Research Article
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Is there an association between urinary tract infection and toilet type?

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 335 - 340, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.837564

Abstract

Aim: Many metabolic, physiological, and social factors play a role in the formation of infections. The results of the studies investigating the association between toilet type and urinary tract infection (UTI) are contradictory. This study aims to investigate the relationship between UTI and toilet habits and toilet type used. Methods: A cross-sectional study, including 344 participants between the ages of 18-60, was conducted. Sociodemographic information, toilet preferences, toilet habits, diagnosed chronic diseases, and histories of UTI were questioned with a structured questionnaire. Results: Front-to-back wiping, use of urinals in public places, and use of toilet paper were associated with a history of UTI in some genders. No significant relationship was observed between the parameters of general toilet preference, type of toilet preferred at home, and the frequency of water closet use, and UTI history in both genders. Conclusion: The toilet preference and some toileting habits may play a role in UTI. Further studies are required to reveal the real significance of this association.

References

  • 1. Hansson S, Jodal U. Urinary tract infection. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P, eds. Pediatric Nephrology 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004:1007-1027.
  • 2. Topçu AW, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi 3. Baskı. Vol 1: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2008:1487-1710.
  • 3. Hodson EM, Craig JC. Urinary tract infections. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N, Emma F, Goldstein SL, eds. Pediatric Nephrology (7th ed.). Berlin Heidelberg Springer-Verlag; 2016:696-1710.
  • 4. Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement Management, Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):595-610.
  • 5. Mark S Pasternack. Approach to the adult with recurrent infections. 2020; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-recurrent-infections?search=urinary%20tract%20infections&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=6. Accessed 18.11.2020.
  • 6. Imam TH. Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections. 2020; https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-utis/bacterial-urinary-tract-infections. Accessed 20.11.2020.
  • 7. Cai D, You M. An ergonomic approach to public squatting-type toilet design. Applied ergonomics. 1998;29(2):147-153.
  • 8. Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Farahani SF, Tajik A. Role of toilet type in transmission of infections. Academic Research International. 2011;1(2):110.
  • 9. Miyoshi I, Mitsuoka T, Taguchi H. Urinary bladder infection/irritation among female users of a high-tech toilet. Intern Med. 2003;42(4):373.
  • 10. Sohrabi S, Malekzadeh R, Ansari R, Kamangar F. Squatting and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Middle East journal of digestive diseases. 2012;4(1):23.
  • 11. Vyas S, Varshney D, Sharma P, Juyal R, Nautiyal V, Shrotriya V. An overview of the predictors of symptomatic urinary tract infection among nursing students. Annals of Medical Health Sciences Research. 2015;5(1):54-58.
  • 12. Wan X, Wu C, Xu D, Huang L, Wang K. Toileting behaviours and lower urinary tract symptoms among female nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies. 2017;65:1-7.
  • 13. Rane A, Iyer J. Posture and micturition: does it really matter how a woman sits on the toilet? Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25(8):1015-1021.
  • 14. Palmer MH, Newman DK. Women's toileting behaviours: an online survey of female advanced practice providers. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(4):429-435.
  • 15. Palmer MH, Willis-Gray MG, Zhou F, Newman DK, Wu JM. Self-reported toileting behaviors in employed women: Are they associated with lower urinary tract symptoms? Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(2):735-743.
  • 16. Wang K, Palmer MH. Development and validation of an instrument to assess women's toileting behavior related to urinary elimination: preliminary results. Nurs Res. 2011;60(3):158-164.
  • 17. Taylor I. Toilet paper and spread of infection. Br Med J. 1978;2(6143):1024.
  • 18. Millet VE, Spencer MJ, Chapin MR, Garcia LS, Yatabe JH, Stewart ME. Intestinal protozoan infection in a semicommunal group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983;32(1):54-60.
  • 19. Hughes WT. A tribute to toilet paper. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10(1):218-222.
  • 20. Persad S, Watermeyer S, Griffiths A, Cherian B, Evans J. Association between urinary tract infection and postmicturition wiping habit. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(11):1395-1396.
  • 21. Kowalik CG, Daily A, Delpe S, et al. Toileting Behaviors of Women-What is Healthy? J Urol. 2019;201(1):129-134.
  • 22. Wu C, Xue K, Palmer MH. Toileting Behaviors Related to Urination in Women: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(20).

İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile tuvalet tipi arasında ilişki var mı?

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 335 - 340, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.837564

Abstract

Giriş: Enfeksiyonların oluşumunda birçok metabolik, fizyolojik ve sosyal faktör rol oynar. Tuvalet tipi ile idrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmaların sonuçları çelişkilidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İYE ile tuvalet alışkanlıkları ve kullanılan tuvalet türü arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: 18-60 yaş arası 344 katılımcının yer aldığı kesitsel bir çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Sosyodemografik bilgiler, tuvalet tercihleri, tuvalet alışkanlıkları, teşhis edilen kronik hastalıklar ve İYE öyküleri yapılandırılmış bir anket ile sorgulandı. Bulgular: Önden arkaya temizlik, umumi yerlerde pisuar kullanımı ve tuvalet kâğıdı kullanımı bazı cinsiyetlerde İYE öyküsü ile ilişkili bulundu. Her iki cinsiyette de genel tuvalet tercihi, evde tercih edilen tuvalet türü ve klozet kullanım sıklığı parametreleri ile İYE öyküsü arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Sonuç: Tuvalet tercihi ve bazı tuvalet alışkanlıkları İYE' de rol oynayabilir. Bu ilişkinin gerçek önemini ortaya çıkarmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • 1. Hansson S, Jodal U. Urinary tract infection. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P, eds. Pediatric Nephrology 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004:1007-1027.
  • 2. Topçu AW, Söyletir G, Doğanay M. Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Mikrobiyolojisi 3. Baskı. Vol 1: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2008:1487-1710.
  • 3. Hodson EM, Craig JC. Urinary tract infections. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N, Emma F, Goldstein SL, eds. Pediatric Nephrology (7th ed.). Berlin Heidelberg Springer-Verlag; 2016:696-1710.
  • 4. Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement Management, Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):595-610.
  • 5. Mark S Pasternack. Approach to the adult with recurrent infections. 2020; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-recurrent-infections?search=urinary%20tract%20infections&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=6. Accessed 18.11.2020.
  • 6. Imam TH. Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections. 2020; https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-utis/bacterial-urinary-tract-infections. Accessed 20.11.2020.
  • 7. Cai D, You M. An ergonomic approach to public squatting-type toilet design. Applied ergonomics. 1998;29(2):147-153.
  • 8. Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Farahani SF, Tajik A. Role of toilet type in transmission of infections. Academic Research International. 2011;1(2):110.
  • 9. Miyoshi I, Mitsuoka T, Taguchi H. Urinary bladder infection/irritation among female users of a high-tech toilet. Intern Med. 2003;42(4):373.
  • 10. Sohrabi S, Malekzadeh R, Ansari R, Kamangar F. Squatting and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Middle East journal of digestive diseases. 2012;4(1):23.
  • 11. Vyas S, Varshney D, Sharma P, Juyal R, Nautiyal V, Shrotriya V. An overview of the predictors of symptomatic urinary tract infection among nursing students. Annals of Medical Health Sciences Research. 2015;5(1):54-58.
  • 12. Wan X, Wu C, Xu D, Huang L, Wang K. Toileting behaviours and lower urinary tract symptoms among female nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies. 2017;65:1-7.
  • 13. Rane A, Iyer J. Posture and micturition: does it really matter how a woman sits on the toilet? Int Urogynecol J. 2014;25(8):1015-1021.
  • 14. Palmer MH, Newman DK. Women's toileting behaviours: an online survey of female advanced practice providers. Int J Clin Pract. 2015;69(4):429-435.
  • 15. Palmer MH, Willis-Gray MG, Zhou F, Newman DK, Wu JM. Self-reported toileting behaviors in employed women: Are they associated with lower urinary tract symptoms? Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(2):735-743.
  • 16. Wang K, Palmer MH. Development and validation of an instrument to assess women's toileting behavior related to urinary elimination: preliminary results. Nurs Res. 2011;60(3):158-164.
  • 17. Taylor I. Toilet paper and spread of infection. Br Med J. 1978;2(6143):1024.
  • 18. Millet VE, Spencer MJ, Chapin MR, Garcia LS, Yatabe JH, Stewart ME. Intestinal protozoan infection in a semicommunal group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983;32(1):54-60.
  • 19. Hughes WT. A tribute to toilet paper. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10(1):218-222.
  • 20. Persad S, Watermeyer S, Griffiths A, Cherian B, Evans J. Association between urinary tract infection and postmicturition wiping habit. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(11):1395-1396.
  • 21. Kowalik CG, Daily A, Delpe S, et al. Toileting Behaviors of Women-What is Healthy? J Urol. 2019;201(1):129-134.
  • 22. Wu C, Xue K, Palmer MH. Toileting Behaviors Related to Urination in Women: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(20).
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Basri Furkan Dağcıoğlu 0000-0003-1037-9942

Erhan Şimşek This is me 0000-0002-0473-7910

Ramazan Tepeli This is me 0000-0002-4567-1479

Publication Date June 20, 2021
Submission Date December 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Dağcıoğlu BF, Şimşek E, Tepeli R. Is there an association between urinary tract infection and toilet type?. TJFMPC. 2021;15(2):335-40.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.