest in Çankırı (Eldivan). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 210-218.
  • Tiberi, R., 1978. Notrizie preliminari sull’incidenza dei parassili oolaggi nelle poplazioni di processionaria del pino in giovani pinele dell’Itelia centrale. Redia, 61, 487-501.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Roversi, P.F., Sacchetti, P., 1991. Laboratory rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) on eggs of Nezara viridula (L.) and other pentatomid eggs. Redia, 74, 467-469.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Sacchetti, P., 1993. Allevamento di Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) 437 su uova di rincori pentatomidi. MA.F. Convegno «Piante forestali», Frienze, 5 marzo 1992 (Coord. M. Covassi) Ist Sper Pat Veg, Roma, 78-84.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Sacchetti, P., 1994. Parassitizzazione delle uova di Thaumetopoea pityocampa: Modifi cazioni conseguenti al potenziamento artifi ciale di Ooencyrtus pityocampae. In, Atti XVII Congresso nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, , Udine, pp. 763-766.
  • Tsankov, G., Douma-Petridou, E., Mirchev, P., Georgiev, G., Koutsaftikis, A., 1999. Spectrum of Egg Parasitoids and Rate of Parasitism of Egg Batches of the Pine Processionary Moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.) in the Northern Peloponnes/Greece. J. Ent. Soc. Res., 1(2), 1-8.
  • Tsankov, G., Schmidt, G.H., Mirchev, P., 1996. Parasitism of egg-batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den & Schiff) (Lep, Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria. Journal of Applied Entomology, 120, 93-105.
  • Tsankov, G., Schmidt, G.H., Mirchev, P., 1998. Studies on the egg parasitism in Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. &Schiff.) over a period of four years (1991-1994) at Marikostino/Bulgaria. Anz. Schadlingskunde., Pflanzenschutz, Umwelschutz, 71, 1-7.
  • Tunca, H., Buradino, M., Colombele, E.M., Tabone, E., 2016. Tendency and consequences of superparasitism for the parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in parasitizing a new laboratory host, Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Eur. J. Entomol., 113, 51-59.
  • Tunca, H., Colombel, E.A., Soussan, T.B., Buradino, M., Galio, F., Tabone, E., 2015. Optimal biological parameters for rearing Ooencyrtus pityocampae on the new laboratory host Philosamia ricini. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 527-535.
  • Tunca, H., Venard, M., Colombel, E.A., Capelli, M., Tabone, E., 2019. Life history traits of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reared on Halyomorpha halys eggs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Entomologia Generalis, 39(2), 93-101.
  • Voyvot, S., 2018. Türkiye'de çam keseböceği, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) ve T. wilkinsoni (Tams, 1924) (Lepidoptera:Notodontidae)'nin yumurta parazitoitleri. In, Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,, Trabzon, p. 60.
  • Wilkinson, D.S., 1926. The Cyprus Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni, Tams). 17(2), 163-182. Zhang, Y.Z., Li, W., Huang, D.W., 2005. A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Ooencyrtus (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zool. Stud., 44, 347-360.

Effect of parasitization duration and efficiency of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) eggs

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 70 - 80, 15.06.2023

Naghan Nooruldeen Saab Ziya Şimşek Yalçın Kondur

https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1255534

Öz

The parasitization efficiency and the effect of parasitisation duration on Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hym.: Encyrtidae), an important egg parasitoid of the Pine Processionary Moth [Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.) (Lep.: Notodontidae)], on Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Het.: Pentatomidae) eggs were evaluated in this study. Studies were carried out in climate chamber that set to 25±1°C temperature, 65±5% humidity conditions One generation completion duration (days) and parasitization ratios (%) were determined at 24, 48 and 72 hour-periods. O.pityocampae and G.lineatum completed their developments between 15-19 days and 7-8 days respectively. There was not significant difference among parasitization ratios within 24, 48 and 72-hour periods. The shortest parasitoid emergence duration was 14.97±0.45 days when the host eggs were exposed to the parasitoid within 48 hours. In case of mass rearing of O.pityocampae on G.lineatum eggs, 48-hour parasitization duration may be much efficient owing to both high parasitization ratio and shorter development duration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ooencyrtus pityocampae Graphosoma lineatum Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni parazitoid rearing

Kaynakça

  • Battisti, A., Avci, M., Avtzis, D.N., Ben Jamaa, M.L., Berardi, L., Berretima, W., Branco, M., Chakali, G., El Fels, M.A.E.A., Frérot, B., Hódar, J.A., Ionescu-Mălăncuş, I., İpekdal, K., Larsson, S., Manole, T., Mendel, Z., Meurisse, N., Mirchev, P., Nemer, N., Paiva, M.-R., Pino, J., Protasov, A., Rahim, N., Rousselet, J., Santos, H., Sauvard, D., Schopf, A., Simanato, M., Yart, A., Zamoum, M., 2015. Natural History of the Processionary Moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): New Insights in Relation to Climate Change. In: Roques, A. (Ed.), Processionary Moths and Climate Change: An Update. Springer, pp. 15-79.
  • Battisti, A., Colazza, S., Roversi, P.F., Tiberi, R., 1998. Alternative Hosts of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Italy. Estratto da REDIA, LXXI(2), 321-328.
  • Battisti, A., Ianne, P., Milani, N., Zanata, M., 1990. Preliminary accounts on the rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hym., Encyrtidae). J. Appl. Entomol., 110, 121-127.
  • Bellin, S., Schmidt, G.H., Douma-Petridou, E., 1990. Structure, ooparasitoid spectrum and rate of parasitism of egg-batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff) in Greece. Journal of Applied Entomology, 2, 113-120.
  • Bertil, H., 2001. Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes. In. Sinauer Associates, p. 816.
  • Binazzi, F., Benassai, D., Peverieri, S.G., P.F., R., 2013. Effects of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) egg age on the indigenous parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Redia, 96, 79-84.
  • Binazzi, F., Sabbatini Peverieri, G., Simoni, S., Frosinini, R., Fabbricatore, T., Roversi, P.F., 2015. An effective method for Graphosoma lineatum (L.) long-term rearing. Redia, 98, 155-160.
  • Danarun, S., Bumroongsook, S., 2017. Growth and Development of Ooencyrtus sp. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13(7), 1191-1197.
  • Eliopoulos, P.A., 2003. Study of the parasitoid Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as a biocontrol agent against moth pests of stored products. In. Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, p. 220.
  • Erkaya, İ., 2020. Predators and Parasitoids of Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams) in Western Mediterranean Region in Turkey. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(1), 7-13.
  • Federico, R.P., Francesco, B., Leonardo, M., Elena, C., Lara, M., Sabbatini Peverieri, G., 2016. Searching for native egg-parasitoids of the invasive alien species Halyomorpha halys Stål (Heteroptera Pentatomidae) in Southern Europe. Journal of Zoology, XCIX, 1-8.
  • Georgieva, M., Georgiev, G., Matova, M., Zaemszhikova, G., Mirchev, P., Boyadzhiev, P., 2020. Egg parasitoid complex of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on the Thasos Island, Greece. Silva Balcanica, 21(2), 35-44.
  • Halperin, J., 1990. Mass breeding of egg parasitoids (Hym., Chalcididae) of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. Journal of Applied Entomology, 109(4), 336-340.
  • Huang, D.W., Noyes, J.S., 1994. A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of the immature stages of economically important insect species (mainly Hemiptera and Lepidoptera). Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Entomol.), 63, 1-136.
  • Kitt, J., Schmidt, G., 1993. Parasitism of egg-batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in the mountains of Lahav (Israel). Journal of Applied Entomology, 115, 484-498.
  • Koçak, E., Emre, H.T., Şahin, A.K., Barış, A., Gökdoğan, A., Başaran, M.S., 2009. Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)'un Farklı Besinlerdeki Biyolojik Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 47-52.
  • Loyd, D.C., 1938. A study of some factors governing the choice of hosts and distribution of progeny by the chalcid Ooencyrtus kuvanae Howard. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 229, 275-322.
  • Maple, J.D., 1947. University of California Press. Berkeley.
  • Masutti, L., 1964. Ricerbe sui parasiti oofagi della Thaumetopoea pityocampae Schiff. Ann. Centro Econ. Mont Venezie, 4, 205-271.
  • Masutti, L., Battisti, A., Milani, N., Zanata, M., Zanazzo, G., 1993. In vitro rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hym., Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). Entomophaga, 38, 327-333.
  • Mirchev, P., Dautbasic, M., Mujezinovic, O., Georgiev, G., Georgieva, M., Boyadzhiev, P., 2015. Structure of Egg Batches, Hatching Rate and Egg Parasitoids of the Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis&Schiffmüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 67(4), 579-586.
  • Mirchev, P., Georgiev, G., Boyadzhiev, P., Matova, M., 2012. Impact of entomophages on density of Thaumetopoea pityocampa in egg stage near Ivayvovgrad, Bulgaria. Acta Zool. Bulg.(4), 103-110.
  • Mirchev, P., Tsankov, G., Georgiev, G., Koutsaftikis, A., Douma-Petridou, E., 1999. Comparative Investigation on the Hibernation of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) from Different Biotopes in Bulgaria and Greece. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica, 5(234), 82-88.
  • Mizrachi, A., 2006. Seasonal activity and aspects in reproductive behavior of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). In. Hebrew University, Jerusalem, p. 79.
  • Nechols, J.R., Tracy, J.L., Vogt, E.A., 1989. Comparative ecological studies of indigenous eggsquash bug, Anasatristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 62, 177-188.
  • Noyes, J.S., Hayat, M., 1984. A review of the genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Entomol.), 48, 131-395.
  • Pourabad, R.F., Dastjerdi, H.R., Fathi, A.A., 2008. Effect of Feeding on Seeds of Five Species of Umbelliferae on the Rate of Development and Fecundity of Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(12), 1411-1414.
  • Ribes, J., Pagola-Carte, S., Zabalegui, I., 2008. On Some Palearctic Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae). Heteropterus Revista de Entomología, 8(2), 155-169.
  • Samra, S., Cascone, P., Noyes, J.S., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Guerrieri, E., Mendel, Z., 2018. Diversity of Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing the eggs of Stenozygum coloratum (Klug) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of two new species. Plos One, 13(11), e0205245.
  • Samra, S., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Branco, M., Mendel, Z., 2015a. Genetic Diversity and Host Alteration of the Egg Parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae Between the Pine Processionary Moth and the Caper Bug. Plos One, 10(4), e0122788.
  • Samra, S.M., Ghanim, M., Protasov, A., Mendel, Z., 2015b. Comparative study of development parameters of four Ooencyrtus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on natural and factitious hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 334-345.
  • Schmidt, G.H., Tanzen, E., Bellin, S., 1999. Structure of egg-batches of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. And Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae), egg parasitoids and rate of egg parasitism on the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Applied Entomology, 123, 449-458.
  • Shaw, M.R., 1997. Rearing parasitic Hymenoptera. The Amateur Entomologist Series. Amateur Entomologists' Society, 25, 1-46.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., 2006. Çankırı Ormanlarının Zararlı Böcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri. Gazi Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 98-119.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., Yurt, E., 2017. Researches on Determination of the Egg Parasitoids and Efficiencies of the Pine Processionary Moth [Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.)] in Black Pine Forest in Çankırı (Eldivan). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 210-218.
  • Tiberi, R., 1978. Notrizie preliminari sull’incidenza dei parassili oolaggi nelle poplazioni di processionaria del pino in giovani pinele dell’Itelia centrale. Redia, 61, 487-501.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Roversi, P.F., Sacchetti, P., 1991. Laboratory rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) on eggs of Nezara viridula (L.) and other pentatomid eggs. Redia, 74, 467-469.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Sacchetti, P., 1993. Allevamento di Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) 437 su uova di rincori pentatomidi. MA.F. Convegno «Piante forestali», Frienze, 5 marzo 1992 (Coord. M. Covassi) Ist Sper Pat Veg, Roma, 78-84.
  • Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Sacchetti, P., 1994. Parassitizzazione delle uova di Thaumetopoea pityocampa: Modifi cazioni conseguenti al potenziamento artifi ciale di Ooencyrtus pityocampae. In, Atti XVII Congresso nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, , Udine, pp. 763-766.
  • Tsankov, G., Douma-Petridou, E., Mirchev, P., Georgiev, G., Koutsaftikis, A., 1999. Spectrum of Egg Parasitoids and Rate of Parasitism of Egg Batches of the Pine Processionary Moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den.&Schiff.) in the Northern Peloponnes/Greece. J. Ent. Soc. Res., 1(2), 1-8.
  • Tsankov, G., Schmidt, G.H., Mirchev, P., 1996. Parasitism of egg-batches of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den & Schiff) (Lep, Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of Bulgaria. Journal of Applied Entomology, 120, 93-105.
  • Tsankov, G., Schmidt, G.H., Mirchev, P., 1998. Studies on the egg parasitism in Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. &Schiff.) over a period of four years (1991-1994) at Marikostino/Bulgaria. Anz. Schadlingskunde., Pflanzenschutz, Umwelschutz, 71, 1-7.
  • Tunca, H., Buradino, M., Colombele, E.M., Tabone, E., 2016. Tendency and consequences of superparasitism for the parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in parasitizing a new laboratory host, Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Eur. J. Entomol., 113, 51-59.
  • Tunca, H., Colombel, E.A., Soussan, T.B., Buradino, M., Galio, F., Tabone, E., 2015. Optimal biological parameters for rearing Ooencyrtus pityocampae on the new laboratory host Philosamia ricini. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 527-535.
  • Tunca, H., Venard, M., Colombel, E.A., Capelli, M., Tabone, E., 2019. Life history traits of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reared on Halyomorpha halys eggs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Entomologia Generalis, 39(2), 93-101.
  • Voyvot, S., 2018. Türkiye'de çam keseböceği, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) ve T. wilkinsoni (Tams, 1924) (Lepidoptera:Notodontidae)'nin yumurta parazitoitleri. In, Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,, Trabzon, p. 60.
  • Wilkinson, D.S., 1926. The Cyprus Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni, Tams). 17(2), 163-182. Zhang, Y.Z., Li, W., Huang, D.W., 2005. A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Ooencyrtus (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zool. Stud., 44, 347-360.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Naghan Nooruldeen Saab 0000-0002-6734-4890

Ziya Şimşek 0000-0002-4401-491X

Yalçın Kondur 0000-0002-6923-7060

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Saab, N. N., Şimşek, Z., & Kondur, Y. (2023). Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1255534
AMA Saab NN, Şimşek Z, Kondur Y. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi. AOAD. Haziran 2023;9(1):70-80. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1255534
Chicago Saab, Naghan Nooruldeen, Ziya Şimşek, ve Yalçın Kondur. “Ooencyrtus Pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma Lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği Ve Parazitlenme süresinin Etkisi”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 70-80. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1255534.
EndNote Saab NN, Şimşek Z, Kondur Y (01 Haziran 2023) Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 1 70–80.
IEEE N. N. Saab, Z. Şimşek, ve Y. Kondur, “Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi”, AOAD, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 70–80, 2023, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.1255534.
ISNAD Saab, Naghan Nooruldeen vd. “Ooencyrtus Pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma Lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği Ve Parazitlenme süresinin Etkisi”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/1 (Haziran 2023), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1255534.
JAMA Saab NN, Şimşek Z, Kondur Y. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi. AOAD. 2023;9:70–80.
MLA Saab, Naghan Nooruldeen vd. “Ooencyrtus Pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma Lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği Ve Parazitlenme süresinin Etkisi”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 70-80, doi:10.53516/ajfr.1255534.
Vancouver Saab NN, Şimşek Z, Kondur Y. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)’nın Graphosoma lineatum (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) yumurtalarındaki etkinliği ve parazitlenme süresinin etkisi. AOAD. 2023;9(1):70-8.
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