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Distinguishing between Real Sexual Abuse and Unsubstantiated Sexual Abuse

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 83 - 95, 14.12.2022

Öz

The purpose of this article is to provide information on real and unsubstantiated sexual abuse and summarize the criteria used to distinguish these two concepts, in order to increase the awareness of both field experts and researchers about this extremely important and widespread social problem. In this context, firstly, information on the definition and scope of child sexual abuse (CSA) and unsubstantiated CSA was presented, and then the reasons and criteria for unfounded CSA were summarized. In addition, suggestions are given for field workers and researchers in the light of the relevant literature.

Kaynakça

  • Stoltenborgh M, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child maltreatment 2011; 16(2):79-101.
  • Peredave N, Guilera G, Forns M. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples:A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 2009; 29(1); 328-38.
  • TÜİK. Children Coming to or Brought to the Security Unit [in Turkish], https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuklar-2016;24680.
  • TÜİK. Child Statistics Incoming or Brought to the Security Unit [in Turkish], 2015-2019 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Juvenile-Statistics-Received-Into-Security-Unit-2015-2019;33632.
  • Kenny MC, & McEachern AG. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors of childhood sexual abuse: a selected review of the literature. Clinical psychology review 2000; 20(7):905-22.
  • Hofstede G. What is culture? A reply to baskerville. Accounting, organizations and society 2003; 28(7-8); 811-13.
  • Baker EJ. Assessing and managing allegations of child sexual abuse-an Australian perspective. Family and Conciliation Courts Review 1997; 35(3): 293-99.
  • Olafson E. Child sexual abuse: demography, impact, and interventions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 2011; 4(1): 8-21.
  • Finkelhor D. The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse. Child abuse & neglect 1994;18(5): 409-17.
  • Collin-Vézina D, Daigneault I, Hébert M. Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health 2013;7(1):1-9.
  • Putnam FW. Ten-year research update review: child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2003; 42(3):269-78.
  • Cyr M, Collin-Vézina D, Fast E, Hélie S, , Pelletier S, Fallon,B.. Young Offender Sexual Abuse Cases Under Protection Investigation: Are Sibling Cases Any Different?. Child Welfare 2014: 93(4).
  • Çelik GG, Tahiroglu AY, Avci A, Meral D, Çekin N. False allegation in abuse cases:: a case report. Anadolu Psychiatry 2008;9(1): 49.
  • O’Donohue W, Cummings C, Willis B. The frequency of false allegations of child sexual abuse: A critical review. Journal of child sexual abuse 2018;27(5): 459-75.
  • Bernet W. False statements and the differential diagnosis of abuse allegations. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2010;32(5): 903-10.
  • O’Donohue WT, Cirlugea O, Bennett N, Benuto LT. Psychological and investigative pathways to untrue allegations of child sexual abuse. In Forensic interviews regarding child sexual abuse 2016;6(1); 257-73).
  • Karanfil R, Akçan R, Orhan Ö Unfounded allegations of child sexual abuse and paranoid disorder: two case reports [in Turkish]. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 22(1): 53-7.
  • Brown T. Fathers and child abuse allegations in the context of parental separation and divorce. Family Court Review 2003;41(3): 367-80.
  • Laney C, Loftus EF. Recent advances in false memory research. South African Journal of Psychology 2013; 43(2): 137-46.
  • Boakes J. 3. False complaints of sexual assault: recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Medicine science and the law 1999;39(2): 112-20.
  • Kanovitz J. Hypnotic memories and civil sexual abuse trials. Vand. L. Rev 1992; 45: 1185.
  • Money J, Lamacz M. Genital examination and exposure experienced as nosocomial sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987;5(1): 67-9.
  • Mendez MF, Fras IA. The false memory syndrome: experimental studies and comparison to confabulations. Medical hypotheses 2011; 76(4):492-96.
  • Engle J, O'Donohue W. Pathways to false allegations of sexual assault. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2012; 12(2):97-123.
  • Rumney PN, McCartan KF. Purported false allegations of rape, child abuse and non-sexual violence: Nature, characteristics and implications. The Journal of Criminal Law 2017;81(6): 497-520.
  • Eyüpoğlu A. Criterion-Based Content Analysis of Child Victims of Sexual Abuse Statements [in Turkish]: CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis). Journal of Security Sciences 2010; 1(1):1-22.
  • Anson DA, Gully KJ. Valid child sexual abuse cases: the relationship of child and interview characteristics with the child's allegation. In Eighth National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, October 1989, UT.
  • Raskin DC, Esplin PW. Assessment of children's statements of sexual abuse. In The Suggestibility of Children's Recollections, Jun, 1989, Cornell U, Ithaca, NY, US; This volume is based in part on the aforementioned conference.. American Psychological Association.
  • Faller KC. Child sexual abuse. Columbia University Press, 1988: 35-8.
  • Gümüş AE. Çocuk cinsel istismarı şüphesinin bildirimi öncesinde çocukla yapılacak ilk görüşme. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2017; 20(1):45-58.
  • Wygant S. The Pitfalls and Hazards of Interviewing Non-Abused Children for Sexual Abuse and How to Avoid Them 2015;5(2):69.
  • Bruck M, Ceci SJ, Francoeur E. The accuracy of mothers' memories of conversations with their preschool children. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 1999;5(1): 89.
  • Coulborn-Faller K, Corwin DL. Children's interview statements and behaviors: Role in identifying sexually abused children. Child abuse & neglect 1995;19(1):71-82.
  • Hershkowitz I. The role of facilitative prompts in interviews of alleged sex abuse victims. Legal and Criminological Psychology 2002; 7(1): 63-71.
  • Orbach Y, Hershkowitz I, Lamb ME, Sternberg KJ, Esplin PW, Horowitz D. Assessing the value of structured protocols for forensic interviews of alleged child abuse victims. Child abuse & neglect 2000;24(6):733-52.
  • Ceci SJ, Huffman ML, Smith E, Loftus EF. Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition 1994; 3(3-4): 388-407.
  • Bruck M, Ceci SJ, Francoeur E, Renick A. Anatomically detailed dolls do not facilitate preschoolers' reports of a pediatric examination involving genital touching. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1995;1(2): 95.
  • Garven S, Wood JM, Malpass RS, Shaw III, JS. More than suggestion: the effect of interviewing techniques from the McMartin Preschool case. Journal of applied psychology 1998;83(3): 347.
  • Coleman L. Learning from the McMartin hoax. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations 1989;1(2): 68-71.
  • Wakefield H, Underwager R, Legrand R, Erickson J, Bartz CS. Accusations of child sexual abuse. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1988.
  • Money J, Lamacz M. Genital examination and exposure experienced as nosocomial sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987; 19(9):919-25.
  • Coleman L. False accusations of sexual abuse: psychiatry's latest reign of error. The Journal of mind and behavior 1990: 545-56.
  • De Zutter A, Horselenberg R, van Koppen PJ. Detecting the true nature of allegations of rape. Journal of police and criminal psychology 2017;32(2):114-27.
  • Kassin SM. False confessions: causes, consequences, and implications for reform. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2014; 1(1): 112-21.
  • Köroğlu E. DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria Reference Manual [in Turkish]; HYB Press, 2018.
  • van der Kolk B. The John Bowlby Memorial Lecture. Developmental trauma disorder: a new, rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories 1. In Trauma and attachment Routledge, 2006. p. 45-7.
  • Herman J. Trauma and recovery. İstanbul: Literatür Press.
  • Laskshmi NY, Sidney HK. Kaplan and sadock s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Pharmacological treatment of depression and bipolar disorders. 2017;9(1):6.
  • Perry BD, Szalavitz M. The boy who was raised as a dog: And other stories from a child psychiatrist's notebook--What traumatized children can teach us about loss, love, and healing. Hachette 2017;5(1): 52-7.
  • Seligman ME, Maier SF, Solomon RL. Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. Aversive conditioning and learning 1971; 347-400.
  • Terr L. Unchained memories: True stories of traumatic memories lost and found. Basic Books 1994.
  • Benjamin CL, O'Neil KA, Crawley SA, Beidas RS, Coles M, Kendall PC. Patterns and predictors of subjective units of distress in anxious youth. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy 2010; 38(4): 497-504.
  • Landin-Romero R, Moreno-Alcazar A, Pagani M, Amann BL. How does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy work? A systematic review on suggested mechanisms of action. Frontiers in psychology 2018;9(1): 1395.
  • Southwick SM, Morgan III CA, Darnell A. Trauma-related symptoms in veterans of operation desert storm: A 2-year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152(2):1150-55.
  • Yuille JC, Cutshall J. Analysis of the statements of victims, witnesses and suspects. In Credibility assessment: Dordrecht: Springer, 1989: 175-91.
  • Briere J, Conte J. Self-reported amnesia for abuse in adults molested as children. Journal of traumatic stress 1993; 6(1): 21-31.
  • Kocsis RN, Hayes AF, Irwin HJ. Investigative experience and accuracy in psychological profiling of a violent crime; Research Article 2002;16(1):5-7.
  • Aktepe E. Childhood sexual abuse [in Turkish]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry abuse 2009; 1(2): 95-119.
  • Green AH. Child maltreatment and its victims: a comparison of physical and sexual abuse. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1988;11(4):591-610.
  • Kendall-Tackett KA, Williams LM, Finkelhor D. Impact of sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological bulletin 1993; 113(1):164.
  • Friedrich W, Reams R. Course of psychological symptoms in sexually abused young children. Psychotherapy 1987; 24:160- 71.
  • Gully KJ, Hansen K, Britton H, Langley M, McBride KK. The child sexual abuse experience and the child sexual abuse medical examination: Knowing what correlations exist. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2000; 9(1):15-27.
  • Gordon BN, Schroeder CS, Abrams JM. Age and social-class differences in children's knowledge of sexuality. Clin Child 1990;19(1): 33-43.
  • Brilleslijper‐Kater SN, Baartman HE. What do young children know about sex? Research on the sexual knowledge of children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 2000;9(3): 166-82.
  • Güler G, Sungur MA, Kütük MÖ. Evaluation of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents [in Turkish]. Adli Tıp Bülteni 2018; 23(1): 39-46.
  • Alaggia R. Many ways of telling: expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure. Child Abuse & Neglect 2004;28(11): 1213-27.
  • Conte J, Wolfe S, Smith T. What sexual offenders tell us about prevention strategies. conversations with their preschool children. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1989;13:5.
  • Lamers-Winkelman F. Buffing F. Children's testimony in the netherlands: A study of statement validity analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1996;23(2): 304-21.
  • Odman MT, Odman L. Abused children, domestic abuse and neglect of the child [in Turkish], Yetkin yayınları, 2021. p.45.
  • Eckenrode J, Laird M, Doris J. School performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children. Developmental psychology 1993;29(1):53.
  • Boney-McCoy S, Finkelhor D. Prior victimization: a risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child abuse & neglect 1995;19(12): 1401-21.
  • Williams, LM. Recall of childhood trauma: a prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 1994; 62(6): 1167.
  • Walsh C, MacMillan H, Jamieson E. The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: findings from the Ontario Health Supplement. Child Abuse & Neglect 2002; 26: 11-22.
  • Tuncel D, Orhan FÖ. Diagnosis, Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Parasomnias; Current Approaches in Psychiatry [in Turkish], 2009; 1:280-96.
  • McNally RJ, Clancy SA. Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse, and space alien abduction. Transcultural psychiatry 2005; 42(1), 113-22.
  • 76. Stellar M, Koehnken G. Criteria-based statement analysis. In D. C. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in criminal investigation and evidence New York: Springer. 2005. p.217-45.

Gerçek Cinsel İstismar Asılsız Cinsel İstismarın Ayrımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 83 - 95, 14.12.2022

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı hem sahada çalışan uzmanların hem de araştırmacıların bu son derece önemli ve yaygın sosyal sorun hakkındaki farkındalığını artırmak için, gerçek ve asılsız cinsel istismara ilişkin bilgi sağlamak ve bu iki kavramın ayrımında kullanılan ölçütleri özetlemektir. Bu kapsamda, önce çocuk cinsel istismarı (ÇCİ) ve asılsız ÇCİ ile ilgili tanım ve kapsama dair bilgiler sunulmuş, daha sonra da asılsız ÇCİ sebepleri ve ölçütleri özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca, ilgili alan yazın ışığında saha çalışanları ve araştırmacılar için de öneriler verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Stoltenborgh M, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child maltreatment 2011; 16(2):79-101.
  • Peredave N, Guilera G, Forns M. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples:A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 2009; 29(1); 328-38.
  • TÜİK. Children Coming to or Brought to the Security Unit [in Turkish], https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuklar-2016;24680.
  • TÜİK. Child Statistics Incoming or Brought to the Security Unit [in Turkish], 2015-2019 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Juvenile-Statistics-Received-Into-Security-Unit-2015-2019;33632.
  • Kenny MC, & McEachern AG. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors of childhood sexual abuse: a selected review of the literature. Clinical psychology review 2000; 20(7):905-22.
  • Hofstede G. What is culture? A reply to baskerville. Accounting, organizations and society 2003; 28(7-8); 811-13.
  • Baker EJ. Assessing and managing allegations of child sexual abuse-an Australian perspective. Family and Conciliation Courts Review 1997; 35(3): 293-99.
  • Olafson E. Child sexual abuse: demography, impact, and interventions. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 2011; 4(1): 8-21.
  • Finkelhor D. The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse. Child abuse & neglect 1994;18(5): 409-17.
  • Collin-Vézina D, Daigneault I, Hébert M. Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health 2013;7(1):1-9.
  • Putnam FW. Ten-year research update review: child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2003; 42(3):269-78.
  • Cyr M, Collin-Vézina D, Fast E, Hélie S, , Pelletier S, Fallon,B.. Young Offender Sexual Abuse Cases Under Protection Investigation: Are Sibling Cases Any Different?. Child Welfare 2014: 93(4).
  • Çelik GG, Tahiroglu AY, Avci A, Meral D, Çekin N. False allegation in abuse cases:: a case report. Anadolu Psychiatry 2008;9(1): 49.
  • O’Donohue W, Cummings C, Willis B. The frequency of false allegations of child sexual abuse: A critical review. Journal of child sexual abuse 2018;27(5): 459-75.
  • Bernet W. False statements and the differential diagnosis of abuse allegations. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2010;32(5): 903-10.
  • O’Donohue WT, Cirlugea O, Bennett N, Benuto LT. Psychological and investigative pathways to untrue allegations of child sexual abuse. In Forensic interviews regarding child sexual abuse 2016;6(1); 257-73).
  • Karanfil R, Akçan R, Orhan Ö Unfounded allegations of child sexual abuse and paranoid disorder: two case reports [in Turkish]. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 22(1): 53-7.
  • Brown T. Fathers and child abuse allegations in the context of parental separation and divorce. Family Court Review 2003;41(3): 367-80.
  • Laney C, Loftus EF. Recent advances in false memory research. South African Journal of Psychology 2013; 43(2): 137-46.
  • Boakes J. 3. False complaints of sexual assault: recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Medicine science and the law 1999;39(2): 112-20.
  • Kanovitz J. Hypnotic memories and civil sexual abuse trials. Vand. L. Rev 1992; 45: 1185.
  • Money J, Lamacz M. Genital examination and exposure experienced as nosocomial sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987;5(1): 67-9.
  • Mendez MF, Fras IA. The false memory syndrome: experimental studies and comparison to confabulations. Medical hypotheses 2011; 76(4):492-96.
  • Engle J, O'Donohue W. Pathways to false allegations of sexual assault. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2012; 12(2):97-123.
  • Rumney PN, McCartan KF. Purported false allegations of rape, child abuse and non-sexual violence: Nature, characteristics and implications. The Journal of Criminal Law 2017;81(6): 497-520.
  • Eyüpoğlu A. Criterion-Based Content Analysis of Child Victims of Sexual Abuse Statements [in Turkish]: CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis). Journal of Security Sciences 2010; 1(1):1-22.
  • Anson DA, Gully KJ. Valid child sexual abuse cases: the relationship of child and interview characteristics with the child's allegation. In Eighth National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, October 1989, UT.
  • Raskin DC, Esplin PW. Assessment of children's statements of sexual abuse. In The Suggestibility of Children's Recollections, Jun, 1989, Cornell U, Ithaca, NY, US; This volume is based in part on the aforementioned conference.. American Psychological Association.
  • Faller KC. Child sexual abuse. Columbia University Press, 1988: 35-8.
  • Gümüş AE. Çocuk cinsel istismarı şüphesinin bildirimi öncesinde çocukla yapılacak ilk görüşme. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 2017; 20(1):45-58.
  • Wygant S. The Pitfalls and Hazards of Interviewing Non-Abused Children for Sexual Abuse and How to Avoid Them 2015;5(2):69.
  • Bruck M, Ceci SJ, Francoeur E. The accuracy of mothers' memories of conversations with their preschool children. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 1999;5(1): 89.
  • Coulborn-Faller K, Corwin DL. Children's interview statements and behaviors: Role in identifying sexually abused children. Child abuse & neglect 1995;19(1):71-82.
  • Hershkowitz I. The role of facilitative prompts in interviews of alleged sex abuse victims. Legal and Criminological Psychology 2002; 7(1): 63-71.
  • Orbach Y, Hershkowitz I, Lamb ME, Sternberg KJ, Esplin PW, Horowitz D. Assessing the value of structured protocols for forensic interviews of alleged child abuse victims. Child abuse & neglect 2000;24(6):733-52.
  • Ceci SJ, Huffman ML, Smith E, Loftus EF. Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition 1994; 3(3-4): 388-407.
  • Bruck M, Ceci SJ, Francoeur E, Renick A. Anatomically detailed dolls do not facilitate preschoolers' reports of a pediatric examination involving genital touching. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1995;1(2): 95.
  • Garven S, Wood JM, Malpass RS, Shaw III, JS. More than suggestion: the effect of interviewing techniques from the McMartin Preschool case. Journal of applied psychology 1998;83(3): 347.
  • Coleman L. Learning from the McMartin hoax. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations 1989;1(2): 68-71.
  • Wakefield H, Underwager R, Legrand R, Erickson J, Bartz CS. Accusations of child sexual abuse. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1988.
  • Money J, Lamacz M. Genital examination and exposure experienced as nosocomial sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987; 19(9):919-25.
  • Coleman L. False accusations of sexual abuse: psychiatry's latest reign of error. The Journal of mind and behavior 1990: 545-56.
  • De Zutter A, Horselenberg R, van Koppen PJ. Detecting the true nature of allegations of rape. Journal of police and criminal psychology 2017;32(2):114-27.
  • Kassin SM. False confessions: causes, consequences, and implications for reform. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2014; 1(1): 112-21.
  • Köroğlu E. DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria Reference Manual [in Turkish]; HYB Press, 2018.
  • van der Kolk B. The John Bowlby Memorial Lecture. Developmental trauma disorder: a new, rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories 1. In Trauma and attachment Routledge, 2006. p. 45-7.
  • Herman J. Trauma and recovery. İstanbul: Literatür Press.
  • Laskshmi NY, Sidney HK. Kaplan and sadock s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Pharmacological treatment of depression and bipolar disorders. 2017;9(1):6.
  • Perry BD, Szalavitz M. The boy who was raised as a dog: And other stories from a child psychiatrist's notebook--What traumatized children can teach us about loss, love, and healing. Hachette 2017;5(1): 52-7.
  • Seligman ME, Maier SF, Solomon RL. Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. Aversive conditioning and learning 1971; 347-400.
  • Terr L. Unchained memories: True stories of traumatic memories lost and found. Basic Books 1994.
  • Benjamin CL, O'Neil KA, Crawley SA, Beidas RS, Coles M, Kendall PC. Patterns and predictors of subjective units of distress in anxious youth. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy 2010; 38(4): 497-504.
  • Landin-Romero R, Moreno-Alcazar A, Pagani M, Amann BL. How does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy work? A systematic review on suggested mechanisms of action. Frontiers in psychology 2018;9(1): 1395.
  • Southwick SM, Morgan III CA, Darnell A. Trauma-related symptoms in veterans of operation desert storm: A 2-year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152(2):1150-55.
  • Yuille JC, Cutshall J. Analysis of the statements of victims, witnesses and suspects. In Credibility assessment: Dordrecht: Springer, 1989: 175-91.
  • Briere J, Conte J. Self-reported amnesia for abuse in adults molested as children. Journal of traumatic stress 1993; 6(1): 21-31.
  • Kocsis RN, Hayes AF, Irwin HJ. Investigative experience and accuracy in psychological profiling of a violent crime; Research Article 2002;16(1):5-7.
  • Aktepe E. Childhood sexual abuse [in Turkish]. Current Approaches in Psychiatry abuse 2009; 1(2): 95-119.
  • Green AH. Child maltreatment and its victims: a comparison of physical and sexual abuse. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1988;11(4):591-610.
  • Kendall-Tackett KA, Williams LM, Finkelhor D. Impact of sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological bulletin 1993; 113(1):164.
  • Friedrich W, Reams R. Course of psychological symptoms in sexually abused young children. Psychotherapy 1987; 24:160- 71.
  • Gully KJ, Hansen K, Britton H, Langley M, McBride KK. The child sexual abuse experience and the child sexual abuse medical examination: Knowing what correlations exist. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2000; 9(1):15-27.
  • Gordon BN, Schroeder CS, Abrams JM. Age and social-class differences in children's knowledge of sexuality. Clin Child 1990;19(1): 33-43.
  • Brilleslijper‐Kater SN, Baartman HE. What do young children know about sex? Research on the sexual knowledge of children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 2000;9(3): 166-82.
  • Güler G, Sungur MA, Kütük MÖ. Evaluation of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents [in Turkish]. Adli Tıp Bülteni 2018; 23(1): 39-46.
  • Alaggia R. Many ways of telling: expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure. Child Abuse & Neglect 2004;28(11): 1213-27.
  • Conte J, Wolfe S, Smith T. What sexual offenders tell us about prevention strategies. conversations with their preschool children. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1989;13:5.
  • Lamers-Winkelman F. Buffing F. Children's testimony in the netherlands: A study of statement validity analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1996;23(2): 304-21.
  • Odman MT, Odman L. Abused children, domestic abuse and neglect of the child [in Turkish], Yetkin yayınları, 2021. p.45.
  • Eckenrode J, Laird M, Doris J. School performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children. Developmental psychology 1993;29(1):53.
  • Boney-McCoy S, Finkelhor D. Prior victimization: a risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child abuse & neglect 1995;19(12): 1401-21.
  • Williams, LM. Recall of childhood trauma: a prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 1994; 62(6): 1167.
  • Walsh C, MacMillan H, Jamieson E. The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: findings from the Ontario Health Supplement. Child Abuse & Neglect 2002; 26: 11-22.
  • Tuncel D, Orhan FÖ. Diagnosis, Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Parasomnias; Current Approaches in Psychiatry [in Turkish], 2009; 1:280-96.
  • McNally RJ, Clancy SA. Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse, and space alien abduction. Transcultural psychiatry 2005; 42(1), 113-22.
  • 76. Stellar M, Koehnken G. Criteria-based statement analysis. In D. C. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in criminal investigation and evidence New York: Springer. 2005. p.217-45.
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Adli Tıp
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Sümer Öztanrıöver Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4970-7395

Aslı Bugay Sökmez 0000-0001-5832-9042

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Öztanrıöver S, Bugay Sökmez A. Gerçek Cinsel İstismar Asılsız Cinsel İstismarın Ayrımı. ATD. 2022;36(3):83-95.

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