Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’nin yarı kurak bölgesi Anadolu karaçam ormanında bakının toprak özellikleri üzerine etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 13.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1081634

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Orta Anadolu’da aynı iklim, bitki örtüsü ve ana materyale sahip Anadolu karaçam ormanında bakının toprak fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri (toprak kalitesi göstergeleri) üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tüm bakılarda Anadolu karaçamı ana türdür. Meşe ve sedir tüm bakılarda, ardıç ise sadece kuzey bakıda karışıma katılmıştır. Toprak özellikleri üst toprakta (0-15 cm) 50x50 m grid sistemi ile belirlenmiştir. Toplam 150 adet toprak örneğinde fiziksel ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi sonucuna göre, organik karbon, toplam azot, hacim ağırlığı, pH ve toprak tekstürü arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bakının güneşlenme, buharlaşma, biyolojik aktivite ve toprak nem içeriği üzerindeki doğrudan etkileri nedeni ile orman topraklarını etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akhavan, R., Amiri, Z., Zobeiri, M., 2010. Spatial variability of forest growing stockusing geostatistics in the Caspian region of Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 43-53.
  • Anonymous, 1998. Çankırı İli Arazi Varlığı. T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları (Mülga), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 2016. Eldivan Meteorology Station, Climate Values (1980-2015). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey.
  • Anşin, R., 1983. Flora regions of Turkey and the main vegetation types spreading in these regions. Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry magazine, 6(2), 318-339.
  • Atalay, İ. 1997. Geography of Turkey. University of Ege Press, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 215 (in Turkish). Atalay, İ., 2014. Ecoregions of Turkey, second ed. Meta Printing, Turkey.
  • Batjes, N.H., 1999. Management Options for Reducing CO2 concentrations in the Atmosphere by Increasing Carbon Sequestration in the Soil. Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change & Technical Paper 30: 410-200-031. Wageningen: International Soil Reference and Information Centre. 114 pp.
  • Beaty, R.M., Taylor, A.H., 2001. Spatial and temporal variation of fire regimes in a mixed conifer forest landscape, Southern Cascades, California, USA, Journal of Biogeography, 28, 955-966.
  • Begum, F., Bajracharya, R.M., Sharma, S., Sitaula, B.K., 2010. Influence of slope aspect on soil physico-chemical and biological properties in the mid-hills of central Nepal. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 17(5), 438-443.
  • Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J., 2000. The influence of topography on tree growth, mortality, and recruitmentin a tropical montane forest. Biotropica 32(3), 378-384.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk density and particle density. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and Minerological Methods. ASSA No. 9, 363-381.
  • Bourgeron, P.S., 1983. Spatial aspects of vegetation structure. pp. 29-47 in Golley, F. B. (ed.). Ecosystems of the world 14A - Tropical rain forest ecosystems, structure and function. Elsevir, Amsterdam.
  • Bouyoucous, G.J.A., 1951. Recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M., 1996. Total nitrogen. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 1085-1122.
  • Brubaker, S.C., Jones, A.J., Lewis, D.T., Frank, K., 1993. Soil properties associated with landscape position. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 235-239.
  • Canadell, J., Raupach, M.R., 2008. Managing forests for climate change mitigation. Science, 320, 1456-1457.
  • Cantlon, J., 1953. Vegetation and microclimates of north and south slopes of Cushetunk mountain, New Jersey. Ecological Monographs, 23, 241-270.
  • Daws, M.I., Mullins, C.E., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Paton, S.R., Dalling, J.W., 2002. Topographic position affects the water regime in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Panama. Plant and Soil, 238, 79-90.
  • Dengiz, O., Kızılkaya, R., Göl, C., Hepsen, S., 2007. Effects of Different Topographic Positions on Soil Properties and Soil Enzymes Activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(3), 2295-2306.
  • Eisenlohr, P.V., Alves, L.F., Bernacci, L.C. et al. 2013. Disturbances, elevation, topography and spatial proximity drive vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient of a top biodiversity hotspot. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22, 2767-2783.
  • Fissore, C. Dalzell, B.J., Berhe, A.A., Voegtle, M., Evans, M. Wu, A., 2017. Influence of topography on soil organic carbon dynamics in a Southern California grassland. Catena, 149(1), 140-149.
  • Göl, C., Dengiz, O., 2007. Land use and land cover variation and soil properties of Cankırı-Eldivan Karataşbağı river basin. University of Ondokuz Mayıs, J. Agric. Sci. Turk. 22(1), 86-97.
  • Göl, C., 2009. The effects of land use change on soil properties and organic carbon at Dağdamı river catchment in Turkey. Journal of Envıronmental Bıology, 30(5): 825-830.
  • Göl, C., Baran, A., Çakir, M., 2010a. Comparison of Soil Properties Between Pure and Mixed Uludag Fir, Abies nordmanniana ssp bornmülleriana Mattf Stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Ekoloji, 19(75), 33-40.
  • Göl, C., Sezgin, M., Dölarslan, M., 2010b. Evaluation of soil properties and flora under afforestation and natural forest in semi-arid climate of central Anatolia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(1), 21-31.
  • Göl, C., Erşahin, S., 2012. Assessment of Organic Matter Content in Highland Forest Soils in Central Anatolia of Turkey. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 8529.
  • Göl, C., Bulut, S., Bolat, F., 2017. Comparison of different interpolation methods for spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and some soil properties in the Black Sea backward region of Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134, 85-91.
  • Gupta, R.K., Rao, D.L.N., 1994 Potential of wastelands for sequestering carbon by reforestation. Current Science, 66, 378-380.
  • Herwitz, S.R., Young, S.S. 1994. Mortality, recruitment, and growth rates of montane tropical rain forest canopy trees on Mount Bellenden-Ker, Northeast Queensland, Australia. Biotropica, 350-361.
  • IPCC, 2007. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., et al. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Agenda, vol. 6, pp. 333.
  • Işık, E., Göl, C., 2021. Assessment of some soil properties and organic carbon and total nitrogen storage capacities of natural and plantation black pine forests in semi-arid regions. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(3), 202-210.
  • Jasińska, j., Sewerniak, p., Markiewicz, m., 2019. Links between slope aspect and rate of litter decomposition on inland dunes. Catena, 172, 501-508.
  • Jeyanny, V., Balasundram, S.K., Husni, M.H.A., Wan Rasidah, K., Arifin, A., 2013. Spatial Variability Of Selected Forest Soil Properties Related To Carbon Management In Tropical Lowland And Montane Forests. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25(4), 577-590.
  • Jiang, X., Xu, D., Rong, J:, Ai, X., Ai, S., Su, X., Sheng, M., Yang, S., Zhang, J., Ai, Y., 2021. Landslide and aspect effects on artificial soil organic carbon fractions and the carbon pool management index on road-cut slopes in an alpine region, Catena, 199, 105094.
  • Johnston, M.H., 1992. Soil-vegetation relationships in a Tabonuco forest community in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 8, 253-263.
  • Karahan, G., Erşahin, S., 2018. Geostatistics in characterizing spatial variability of forest ecosystems. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 6(1), 9-22.
  • Ketin, İ., 1962. 1:500 000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası. Sinop. MTA Yayınları. Ankara.
  • Kristensen, T., Ohlson, M., Bolstad, P., Nagy, Z., 2015. Spatial variability of organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest stands implications and suggestions for sampling designs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 521.
  • Kutiel, P., 1992. Slope aspect effect on soil and vegetation in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Israel Journal of Botany, 41: 243-250.
  • Lal, R., Hassan, H.M., Dumanski, J., 1999. Desertification control to sequester C and mitigate the greenhouse effect. St. Michaels Workshop on Carbon Sequestration and Desertification, Pacific Northwest National Lab., St. Michaels, pp. 83-149. Batelle Press.
  • Le Houe´rou, H.N., 1995. Climate change, drought and desertification. Journal of Arid Environments, 33, 133-185. Lemenih, M., Itanna, F., 2004. Soil carbon stock and turnovers in various vegetation types and arable lands along an elevation gradient in southern Ethiopia. Geoderma, 123, 177-188.
  • Li, Z., Zhao, Q., 2001. Organic carbon content and distribution in soils under different land uses in tropical and subtropical China. Plant Soil, 231, 175-185.
  • Lozano-García, B., Parras-Alcántara, L., Brevik, E.C., 2016. Impact of topographic aspect and vegetation (native and reforested areas) on soil organic carbon and nitrogen budgets in Mediterranean natural areas. Science of the Total Environment, 544, 963-970.
  • Mann, L.K., 1986. Changes in soil carbon storage after cultivation. Soil Science, 142, 279-288.
  • Maren, I. E., Karki, S., Prajapati, C., Yadav, R. K., Shrestha, B.B., 2015. Facing north or south: Does slope aspect impact forest stand characteristics and soil properties in a semiarid trans-Himalayan valley? Journal of Arid Environments, 121, 112-123.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 961-1010.
  • Novara, A., Sarno, M., Gristina, L., 2021. No till soil organic carbon sequestration could be overestimated when slope effect is not considered. Science of the Total Environment, 757, 143758.
  • Olivero, A.M., Hix, D.M., 1998. Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of Southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems. Plant Ecology, 139, 177-187.
  • Paudel, S., Vetaas, O.R., 2014. Effects of topography and land use on woody plant species composition and beta diversity in an arid trans-Himalayan landscape, Journal of Mountain Science, 11(5), 1112-1122.
  • Pook, E.W., More, C.W., 1966. The influence of aspect on the composition and structure of dry sclerophyll forest on Black Mountain, Canberra. Australian Journal of Botany, 14, 223-242.
  • Price, M.F., Georg, G., Lalisa, A.D., Thomas, K., Daniel, M., Rosalaura, R., 2011. Mountain Forests in a Changing World: Realizing Values, Addressing Challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Rome.
  • Rhoades, C.C., Eckert, G.E., Coleman, D.C., 2000. Soil carbon differences among forest, agriculture and secondary vegetation in lower montane Ecuador. Ecological Applications, 10, 497-505.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy. SSSA Book Series No.5. Madison-USA.
  • Richard, H.L., Donald, L.S., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy. SSSA Book Series No. 5. Madison-USA.
  • Ringius, L., 1999. Soil Carbon Sequestration and the CDM. Opportunities and Challenges for Africa, Vol. 7. Oslo: Center for International Climate and Environmental Research. Pp. 33.
  • Scholes, R.J., 2020. The Future of semi-arid regions: a weak fabric unravels. Climate, 8(3), 43-54.
  • Shi, H.S., Xie, F., Zhou, Q., Shu, X., Zhang, K., Dang, C., Feng, S., Zhang, Q., Dang, H., 2019. Effects of topography on tree community structure in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in North-Central China, Forest, 10, 53.
  • Sidari, M., Ronzella, G., Vecchio, G., Muscolo, A., 2008. Influence of slope aspect on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a Pinus laricio forest ecosystem of Aspromonte (Southern Italy). European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 364-372.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA. Handbook No: 18. Washington D.C.
  • Tsui, C.C., Chen, Z.S., Hsieh, C.F., 2004. Relationships between soil properties and slope position in a lowland rain forest of southern Taiwan. Geoderma, 123, 131-142.
  • UNEP, 1992. World Atlas of Desertification. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. pp. 87.
  • Wang, L., Mou, P.P., Huang, J. Wang, J., 2007. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen in a subtropical forest in China. Plant Soil, 295,137-150.
  • Webster, R., 2001. Statistics to support soil research and their presentation. European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 331-340.
  • Yimer, F., Stig, L., Abdelkadir, A., 2006. Soil property variations in relation to topographic aspect and vegetation community in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 232, 90-99.
  • Yüksek, T., Göl, C., Yüksek, F., Yüksel, E.E., 2009. The effects of land-use changes on soil properties: The conversion of alder coppice to tea plantations in the Humid Northern Blacksea Region. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(7), 665-674.

Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 13.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1081634

Öz

This study assessed the influences of slope aspect on soil physicochemical properties (soil quality indicators) on contiguous south-north facing slopes and hill plain (ridge crest) of the mid-mountain in Central Anatolia, having the same climate, vegetation and parent material. Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. Pallasiana var. Pallasiana (Arnold)) was the dominant, and Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Richard), oak (Quercus sp.) were the co-dominant species in all aspects, whereas juniper (Juniperus sp.) was only recorded in north-facing forests. Some of the soil properties were determined on a grid with a 50 m sampling distance on the topsoil (0-15 cm depth). Accordingly, a total of 150 samples were taken from the three adjacent aspects. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical methods. The investigated soil variables were soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), bulk density (BD), texture, lime (CaCO3), and pH. The showed that differences between SOC, BD and soil texture were statistically significant at 0.05 levels. Topographic aspect induced microclimatic differences were found to be important factors for the significant variations in SOC stocks. The resulting analyses showed no significant variation (p < 0.05) across slope aspects for SOM, TN, lime, and pH. The differences may be attributed to topographic aspect induced microclimatic differences, which cause differences in the biotic soil component and organic matter trend and affect soil fertility. These results suggest that the slope aspect affects the soils of mountain forests through their direct influence on radiation, evaporation, biological activity, and soil moisture content.

Kaynakça

  • Akhavan, R., Amiri, Z., Zobeiri, M., 2010. Spatial variability of forest growing stockusing geostatistics in the Caspian region of Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 43-53.
  • Anonymous, 1998. Çankırı İli Arazi Varlığı. T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları (Mülga), Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 2016. Eldivan Meteorology Station, Climate Values (1980-2015). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey.
  • Anşin, R., 1983. Flora regions of Turkey and the main vegetation types spreading in these regions. Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry magazine, 6(2), 318-339.
  • Atalay, İ. 1997. Geography of Turkey. University of Ege Press, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 215 (in Turkish). Atalay, İ., 2014. Ecoregions of Turkey, second ed. Meta Printing, Turkey.
  • Batjes, N.H., 1999. Management Options for Reducing CO2 concentrations in the Atmosphere by Increasing Carbon Sequestration in the Soil. Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change & Technical Paper 30: 410-200-031. Wageningen: International Soil Reference and Information Centre. 114 pp.
  • Beaty, R.M., Taylor, A.H., 2001. Spatial and temporal variation of fire regimes in a mixed conifer forest landscape, Southern Cascades, California, USA, Journal of Biogeography, 28, 955-966.
  • Begum, F., Bajracharya, R.M., Sharma, S., Sitaula, B.K., 2010. Influence of slope aspect on soil physico-chemical and biological properties in the mid-hills of central Nepal. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 17(5), 438-443.
  • Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J., 2000. The influence of topography on tree growth, mortality, and recruitmentin a tropical montane forest. Biotropica 32(3), 378-384.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk density and particle density. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and Minerological Methods. ASSA No. 9, 363-381.
  • Bourgeron, P.S., 1983. Spatial aspects of vegetation structure. pp. 29-47 in Golley, F. B. (ed.). Ecosystems of the world 14A - Tropical rain forest ecosystems, structure and function. Elsevir, Amsterdam.
  • Bouyoucous, G.J.A., 1951. Recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M., 1996. Total nitrogen. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 1085-1122.
  • Brubaker, S.C., Jones, A.J., Lewis, D.T., Frank, K., 1993. Soil properties associated with landscape position. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 235-239.
  • Canadell, J., Raupach, M.R., 2008. Managing forests for climate change mitigation. Science, 320, 1456-1457.
  • Cantlon, J., 1953. Vegetation and microclimates of north and south slopes of Cushetunk mountain, New Jersey. Ecological Monographs, 23, 241-270.
  • Daws, M.I., Mullins, C.E., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Paton, S.R., Dalling, J.W., 2002. Topographic position affects the water regime in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Panama. Plant and Soil, 238, 79-90.
  • Dengiz, O., Kızılkaya, R., Göl, C., Hepsen, S., 2007. Effects of Different Topographic Positions on Soil Properties and Soil Enzymes Activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(3), 2295-2306.
  • Eisenlohr, P.V., Alves, L.F., Bernacci, L.C. et al. 2013. Disturbances, elevation, topography and spatial proximity drive vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient of a top biodiversity hotspot. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22, 2767-2783.
  • Fissore, C. Dalzell, B.J., Berhe, A.A., Voegtle, M., Evans, M. Wu, A., 2017. Influence of topography on soil organic carbon dynamics in a Southern California grassland. Catena, 149(1), 140-149.
  • Göl, C., Dengiz, O., 2007. Land use and land cover variation and soil properties of Cankırı-Eldivan Karataşbağı river basin. University of Ondokuz Mayıs, J. Agric. Sci. Turk. 22(1), 86-97.
  • Göl, C., 2009. The effects of land use change on soil properties and organic carbon at Dağdamı river catchment in Turkey. Journal of Envıronmental Bıology, 30(5): 825-830.
  • Göl, C., Baran, A., Çakir, M., 2010a. Comparison of Soil Properties Between Pure and Mixed Uludag Fir, Abies nordmanniana ssp bornmülleriana Mattf Stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Ekoloji, 19(75), 33-40.
  • Göl, C., Sezgin, M., Dölarslan, M., 2010b. Evaluation of soil properties and flora under afforestation and natural forest in semi-arid climate of central Anatolia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(1), 21-31.
  • Göl, C., Erşahin, S., 2012. Assessment of Organic Matter Content in Highland Forest Soils in Central Anatolia of Turkey. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 8529.
  • Göl, C., Bulut, S., Bolat, F., 2017. Comparison of different interpolation methods for spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and some soil properties in the Black Sea backward region of Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134, 85-91.
  • Gupta, R.K., Rao, D.L.N., 1994 Potential of wastelands for sequestering carbon by reforestation. Current Science, 66, 378-380.
  • Herwitz, S.R., Young, S.S. 1994. Mortality, recruitment, and growth rates of montane tropical rain forest canopy trees on Mount Bellenden-Ker, Northeast Queensland, Australia. Biotropica, 350-361.
  • IPCC, 2007. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., et al. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Agenda, vol. 6, pp. 333.
  • Işık, E., Göl, C., 2021. Assessment of some soil properties and organic carbon and total nitrogen storage capacities of natural and plantation black pine forests in semi-arid regions. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(3), 202-210.
  • Jasińska, j., Sewerniak, p., Markiewicz, m., 2019. Links between slope aspect and rate of litter decomposition on inland dunes. Catena, 172, 501-508.
  • Jeyanny, V., Balasundram, S.K., Husni, M.H.A., Wan Rasidah, K., Arifin, A., 2013. Spatial Variability Of Selected Forest Soil Properties Related To Carbon Management In Tropical Lowland And Montane Forests. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25(4), 577-590.
  • Jiang, X., Xu, D., Rong, J:, Ai, X., Ai, S., Su, X., Sheng, M., Yang, S., Zhang, J., Ai, Y., 2021. Landslide and aspect effects on artificial soil organic carbon fractions and the carbon pool management index on road-cut slopes in an alpine region, Catena, 199, 105094.
  • Johnston, M.H., 1992. Soil-vegetation relationships in a Tabonuco forest community in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 8, 253-263.
  • Karahan, G., Erşahin, S., 2018. Geostatistics in characterizing spatial variability of forest ecosystems. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 6(1), 9-22.
  • Ketin, İ., 1962. 1:500 000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası. Sinop. MTA Yayınları. Ankara.
  • Kristensen, T., Ohlson, M., Bolstad, P., Nagy, Z., 2015. Spatial variability of organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest stands implications and suggestions for sampling designs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 521.
  • Kutiel, P., 1992. Slope aspect effect on soil and vegetation in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Israel Journal of Botany, 41: 243-250.
  • Lal, R., Hassan, H.M., Dumanski, J., 1999. Desertification control to sequester C and mitigate the greenhouse effect. St. Michaels Workshop on Carbon Sequestration and Desertification, Pacific Northwest National Lab., St. Michaels, pp. 83-149. Batelle Press.
  • Le Houe´rou, H.N., 1995. Climate change, drought and desertification. Journal of Arid Environments, 33, 133-185. Lemenih, M., Itanna, F., 2004. Soil carbon stock and turnovers in various vegetation types and arable lands along an elevation gradient in southern Ethiopia. Geoderma, 123, 177-188.
  • Li, Z., Zhao, Q., 2001. Organic carbon content and distribution in soils under different land uses in tropical and subtropical China. Plant Soil, 231, 175-185.
  • Lozano-García, B., Parras-Alcántara, L., Brevik, E.C., 2016. Impact of topographic aspect and vegetation (native and reforested areas) on soil organic carbon and nitrogen budgets in Mediterranean natural areas. Science of the Total Environment, 544, 963-970.
  • Mann, L.K., 1986. Changes in soil carbon storage after cultivation. Soil Science, 142, 279-288.
  • Maren, I. E., Karki, S., Prajapati, C., Yadav, R. K., Shrestha, B.B., 2015. Facing north or south: Does slope aspect impact forest stand characteristics and soil properties in a semiarid trans-Himalayan valley? Journal of Arid Environments, 121, 112-123.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Ser. 5. 3. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 961-1010.
  • Novara, A., Sarno, M., Gristina, L., 2021. No till soil organic carbon sequestration could be overestimated when slope effect is not considered. Science of the Total Environment, 757, 143758.
  • Olivero, A.M., Hix, D.M., 1998. Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of Southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems. Plant Ecology, 139, 177-187.
  • Paudel, S., Vetaas, O.R., 2014. Effects of topography and land use on woody plant species composition and beta diversity in an arid trans-Himalayan landscape, Journal of Mountain Science, 11(5), 1112-1122.
  • Pook, E.W., More, C.W., 1966. The influence of aspect on the composition and structure of dry sclerophyll forest on Black Mountain, Canberra. Australian Journal of Botany, 14, 223-242.
  • Price, M.F., Georg, G., Lalisa, A.D., Thomas, K., Daniel, M., Rosalaura, R., 2011. Mountain Forests in a Changing World: Realizing Values, Addressing Challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Rome.
  • Rhoades, C.C., Eckert, G.E., Coleman, D.C., 2000. Soil carbon differences among forest, agriculture and secondary vegetation in lower montane Ecuador. Ecological Applications, 10, 497-505.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy. SSSA Book Series No.5. Madison-USA.
  • Richard, H.L., Donald, L.S., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy. SSSA Book Series No. 5. Madison-USA.
  • Ringius, L., 1999. Soil Carbon Sequestration and the CDM. Opportunities and Challenges for Africa, Vol. 7. Oslo: Center for International Climate and Environmental Research. Pp. 33.
  • Scholes, R.J., 2020. The Future of semi-arid regions: a weak fabric unravels. Climate, 8(3), 43-54.
  • Shi, H.S., Xie, F., Zhou, Q., Shu, X., Zhang, K., Dang, C., Feng, S., Zhang, Q., Dang, H., 2019. Effects of topography on tree community structure in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in North-Central China, Forest, 10, 53.
  • Sidari, M., Ronzella, G., Vecchio, G., Muscolo, A., 2008. Influence of slope aspect on soil chemical and biochemical properties in a Pinus laricio forest ecosystem of Aspromonte (Southern Italy). European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 364-372.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA. Handbook No: 18. Washington D.C.
  • Tsui, C.C., Chen, Z.S., Hsieh, C.F., 2004. Relationships between soil properties and slope position in a lowland rain forest of southern Taiwan. Geoderma, 123, 131-142.
  • UNEP, 1992. World Atlas of Desertification. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. pp. 87.
  • Wang, L., Mou, P.P., Huang, J. Wang, J., 2007. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen in a subtropical forest in China. Plant Soil, 295,137-150.
  • Webster, R., 2001. Statistics to support soil research and their presentation. European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 331-340.
  • Yimer, F., Stig, L., Abdelkadir, A., 2006. Soil property variations in relation to topographic aspect and vegetation community in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 232, 90-99.
  • Yüksek, T., Göl, C., Yüksek, F., Yüksel, E.E., 2009. The effects of land-use changes on soil properties: The conversion of alder coppice to tea plantations in the Humid Northern Blacksea Region. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(7), 665-674.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceyhun Göl 0000-0002-9102-5670

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Haziran 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Göl, C. (2022). Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1081634
AMA Göl C. Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey. AOAD. Haziran 2022;8(1):17-24. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1081634
Chicago Göl, Ceyhun. “Influences of Slope Aspects on Soil Properties of Anatolian Black Pine Forests in the Semiarid Region of Turkey”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 17-24. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1081634.
EndNote Göl C (01 Haziran 2022) Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 1 17–24.
IEEE C. Göl, “Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey”, AOAD, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 17–24, 2022, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.1081634.
ISNAD Göl, Ceyhun. “Influences of Slope Aspects on Soil Properties of Anatolian Black Pine Forests in the Semiarid Region of Turkey”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/1 (Haziran 2022), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1081634.
JAMA Göl C. Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey. AOAD. 2022;8:17–24.
MLA Göl, Ceyhun. “Influences of Slope Aspects on Soil Properties of Anatolian Black Pine Forests in the Semiarid Region of Turkey”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 17-24, doi:10.53516/ajfr.1081634.
Vancouver Göl C. Influences of slope aspects on soil properties of Anatolian black pine forests in the semiarid region of Turkey. AOAD. 2022;8(1):17-24.