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Sporda Stratejik Bir Yönetim Aracı Olarak Sosyal Sermaye Kavramının İncelenmesi ve Bazı Uluslararası Karşılaştırmalar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 15.08.2019

Arif Yüce Volkan Aydoğdu Sevda Gökce Yüce Hakan Katırcı

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370887

Öz

Sporda
sosyal sermaye, spor aracılığı ile gelişmekte olan toplumsal değerlere yönelik
değişimin nasıl kullanılacağına ve harekete geçirileceğine vurgu yapmaktadır.
Buna göre; sosyal sermaye, spor politikaları içerisinde toplulukların spora
katılımı için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek, spor alanında başarı ve performansı
arttırmak, her yaştan insana kendilerini geliştirme fırsatı sunmak, okul
çağındaki çocuklar ile farklı yerel spor topluluklarını bir araya getirmek gibi
toplumları kalkındırma temelli amaçlar barındırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu
araştırmanın temel amacı; sporda stratejik bir yönetim aracı olarak sosyal
sermaye kavramını doküman analizi yöntemi ile incelemektir. Buna göre sosyal
sermaye kavramını spor politikaları içerisine entegre eden Çekya,
Danimarka, İngiltere, Fransa, İrlanda ve İtalya’nın sosyal sermaye ve spora yönelik yönetim
stratejilerini incelemek ve sosyal sermaye kavramının öncüleri olan Bourdieu,
Coleman ve Putnam’ın görüşleri kapsamında değerlendirmek araştırmanın bir diğer
amacını oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen araştırma bulguları sonucunda sporda
stratejik bir yönetim aracı olarak sosyal sermayenin; spor ve sosyal sermayeye
ilişkin sosyolojik boyut, spora katılımın teşvik edilmesi, spor politikalarının
belirlenmesi ve spor tesislerinin yönetimi konusunda önemli roller oynadığı
belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak sosyal sermaye kavramını spor yönetim
stratejileri içerisine entegre eden ülkelerin çoğunluğunun Bourdieu, Coleman ve
Putnam’ın görüşlerinin her birinden farklı şekilde yararlandıkları ve olumlu
çıktılar elde ettikleri görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spor Sosyal Sermaye Sporda Sosyal Sermaye Spor Yönetimi ve Sosyal Sermaye

Kaynakça

  • Akdoğan, A.A. (2002). Toplumsal Sermaye: Yeni Sağın Küresel Yüzü. Yoksulluk, Şiddet ve İnsan Hakları, Ed. Yasemin Özdek, ISBN: 975-7669-89-TODAIE Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Andrissen, D. (2004). Making sense of intellectual capital: designing a method for the valuation of intangibles/D. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of political economy, 70(5, Part 2), 9-49.
  • Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1973). ‘Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction’, in Richard Brown. ed., Knowledge, Education, and Cultural Change, Tavistock, 487-511.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986), ‘The Forms of Capital’, in Richardson, John G., ed., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood 244-246.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative research journal, 9(2), 27-40.
  • Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1999). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, ve G. Lindzy (Ed.),The handbook of social psychology vol. 2 in( 151–192). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Coalter, F. (2007). Sports clubs, social capital and social regeneration:‘ill-defined interventions with hard to follow outcomes’?. Sport in society, 10(4), 537-559.
  • Coalter, F. (2008) Sport-indevelopment: Development for and through sport? In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. 39-67.
  • Cohen, D, & Prusak, L (2001). In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work. Harvard Business Press.
  • Coleman, J. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement), 95-120.
  • Commonwealth of Australia ( 2001 ) . Backing Australia ’s Sporting Ability . Canberra, Australia :Commonwealth of Australia.
  • Crabbe , T. ( 2007 ). Reaching the ‘hard to reach’ : engagement, relationship building and social control in sport based social inclusion work . International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing , 2 ( 1/2 ), pp. 27–40.
  • Crabbe , T. ( 2008 ). Avoiding the numbers game: Social theory, policy and sport ’ s role in the art of relationship building. In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. 21-37. Elsevier Oxford.
  • Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of business venturing, 18(3), 301-331.
  • Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual capital: The proven way to establish your company's real value by finding its hidden brainpower. Piatkus.
  • Ekşinat, R. (2015). Sosyal Sermayenin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmaya Etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (4):75-90.
  • Ferlander, S. (2007). The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health. Acta Sociologica , 50 (2), 115 – 128.
  • Field, J. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye. (Çeviren: Bahar Bilgen, Bayram Sen). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Fukuyama, M. F. (2000). Social capital and civil society. International Monetary Fund.
  • Government of Canada. (2001). Building Canada Through Sport: Towards a Canadian Sport Policy. Quebec, Canada: Author.
  • Groeneveld, M., Houlihan, B., Ohl, F. (2010). Social Capital and Sport Governance in Europe. Routledge.
  • Harper, R., & Kelly, M. (2003). Measuring social capital in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, 1-23.
  • Healy, T., & Côté, S. (2001). The Well-Being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Education and Skills. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
  • Holt , R. ( 1989 ). Sport and the British . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kundnani, A. (1999). Where do you want to go today? The rise of information capital. Race & Class. 40 (2/3). 49-71. DOI: 10.1177/030639689904000205.
  • Lenihan, D., McLean, J. (2012). The Canadian Sport Policy. Canada’s Public Policy Forum 1405-130 Albert St.
  • Liao, J., & Welsch, H. (2005). Roles of social capital in venture creation: Key dimensions and research implications. Journal of small business management, 43(4), 345-362.
  • Lin, N. (2001). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lin, N. (2005) “A Network Theory of Social Capital,” In the Handbook of Social Capital, edited by Dario Castiglione, Jan van Deth and Guglielmo Wolleb, Oxford University Press pp. 50-59.
  • Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review, 23(2), 242-266.
  • Nicholson, M., Hoye, R. (2008) Locating social capital in sport policy. In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. pp.70-91.
  • Nut, P. C. & Backoff, R. W.. (1992). Strategic Management of Public and Third Sector Organisations: A Handbook for Leaders. Jossey-Bass, San Fransisco.
  • OECD Insights, (2007). Human Capital: How What You Know Shapes Your Life, ISBN- 92-64-029095.
  • Ostrom, E. (2000). "Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3): 137-158.
  • Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T. K. (2003). A social science perspective on social capital: social capital and collective action. Revista Mexicana De Sociologia, 65(1), 155-233.
  • Papp, G. and Prisztoka, G. (1995) ‘Sportsmanship as an Ethical Value’, International Review for Sociology of Sport 30: 375–89.
  • Putnam , R. ( 2000 ) . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. 411-420.
  • Putnam, R.D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Rea-Holloway, M. (2008), “What’s The Matter WithSocial Capital? An Inductive Examination, A Dissertation in Community Philosphy” Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
  • Rosentraub, M., & Ijla, A. (2008). Sport facilities as social capital. Sport and social capital, 339-358.
  • Schultz, T. (1972), "Human Capital:Policy Issues and Research Opportunities", NBER Working Papers, Vol. 6, No. 4126, pp.1-84.
  • Seippel, Ø. (2006). Sport and social capital. Acta sociologica, 49(2), 169-183.
  • Sport England ( 2004 ) . National Framework for Sport: Making England an Active and Successful Sporting Nation – A Vision for 2020 . London : Sport England.
  • Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, Doubleday. New York, NY.
  • Stwart (1991) http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1991/06/03/75096/index.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2017
  • Sunay, H. (2002) “Türkiye’de Sporun Yaygınlaştırılması Kapsamında Çağdaş Spor Yöneticilerinin Rolü ve Önemi”7.Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Bildiri kitap- çığı, s.263-272, 2002, Antalya.
  • Sveiby, K. E. (1998). Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management http://www. sveiby. com/articles. IntellectualCapital. html, Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2017
  • Svendsen G.L.H, Svendsen, G.T. (2003). “On the wealth of nations: Bourdieuconomics and social capital” Theory and Society 32/4 (2003): 607–631.
  • Throsby, D.(1999). Cultural Capital. Journal of Cultural Economics Vol 23: 3- 12
  • Tüylüoğlu, Ş. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye, İktisadi Performans ve Kalkınma: Bir Yazın Taraması, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6(12):14-60.
  • Uğuz, H. E. (2010) Kişisel ve Kurumsal Gelişmeye Farklı Bir Yaklaşım; Sosyal Sermaye, Ankara, Orion Kitabevi.
  • Uslaner, E. (1999) ‘Democracy and Social Capital’, in M. Warren (ed.) Democracy and Trust, pp. 121–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Winter, I. C. (2000). Towards a theorised understanding of family life and social capital (p. 21). Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
  • Woolcock, M. M. (2001) ‘The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes’, Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), pp. 11 – 17 .12
  • Zhang L. (2012). Does Quality Pay? Benefits of Attending a High-Cost, Prestigious College. Wiley: New York.

Examination Social Capital as a Strategic Management Tool in Sports and Some International Comparisons

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 18, 15.08.2019

Arif Yüce Volkan Aydoğdu Sevda Gökce Yüce Hakan Katırcı

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370887

Öz

Social capital in
sport emphasises how changes regarding developing social values with sports
will be used and will be used to take an action. Accordingly, social capital
contains social development-based objectives such as developing new strategies
inside sport policies for societies to engage with sports, increase success and
performance in sport area, offer developmental opportunities to people at all
ages, connecting children in school period and different local sport societies.
In this context, the purpose of this research is to examine the concept of
social capital as a strategic management tool in sport with the help of document
analysis method. Accordingly, examine sport policies Czechia, Denmark, England,
France, Ireland and Italy countries which integrated social capital into their
sport policies and evaluate them within the context of Bourdieu, Coleman and
Putnam’s views, who are the pioneers of the concept of social capital has formed
the purpose. As a result of the research, social capital as a strategic
management tool in sports; the sociological dimension of sports and social
capital, encouraging participation in sports, determination of sports policies
and management of sports facilities has important roles. In addition, it is
seen that the majority of countries integrated the social capital into sports
management strategies have benefited differently from each of Bourdieu, Coleman
and Putnam's views and obtained positive outcomes. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sport Social Capital Social Capital in Sport Sport Management and Social Capital

Kaynakça

  • Akdoğan, A.A. (2002). Toplumsal Sermaye: Yeni Sağın Küresel Yüzü. Yoksulluk, Şiddet ve İnsan Hakları, Ed. Yasemin Özdek, ISBN: 975-7669-89-TODAIE Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Andrissen, D. (2004). Making sense of intellectual capital: designing a method for the valuation of intangibles/D. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of political economy, 70(5, Part 2), 9-49.
  • Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1973). ‘Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction’, in Richard Brown. ed., Knowledge, Education, and Cultural Change, Tavistock, 487-511.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986), ‘The Forms of Capital’, in Richardson, John G., ed., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood 244-246.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative research journal, 9(2), 27-40.
  • Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1999). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, ve G. Lindzy (Ed.),The handbook of social psychology vol. 2 in( 151–192). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Coalter, F. (2007). Sports clubs, social capital and social regeneration:‘ill-defined interventions with hard to follow outcomes’?. Sport in society, 10(4), 537-559.
  • Coalter, F. (2008) Sport-indevelopment: Development for and through sport? In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. 39-67.
  • Cohen, D, & Prusak, L (2001). In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work. Harvard Business Press.
  • Coleman, J. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement), 95-120.
  • Commonwealth of Australia ( 2001 ) . Backing Australia ’s Sporting Ability . Canberra, Australia :Commonwealth of Australia.
  • Crabbe , T. ( 2007 ). Reaching the ‘hard to reach’ : engagement, relationship building and social control in sport based social inclusion work . International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing , 2 ( 1/2 ), pp. 27–40.
  • Crabbe , T. ( 2008 ). Avoiding the numbers game: Social theory, policy and sport ’ s role in the art of relationship building. In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. 21-37. Elsevier Oxford.
  • Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of business venturing, 18(3), 301-331.
  • Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual capital: The proven way to establish your company's real value by finding its hidden brainpower. Piatkus.
  • Ekşinat, R. (2015). Sosyal Sermayenin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmaya Etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 (4):75-90.
  • Ferlander, S. (2007). The Importance of Different Forms of Social Capital for Health. Acta Sociologica , 50 (2), 115 – 128.
  • Field, J. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye. (Çeviren: Bahar Bilgen, Bayram Sen). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Fukuyama, M. F. (2000). Social capital and civil society. International Monetary Fund.
  • Government of Canada. (2001). Building Canada Through Sport: Towards a Canadian Sport Policy. Quebec, Canada: Author.
  • Groeneveld, M., Houlihan, B., Ohl, F. (2010). Social Capital and Sport Governance in Europe. Routledge.
  • Harper, R., & Kelly, M. (2003). Measuring social capital in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, 1-23.
  • Healy, T., & Côté, S. (2001). The Well-Being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Education and Skills. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
  • Holt , R. ( 1989 ). Sport and the British . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kundnani, A. (1999). Where do you want to go today? The rise of information capital. Race & Class. 40 (2/3). 49-71. DOI: 10.1177/030639689904000205.
  • Lenihan, D., McLean, J. (2012). The Canadian Sport Policy. Canada’s Public Policy Forum 1405-130 Albert St.
  • Liao, J., & Welsch, H. (2005). Roles of social capital in venture creation: Key dimensions and research implications. Journal of small business management, 43(4), 345-362.
  • Lin, N. (2001). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lin, N. (2005) “A Network Theory of Social Capital,” In the Handbook of Social Capital, edited by Dario Castiglione, Jan van Deth and Guglielmo Wolleb, Oxford University Press pp. 50-59.
  • Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review, 23(2), 242-266.
  • Nicholson, M., Hoye, R. (2008) Locating social capital in sport policy. In: Sport and Social Capital. Ed: Matthew Nicholson, Russel Hoye. pp.70-91.
  • Nut, P. C. & Backoff, R. W.. (1992). Strategic Management of Public and Third Sector Organisations: A Handbook for Leaders. Jossey-Bass, San Fransisco.
  • OECD Insights, (2007). Human Capital: How What You Know Shapes Your Life, ISBN- 92-64-029095.
  • Ostrom, E. (2000). "Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3): 137-158.
  • Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T. K. (2003). A social science perspective on social capital: social capital and collective action. Revista Mexicana De Sociologia, 65(1), 155-233.
  • Papp, G. and Prisztoka, G. (1995) ‘Sportsmanship as an Ethical Value’, International Review for Sociology of Sport 30: 375–89.
  • Putnam , R. ( 2000 ) . Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. 411-420.
  • Putnam, R.D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Rea-Holloway, M. (2008), “What’s The Matter WithSocial Capital? An Inductive Examination, A Dissertation in Community Philosphy” Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
  • Rosentraub, M., & Ijla, A. (2008). Sport facilities as social capital. Sport and social capital, 339-358.
  • Schultz, T. (1972), "Human Capital:Policy Issues and Research Opportunities", NBER Working Papers, Vol. 6, No. 4126, pp.1-84.
  • Seippel, Ø. (2006). Sport and social capital. Acta sociologica, 49(2), 169-183.
  • Sport England ( 2004 ) . National Framework for Sport: Making England an Active and Successful Sporting Nation – A Vision for 2020 . London : Sport England.
  • Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, Doubleday. New York, NY.
  • Stwart (1991) http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1991/06/03/75096/index.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2017
  • Sunay, H. (2002) “Türkiye’de Sporun Yaygınlaştırılması Kapsamında Çağdaş Spor Yöneticilerinin Rolü ve Önemi”7.Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresinde sunulan bildiri, Bildiri kitap- çığı, s.263-272, 2002, Antalya.
  • Sveiby, K. E. (1998). Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management http://www. sveiby. com/articles. IntellectualCapital. html, Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2017
  • Svendsen G.L.H, Svendsen, G.T. (2003). “On the wealth of nations: Bourdieuconomics and social capital” Theory and Society 32/4 (2003): 607–631.
  • Throsby, D.(1999). Cultural Capital. Journal of Cultural Economics Vol 23: 3- 12
  • Tüylüoğlu, Ş. (2006). Sosyal Sermaye, İktisadi Performans ve Kalkınma: Bir Yazın Taraması, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6(12):14-60.
  • Uğuz, H. E. (2010) Kişisel ve Kurumsal Gelişmeye Farklı Bir Yaklaşım; Sosyal Sermaye, Ankara, Orion Kitabevi.
  • Uslaner, E. (1999) ‘Democracy and Social Capital’, in M. Warren (ed.) Democracy and Trust, pp. 121–150. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Winter, I. C. (2000). Towards a theorised understanding of family life and social capital (p. 21). Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
  • Woolcock, M. M. (2001) ‘The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes’, Isuma: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), pp. 11 – 17 .12
  • Zhang L. (2012). Does Quality Pay? Benefits of Attending a High-Cost, Prestigious College. Wiley: New York.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arif Yüce 0000-0003-3756-3870

Volkan Aydoğdu Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6044-2618

Sevda Gökce Yüce 0000-0002-2279-2139

Hakan Katırcı 0000-0002-2337-7711

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüce, A., Aydoğdu, V., Gökce Yüce, S., Katırcı, H. (2019). Sporda Stratejik Bir Yönetim Aracı Olarak Sosyal Sermaye Kavramının İncelenmesi ve Bazı Uluslararası Karşılaştırmalar. GSI Journals Serie B: Advancements in Business and Economics, 2(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370887
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