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Yabancı Dilde Yazma Sürecinde İşler Belleğin Görevi

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 712 - 725, 30.04.2024

Çağrı Kaygısız

https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.1376507

Abstract

Gerek anadilde gerekse yabancı dilde metin üretimi için öğretim tasarımının; dilsel-dilbilgisel yapıların algılanmasını, kontrollü işlemlemeden otomatik işlemlemeye, bildirimsel bilgiden, işlemsel bilgiye geçişi sağlayacak biçimde yapılandırılması gerekir. Bu noktada bilişsel sistemi (yapıyı) oluşturan birimlerin, hedef dile ilişkin dilsel-dilbilgisel veriyi nasıl işlediğinin belirlenmesi, öğretim tasarımının niteliği ve beceri gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Bilişsel görevlerin gerçekleşmesi, bu görevleri yerine getirmek için gereken zihinsel temsillerin oluşumunu ve oluşan temsillerin görev süresince aktif kalmasını gerektirir. Zihinsel temsillerin oluşumu için ihtiyaç duyulan bilgi kaynaklarının yönetimi ve düzenlenmesi işler bellek tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Bu zeminden hareketle çalışmada bilişsel yapının önemli unsurlarından işler belleğin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlendiği görevlerin neler olduğu, birinci-ikinci dilde yazma sürecinde işler belleğin çalışma sistematiği açısından farklılaşma olup olmadığı bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle betimlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle yazma süreci ve yabancı dilde yazma ile işler bellek sisteminin yapısı üzerinde durulmuş, sonraki aşamada ise işler bellek sisteminin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlenmiş olduğu görevler ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Yazma Yabancı dilde yazma Bilişsel yapı İşler bellek

References

  • Baddeley, A. D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 56, 851-864. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.11.851
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2003). Working memory and language: An overview. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20(4), 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.014
  • Baddeley, A. D., Allen, R. J. & Hitch, G. J. (2010). Investigation the episodic buffer. Psychologica, 50(3-4), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-50-3-4-223
  • Barzilay, R. (2008). Modeling local coherence: An entity-based approach. Computational Linguistics, 34(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2008.34.1.1
  • Berninger, V. W. (1999). Coordinating transcription and text generation in working memory during composing: Automatic and constructive processes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511269
  • Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., Norby, M. M. & Ronning, R. R. (2004). Cognitive psychology and instruction (4. b.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
  • Cornoldi, C., Del Preta, F., Gallani, A., Sella, F., Re, A. M. & Arfe, B. (2010). Components affecting expressive writing in typical and disabled writers. Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities, 23, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0735-004X(2010)0000023012
  • DeKeyser, R. (2003). Implicit and explicit learning. C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Ed.), Handbook of second language acquisition içinde (s. 313-348). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hayes, J. R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Ed.), The science of writing içinde (s. 1-28). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hayes, J. R. & Chenoweth, N. A. (2006). Is working memory involved in the transcribing and editing of texts? Written Communication, 23(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088306286283
  • Kaygısız, Ç., Ayabakan-İpek, M. & Kaya, E. (2020). Ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrenci metinlerinde konu sürekliliği: Merkezleme kuramı çerçevesinde bir çözümleme. G. L. Uzun, B. Ü. Bozkurt & Ö. D. Tarcan (Ed.), Türkçenin eğitimi-öğretiminde kuramsal ve uygulamaları çalışmalar 11 içinde (s. 63-73). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi TÖMER.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (1996). A model of working memory in writing. C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Ed.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications içinde (s. 57-71). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (1999). Components of working memory in writing. M. Torrance & G. Jeffery (Ed.), The cognitive demands of writing: Processing capacity and working memory affects in text production içinde (s. 43-61). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1
  • Kellog, R. T., Olive, T. & Piolat, A. (2007). Verbal, visual and spatial working memory in written language production. Acta Psychologica, 124(3), 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.005
  • Kellogg, R. T. & Whiteford, A. P. (2012). The development of writing expertise. E. L. Grigorenko, E. Mambrino & D. Press (Ed.), Writing a mosaic of new perpectives içinde (s. 109-124). London - New York: Psychology Press.
  • Kellogg, R. T., Whiteford, A. P., Turner, C. E. & Cahill, M. (2013). Working memory in written composition: An evaluation of the 1996 model. Journal of Written Research, 5, 159-190. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2013.05.02.1
  • Kim, Y. (2022). Do written language bursts mediate the relations of language, cognitive, and transcription skills to writing quality? Written Communication, 39(2), 200-227. https:/doi.org/10.1177/074108832110687
  • Leong, C. K., Shum, M. S., Tai, C. P., Ki, W. W. & Zhang, D. (2019). Differential contribution of psycholinguistic and cognitive skills to written composition in Chinese as a second language. Reading and Writing, 439-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9873-2
  • Li, S. (2023). Working memory and second language writing: A systematic review. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263123000189
  • Lu, Y. (2015). Working memory, cognitive resources and l2 writing performance. Z. Wen, M. Borges & A. McNeill (Ed.), Working memory in second language acquisition and processing içinde (s. 175-188). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Mackey, A., Adams, R., Stafford, C. & Winke, P. (2010). Exploring the relationship between modified output and working memory capacity. Language Learning, 60(3), 501-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00565.x
  • Mackey, A., Philiop, J., Egi, T., Fujii, A. & Tatsumi, T. (2002). Individual differences in working memory, noticing of interactional feeedback, and L2 development. P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual differences and istructed language learning içinde (s. 181-209). Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Marek, P. & Levy, C. M. (1999). Testing the role of the phonological loop in writing. M. Torrace & G. Jeffrey (Ed.), Cognitive demands of writing içinde. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Morgan-Short, K. & Ullman, M. T. (2012). The neurocognition of second language. S. M. Gass & A. Mackey (Ed.), The routledge handbook of second language acqusition içinde (s. 282-299). London - New York: Routledge.
  • Olive, T. (2012). Working memory in writing. V. W. Berninger (Ed.), Past, present, and future contributions of cognitive writing research to cognitive psychology içinde (s. 485-503). Taylor & Francis.
  • Olive, T. (2022). How do novice and skilled writers engage working memory? J. Schwieter & Z. Wen (Ed.), Working memory and language içinde (s. 504-525). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Saville-Troike, M. (2012). Introduction to second language acquisition (2. b.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schoonen, R., van Gelderen, A., Stoel, R. D., Hulstijn, J. & De Glopper, K. (2011). Modeling the development of L1 and EFL writing proficiency of secondary school students. Language Learning, 61(1), 31-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00590.x
  • Sweller, J., van Merrienboer, J. J. & Pass, F. (1998). Natural information processing system. Evolutionary Psychology, 10, 251-296.
  • Vanderberg, R. & Swanson, H. L. (2007). Which components of working memory are important in the writing process? Reading and Writing, 20, 721-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-006-9046-6
  • Weigle, S. C. (2005). Second language writing expertise. K. Johnson (Ed.), Expertise in second language learning and teaching içinde (s. 128-149). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

The Function of Working Memory on the Writing Process in Foreign Language

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 712 - 725, 30.04.2024

Çağrı Kaygısız

https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.1376507

Abstract

Instructional design for text production in both native and foreign languages should be structured in a way to ensure the perception of linguistic-grammatical structures, the transition from controlled processing to automatic processing, and from declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge. At this point, determining how the units forming the cognitive system (structure) process the linguistic-grammatical data of the target language is important in terms of the quality of instructional design and skill development. The realization of cognitive tasks requires the formation of the mental representations required to fulfil these tasks and keeping these representations active during the task. The management and organization of the information resources needed for the formation of mental representations is performed by working memory. From this point of view, this study aims to describe the tasks undertaken by working memory, one of the important elements of cognitive structure in the process of writing in a foreign language, and whether there is a difference in terms of the working system of working memory in the process of writing in the first and second language based on the findings obtained from the studies conducted on this subject. In this direction, firstly, the writing process, writing in a foreign language and the structure of the working memory system were emphasized, and in the next stage, the tasks undertaken by the working memory system in the process of writing in a foreign language were discussed.

Keywords

Writing Writing in foreign language Cognitive structure Working memory

References

  • Baddeley, A. D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, 56, 851-864. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.11.851
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2003). Working memory and language: An overview. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Baddeley, A. D. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20(4), 136-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.014
  • Baddeley, A. D., Allen, R. J. & Hitch, G. J. (2010). Investigation the episodic buffer. Psychologica, 50(3-4), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-50-3-4-223
  • Barzilay, R. (2008). Modeling local coherence: An entity-based approach. Computational Linguistics, 34(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.2008.34.1.1
  • Berninger, V. W. (1999). Coordinating transcription and text generation in working memory during composing: Automatic and constructive processes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511269
  • Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., Norby, M. M. & Ronning, R. R. (2004). Cognitive psychology and instruction (4. b.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
  • Cornoldi, C., Del Preta, F., Gallani, A., Sella, F., Re, A. M. & Arfe, B. (2010). Components affecting expressive writing in typical and disabled writers. Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities, 23, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0735-004X(2010)0000023012
  • DeKeyser, R. (2003). Implicit and explicit learning. C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Ed.), Handbook of second language acquisition içinde (s. 313-348). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hayes, J. R. (1996). A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Ed.), The science of writing içinde (s. 1-28). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Hayes, J. R. & Chenoweth, N. A. (2006). Is working memory involved in the transcribing and editing of texts? Written Communication, 23(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088306286283
  • Kaygısız, Ç., Ayabakan-İpek, M. & Kaya, E. (2020). Ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrenci metinlerinde konu sürekliliği: Merkezleme kuramı çerçevesinde bir çözümleme. G. L. Uzun, B. Ü. Bozkurt & Ö. D. Tarcan (Ed.), Türkçenin eğitimi-öğretiminde kuramsal ve uygulamaları çalışmalar 11 içinde (s. 63-73). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi TÖMER.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (1996). A model of working memory in writing. C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Ed.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences, and applications içinde (s. 57-71). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (1999). Components of working memory in writing. M. Torrance & G. Jeffery (Ed.), The cognitive demands of writing: Processing capacity and working memory affects in text production içinde (s. 43-61). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2008.01.01.1
  • Kellog, R. T., Olive, T. & Piolat, A. (2007). Verbal, visual and spatial working memory in written language production. Acta Psychologica, 124(3), 382-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.005
  • Kellogg, R. T. & Whiteford, A. P. (2012). The development of writing expertise. E. L. Grigorenko, E. Mambrino & D. Press (Ed.), Writing a mosaic of new perpectives içinde (s. 109-124). London - New York: Psychology Press.
  • Kellogg, R. T., Whiteford, A. P., Turner, C. E. & Cahill, M. (2013). Working memory in written composition: An evaluation of the 1996 model. Journal of Written Research, 5, 159-190. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2013.05.02.1
  • Kim, Y. (2022). Do written language bursts mediate the relations of language, cognitive, and transcription skills to writing quality? Written Communication, 39(2), 200-227. https:/doi.org/10.1177/074108832110687
  • Leong, C. K., Shum, M. S., Tai, C. P., Ki, W. W. & Zhang, D. (2019). Differential contribution of psycholinguistic and cognitive skills to written composition in Chinese as a second language. Reading and Writing, 439-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9873-2
  • Li, S. (2023). Working memory and second language writing: A systematic review. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263123000189
  • Lu, Y. (2015). Working memory, cognitive resources and l2 writing performance. Z. Wen, M. Borges & A. McNeill (Ed.), Working memory in second language acquisition and processing içinde (s. 175-188). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Mackey, A., Adams, R., Stafford, C. & Winke, P. (2010). Exploring the relationship between modified output and working memory capacity. Language Learning, 60(3), 501-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00565.x
  • Mackey, A., Philiop, J., Egi, T., Fujii, A. & Tatsumi, T. (2002). Individual differences in working memory, noticing of interactional feeedback, and L2 development. P. Robinson (Ed.), Individual differences and istructed language learning içinde (s. 181-209). Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Marek, P. & Levy, C. M. (1999). Testing the role of the phonological loop in writing. M. Torrace & G. Jeffrey (Ed.), Cognitive demands of writing içinde. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  • Morgan-Short, K. & Ullman, M. T. (2012). The neurocognition of second language. S. M. Gass & A. Mackey (Ed.), The routledge handbook of second language acqusition içinde (s. 282-299). London - New York: Routledge.
  • Olive, T. (2012). Working memory in writing. V. W. Berninger (Ed.), Past, present, and future contributions of cognitive writing research to cognitive psychology içinde (s. 485-503). Taylor & Francis.
  • Olive, T. (2022). How do novice and skilled writers engage working memory? J. Schwieter & Z. Wen (Ed.), Working memory and language içinde (s. 504-525). Cambridge: Cambridge University.
  • Saville-Troike, M. (2012). Introduction to second language acquisition (2. b.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schoonen, R., van Gelderen, A., Stoel, R. D., Hulstijn, J. & De Glopper, K. (2011). Modeling the development of L1 and EFL writing proficiency of secondary school students. Language Learning, 61(1), 31-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00590.x
  • Sweller, J., van Merrienboer, J. J. & Pass, F. (1998). Natural information processing system. Evolutionary Psychology, 10, 251-296.
  • Vanderberg, R. & Swanson, H. L. (2007). Which components of working memory are important in the writing process? Reading and Writing, 20, 721-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-006-9046-6
  • Weigle, S. C. (2005). Second language writing expertise. K. Johnson (Ed.), Expertise in second language learning and teaching içinde (s. 128-149). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Turkish Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağrı Kaygısız 0000-0002-9650-3889

Early Pub Date April 29, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date October 16, 2023
Acceptance Date April 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaygısız, Ç. (2024). Yabancı Dilde Yazma Sürecinde İşler Belleğin Görevi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 712-725. https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.1376507
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The Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is published by Gazi University.