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The Impact of Cognitive Structure and Processeson Information Seeking

Year 2006, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 7 - 28, 01.01.2006

Abstract

Early information retrieval systems had been developed by working on the system and its outputs by ignoring the user. However, traditional processing and organization of the information are different from those in user's mind. At theend of 1970 s and in the beginning of 1980 s it was realised that the cognitive and affective aspects of the user have an effect upon the interaction between the system and the user, and the information seeking behaviour The studies related with user's information seeking behaviour and needs came to focus and a new viewpoint which is called cognitive viewpoint was applied. This viewpoint has emphazised on cognitive processes and emotional motivations in information seeking behaviour In this paper, user's cognitive structure, relevance, information seeking behaviour and the relations among them are examined

References

  • Allen,BryceL. (1991).Cognitive research in informationscience:Implicationsfor design.M.E.Williams (Yay. Haz.),Annual review of informationscience andtechnologyiçinde(Cilt 26,ss.1-37). New Jersey:American Society forInformationScience.
  • Ausubel, D.P.(1963).Cognitive structure andthe facilitation of meaningfulverbal learning.Journal of Teacher Education,14, 217-221.
  • Barnett,GeorgeA. ve Siegel G.(1988).Thediffusion ofcomputer assistedlegal research systems. Journal of theAmericanSociety for Information Science,39(4), 224-234.
  • Barry, CarolL.veSchamberL. (1998).Users' criteria for relevanceevaluation:A cross-situationalcomparison. InformationProcessingandManagement, 34(2/3),219
  • Bates, M.J. (1989). Thedesignofbrowsing and berrypickingtechniquesfor the onlinesearchinterface. Online Review,13, 407-424.
  • Belkin,N.J.,Oddy R.N.ve BrooksH.M. (1982a). ASK for informationretrieval: PartI. background andtheory. Journalof Documentation, 38(2),61-71.
  • Belkin,N.J.,Oddy R.N.ve BrooksH.M.(1982b). ASKfor informationretrieval: Part II.result of designstudy. Journal of Documentation, 38(3), 145-164.
  • Borgman,Christine L.(1986).The user'smentalmodel of aninformationretrieval system: An experimentona prototype onlinecatalog.International Journalof Man-MachineStudies,24(1),47-64.
  • Bruce, HarryW.(1994). A cognitiveview of thesituationaldynamismof user­ centered relevanceestimation.Journal of the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience,45(3), 142-148.
  • Burnkrant,R. E. (1976). A motivationalmodel of information-processing intensity. Journal ofConsumer Research, 3,21-30.
  • Cosijn,E. ve Ingwersen,P.(2000). Dimensions of relevance. Information ProcessingandManagement,36,533-550.
  • Cuadra, C.A.veKatter,R.V.(1967).Openingthe black boxof relevance. Journal of Documentation, 23(4),291-303.
  • Das, J.P.,Kirby, J.R. ve Jarman, R.F.(1979).Simultaneousand sequential cognitive processes. NewYork:Academic Press.
  • Davidson,D. Theeffect of individual differences cognitivestyle on judgments of documentrelevance.Journalof the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience,28,273-184.
  • Dervin,B. (1983). An overview of sensemaking research,concepts,methodsand resultsto date. Seattle,WA: Schoolof Communication,Universityof Washington.
  • Dervin,B. veNilan, M.(1986). Informationneedsanduses.M.E. Williams (Yay. Haz.), Annual Review of InformationScience andTechnology içinde(Cilt 21,ss.3-33). White Plains,NY:Knowledge Industry Publications.
  • Doyle,Lauren B. (1963). Isrelevance anadequatecriterionin retrievalsystem evaluation?HP Luhn (Yay.Haz.),Automation andscientific communication. 26thAnnual Meeting of the AmericanDocumentation Institute,Washington,D.C.'de sunulankısa bildiri.
  • Driscoll,Marcy Perkins.(1993). Psychology oflearningfor instruction: Learning andinstructionaltechnology. Boston: Allyn& Bacon.
  • Dumais, SusanT.ve LandauerT.K. (1984).Describingcategories of objectsfor menuretrieval systems.BehaviourResearch Methods,Instrumentsand Computers,16(2), 242-248.
  • Fenichel,CarolHansen.(1981). Online searching:measures that discriminate amonguserswith different typesof experiences.Journal of theAmerican Society for InformationScience, 32(1),24-34.
  • Glass,Arnold Lewis ve Holyoak,K. J.(1986). Cognition(2. bs.). New York: Random House.
  • Halpern,Davidve Nilan, M.(1988). Astep toward shiftingtheresearch emphasis ininformationsciencefrom thesystem totheuser: anempirical investigation.C.L.Borgman veE.Y.H. Dai (Yay.Haz.), ASIS'88: InformationandTechnology: Planningfor the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience51stAnnual Meeting:Cilt.25, ss. 169-176,Oct.23-27 Atlanta,GA. andMedford, NJ:Learned Information,Inc.
  • Hancock,Micheline.(1987).Subjectsearching behaviour at thelibrary catalogue andattheshelves: Implicationsfor onlineinteractive catalogues.Journal of Documentation, 43(4), 303-321.
  • Harter, StephenP.(1992). Psychologicalrelevanceandinformationscience. Journal of theAmericanSociety for InformationScience,43(October), 602-615.
  • Howard,Helen. (1982).Measures that discriminateamongonlinesearcheswith different trainingandexperience.Online Review,6(4),315-327.
  • Howard, JohnA.(1963). Marketing:Executive and buyer behavior.NewYork: ColumbiaUniversityPress.
  • Ingwersen, Peter. (1987). Towardsa newresearch paradigmin information retrieval. IreneWormell (Yay. Haz.),Knowledgeengineering: Export systemsandinformationretrievaliçinde(ss.150-168). London: Taylor Graham.
  • Janes, J. W.(1991). Relevancejudgmentsand the incrementalrepresentationof documentrepresentations. InformationProcessingandManagement, 26,6, 629-646.
  • Kartzer, J.veSnyder, H. (1990).Toward a morerealisticassessment of information retrieval performance.Proceedings of theASIS.Washington,DC,80-85.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1988). Developinga modelof thelibrary searchprocess: Cognitiveandaffective aspects.RQ, 28(2), 232-242.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1991). Insidethesearchprocess:Informationseeking from theuser'sperspective.Journal of the AmericanSociety for InformationScience,42(5),361-371.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1993). Aprinciple of uncertainty for information seeking.Journalof Documentation,49(4),339-355.
  • Luger, GeorgeF.(1994). Cognitivescience:Thescience intelligentsystems. SandDiego:Academic Press.
  • Mick, C.K., Lindsey G.N.veCallahanD. (1980).Toward usableuserstudies. Journal of the AmericanSociety for InformationScience, 31(5),347-365.
  • MoreheadD.R.,Pejtersen A.M. RouseW.B.(1984). Thevalue ofinformation andcomputer aided informationseeking:Problem formulationand applicationto fictionretrieval.InformationProcessingandManagement, 20(5/6),583-601.
  • Morgan,C.T.ve King,R.A.(1971). Introduction to psychology (3.bs.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Neisser,Ulric(1967).Cognitive psychology.(CenturyPsychologyDizisi) New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
  • Olşen, Şemsa (2000). Kullanıcınınbilgi seçiminde kararvermesini etkileyen bilişsel yapısıüzerinebirinceleme. (yayımlanmamışyüksek lisanstezi), Ankara: H.Ü. SosyalBilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Park, T.K.(1993).The nature of relevancein ınformationretrieval:An empirical study.LibraryQuarterly, 63,318-351.
  • Saracevic, Tefko. (1975). Relevance: A review of andaframeworkfor thethinking on thenotion in informationscience.Journalof the AmericanSociety for InformationScience,26(6),321-343.
  • Saracevic, Tefko. (1996). Relevancereconsidered 96.Proceedingsof theSecond International Conferenceon Conceptions of LibraryandInformation Science:Integrationin Perspective, içindes.201-218. Copenhagen: The Royal School of Librarianship.
  • Schamber,L. (1994). Relevanceandinformationbehavior.Annual Reviewof InformationScienceandTechnology,içindevol.29,s. 3-48. Medford, N. J: Information Today.
  • Schamber, L.,Eisenberg,M.B.ve Nilan, M.S.(1990). A re-examinationof relevance:Toward adynamic,situationaldefinition.Information ProcessingandManagement,26(6),755-776.
  • Shih, Hung-Pin(2004). Extended technology acceptance model of internet utilization behaviour. InformationandManagement, 41,6,719-729.
  • Swanson,D.R.(1986).Subjective versus objective relevanceinbibliographic retrieval systems. LibraryQuarterly,56,389-398.
  • Taylor, Robert S. (1968). Questionnegotiationandinformationseeking in libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29(May), 178-194.
  • Uçak, NazanÖzenç.(1997). Bilgigereksinimivebilgi arama davranışı.Türk Kütüphaneciliği,11(4), 315-325.
  • VanGigch,JohnP.(1991).Systemdesignmodelingandmetamodeling. NewYork: Plenum Press.
  • Vigil,Peter J.(1983). Thepsychology of onlinesearching.Journalof American Societyfor InformationScience,34(4),281-287.
  • Wilson,T(1981).On userstudies andinformationneeds. Journalof Documentation, 37(1),3-15.
  • Wilson,T (1984). Thecognitiveapproach to informationseeking behaviour and informationuse. Social Science InformationStudies, 4, 197-204.
  • Wilson, Tom veWalsh,C. Information behaviour: An inter-disciplinary perspective.16Kasım 2005tarihinde http://www.shef.ac.uk/~is/publications/prelims.htmladresindenerişildi.
  • Whitmire,E.Disciplinary differences andundergraduates' information seekingbehaviour Journalof theAmericanSociety for Information Scienceand Technology. 53, 8,631-638.

Bilişsel Yapının ve İşlemlerin Bilgi Arama Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2006, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 7 - 28, 01.01.2006

Abstract

Uzun yıllar bilgi erişim sistemleri, kullanıcı dikkate alınmaksızın, sadece sistem ve sistemden alınan çıktı üzerinde çalışılarak geliştirilmiştir. Ancak, bilgi erişim sistemlerinin işleyişi ve bilginin düzenlenmesi, kullanıcının bilgiyi zihninde işleyişinden farklıdır. 1970'lerin sonu ve 1980'lerin ilk yıllarında, kullanıcının bilişsel ve duygusal niteliğinin, sistemle olan iletişmini ve bilgi arama davranışını etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Kullanıcının bilgi arama davranışı ve bilgi ihtiyacıyla ilgili araştırmalara yeni bir bakış açısı getiren Bilişsel Yaklaşım, çalışmalarda uygulanmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, kullanıcının zihinsel işlemlerinin ve duygusal güdülerinin bilgi arama davranışını nasıl etkilediği üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Bu makalede, kullanıcının bilişsel yapısı, ilgililik, bilgi arama davranışı ve bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişki incelenecek ve daha iyi bilgi erişim sistemleri geliştirme yönünde önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

References

  • Allen,BryceL. (1991).Cognitive research in informationscience:Implicationsfor design.M.E.Williams (Yay. Haz.),Annual review of informationscience andtechnologyiçinde(Cilt 26,ss.1-37). New Jersey:American Society forInformationScience.
  • Ausubel, D.P.(1963).Cognitive structure andthe facilitation of meaningfulverbal learning.Journal of Teacher Education,14, 217-221.
  • Barnett,GeorgeA. ve Siegel G.(1988).Thediffusion ofcomputer assistedlegal research systems. Journal of theAmericanSociety for Information Science,39(4), 224-234.
  • Barry, CarolL.veSchamberL. (1998).Users' criteria for relevanceevaluation:A cross-situationalcomparison. InformationProcessingandManagement, 34(2/3),219
  • Bates, M.J. (1989). Thedesignofbrowsing and berrypickingtechniquesfor the onlinesearchinterface. Online Review,13, 407-424.
  • Belkin,N.J.,Oddy R.N.ve BrooksH.M. (1982a). ASK for informationretrieval: PartI. background andtheory. Journalof Documentation, 38(2),61-71.
  • Belkin,N.J.,Oddy R.N.ve BrooksH.M.(1982b). ASKfor informationretrieval: Part II.result of designstudy. Journal of Documentation, 38(3), 145-164.
  • Borgman,Christine L.(1986).The user'smentalmodel of aninformationretrieval system: An experimentona prototype onlinecatalog.International Journalof Man-MachineStudies,24(1),47-64.
  • Bruce, HarryW.(1994). A cognitiveview of thesituationaldynamismof user­ centered relevanceestimation.Journal of the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience,45(3), 142-148.
  • Burnkrant,R. E. (1976). A motivationalmodel of information-processing intensity. Journal ofConsumer Research, 3,21-30.
  • Cosijn,E. ve Ingwersen,P.(2000). Dimensions of relevance. Information ProcessingandManagement,36,533-550.
  • Cuadra, C.A.veKatter,R.V.(1967).Openingthe black boxof relevance. Journal of Documentation, 23(4),291-303.
  • Das, J.P.,Kirby, J.R. ve Jarman, R.F.(1979).Simultaneousand sequential cognitive processes. NewYork:Academic Press.
  • Davidson,D. Theeffect of individual differences cognitivestyle on judgments of documentrelevance.Journalof the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience,28,273-184.
  • Dervin,B. (1983). An overview of sensemaking research,concepts,methodsand resultsto date. Seattle,WA: Schoolof Communication,Universityof Washington.
  • Dervin,B. veNilan, M.(1986). Informationneedsanduses.M.E. Williams (Yay. Haz.), Annual Review of InformationScience andTechnology içinde(Cilt 21,ss.3-33). White Plains,NY:Knowledge Industry Publications.
  • Doyle,Lauren B. (1963). Isrelevance anadequatecriterionin retrievalsystem evaluation?HP Luhn (Yay.Haz.),Automation andscientific communication. 26thAnnual Meeting of the AmericanDocumentation Institute,Washington,D.C.'de sunulankısa bildiri.
  • Driscoll,Marcy Perkins.(1993). Psychology oflearningfor instruction: Learning andinstructionaltechnology. Boston: Allyn& Bacon.
  • Dumais, SusanT.ve LandauerT.K. (1984).Describingcategories of objectsfor menuretrieval systems.BehaviourResearch Methods,Instrumentsand Computers,16(2), 242-248.
  • Fenichel,CarolHansen.(1981). Online searching:measures that discriminate amonguserswith different typesof experiences.Journal of theAmerican Society for InformationScience, 32(1),24-34.
  • Glass,Arnold Lewis ve Holyoak,K. J.(1986). Cognition(2. bs.). New York: Random House.
  • Halpern,Davidve Nilan, M.(1988). Astep toward shiftingtheresearch emphasis ininformationsciencefrom thesystem totheuser: anempirical investigation.C.L.Borgman veE.Y.H. Dai (Yay.Haz.), ASIS'88: InformationandTechnology: Planningfor the AmericanSocietyfor InformationScience51stAnnual Meeting:Cilt.25, ss. 169-176,Oct.23-27 Atlanta,GA. andMedford, NJ:Learned Information,Inc.
  • Hancock,Micheline.(1987).Subjectsearching behaviour at thelibrary catalogue andattheshelves: Implicationsfor onlineinteractive catalogues.Journal of Documentation, 43(4), 303-321.
  • Harter, StephenP.(1992). Psychologicalrelevanceandinformationscience. Journal of theAmericanSociety for InformationScience,43(October), 602-615.
  • Howard,Helen. (1982).Measures that discriminateamongonlinesearcheswith different trainingandexperience.Online Review,6(4),315-327.
  • Howard, JohnA.(1963). Marketing:Executive and buyer behavior.NewYork: ColumbiaUniversityPress.
  • Ingwersen, Peter. (1987). Towardsa newresearch paradigmin information retrieval. IreneWormell (Yay. Haz.),Knowledgeengineering: Export systemsandinformationretrievaliçinde(ss.150-168). London: Taylor Graham.
  • Janes, J. W.(1991). Relevancejudgmentsand the incrementalrepresentationof documentrepresentations. InformationProcessingandManagement, 26,6, 629-646.
  • Kartzer, J.veSnyder, H. (1990).Toward a morerealisticassessment of information retrieval performance.Proceedings of theASIS.Washington,DC,80-85.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1988). Developinga modelof thelibrary searchprocess: Cognitiveandaffective aspects.RQ, 28(2), 232-242.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1991). Insidethesearchprocess:Informationseeking from theuser'sperspective.Journal of the AmericanSociety for InformationScience,42(5),361-371.
  • Kuhlthau,CarolCollier. (1993). Aprinciple of uncertainty for information seeking.Journalof Documentation,49(4),339-355.
  • Luger, GeorgeF.(1994). Cognitivescience:Thescience intelligentsystems. SandDiego:Academic Press.
  • Mick, C.K., Lindsey G.N.veCallahanD. (1980).Toward usableuserstudies. Journal of the AmericanSociety for InformationScience, 31(5),347-365.
  • MoreheadD.R.,Pejtersen A.M. RouseW.B.(1984). Thevalue ofinformation andcomputer aided informationseeking:Problem formulationand applicationto fictionretrieval.InformationProcessingandManagement, 20(5/6),583-601.
  • Morgan,C.T.ve King,R.A.(1971). Introduction to psychology (3.bs.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Neisser,Ulric(1967).Cognitive psychology.(CenturyPsychologyDizisi) New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
  • Olşen, Şemsa (2000). Kullanıcınınbilgi seçiminde kararvermesini etkileyen bilişsel yapısıüzerinebirinceleme. (yayımlanmamışyüksek lisanstezi), Ankara: H.Ü. SosyalBilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Park, T.K.(1993).The nature of relevancein ınformationretrieval:An empirical study.LibraryQuarterly, 63,318-351.
  • Saracevic, Tefko. (1975). Relevance: A review of andaframeworkfor thethinking on thenotion in informationscience.Journalof the AmericanSociety for InformationScience,26(6),321-343.
  • Saracevic, Tefko. (1996). Relevancereconsidered 96.Proceedingsof theSecond International Conferenceon Conceptions of LibraryandInformation Science:Integrationin Perspective, içindes.201-218. Copenhagen: The Royal School of Librarianship.
  • Schamber,L. (1994). Relevanceandinformationbehavior.Annual Reviewof InformationScienceandTechnology,içindevol.29,s. 3-48. Medford, N. J: Information Today.
  • Schamber, L.,Eisenberg,M.B.ve Nilan, M.S.(1990). A re-examinationof relevance:Toward adynamic,situationaldefinition.Information ProcessingandManagement,26(6),755-776.
  • Shih, Hung-Pin(2004). Extended technology acceptance model of internet utilization behaviour. InformationandManagement, 41,6,719-729.
  • Swanson,D.R.(1986).Subjective versus objective relevanceinbibliographic retrieval systems. LibraryQuarterly,56,389-398.
  • Taylor, Robert S. (1968). Questionnegotiationandinformationseeking in libraries. College and Research Libraries, 29(May), 178-194.
  • Uçak, NazanÖzenç.(1997). Bilgigereksinimivebilgi arama davranışı.Türk Kütüphaneciliği,11(4), 315-325.
  • VanGigch,JohnP.(1991).Systemdesignmodelingandmetamodeling. NewYork: Plenum Press.
  • Vigil,Peter J.(1983). Thepsychology of onlinesearching.Journalof American Societyfor InformationScience,34(4),281-287.
  • Wilson,T(1981).On userstudies andinformationneeds. Journalof Documentation, 37(1),3-15.
  • Wilson,T (1984). Thecognitiveapproach to informationseeking behaviour and informationuse. Social Science InformationStudies, 4, 197-204.
  • Wilson, Tom veWalsh,C. Information behaviour: An inter-disciplinary perspective.16Kasım 2005tarihinde http://www.shef.ac.uk/~is/publications/prelims.htmladresindenerişildi.
  • Whitmire,E.Disciplinary differences andundergraduates' information seekingbehaviour Journalof theAmericanSociety for Information Scienceand Technology. 53, 8,631-638.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nazan Özenç Uçak

Şemsa Olşen Güzeldere This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uçak, N. Ö., & Güzeldere, Ş. O. (2006). Bilişsel Yapının ve İşlemlerin Bilgi Arama Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 20(1), 7-28.

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