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Nazopalatin kanal ve klinik önemi: Derleme

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 91 - 97, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.348841

Abstract

Amaç: Premaksilla olarak da adlandırılan anterior
maksilla, diş implantlarının yerleştirilmesi, çapraşık veya süpernümerer
dişlerin cerrahi olarak çıkarılması, periodontal cerrahi, santral dişlerin
apikal rezeksiyonu, kistlerin enükleasyonu, LeFort I osteotomi, cerrahi içeren
hızlı palatal genişleme ve lokal anestezi gibi sıklıkla cerrahi müdahaleler
gerektiren bir alandır. Travmaya veya diş kaybına maruz kalan en yaygın
bölgedir. Anterior maksilla içerisindeki en belirgin anatomik oluşum ise
nazopalatin kanaldır (NPK). Anterior maksiller bölgenin ameliyatı, dental ve
yüz estetiği ile fonksiyonu üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bölgeyi
içeren cerrahi işlemler, hastaların psikolojik ve sosyolojik sonuçlarıyla
birlikte kişisel görüntüsünü etkileyebilir. Sonuç olarak, cerrahi planlamayı
optimize etmek, bu anatomik bölgedeki lezyonların etiyopatogenezini açıklayabilecek
teorilerin kurulması ve bu bölgedeki muhtemel komplikasyonları (vasküler ve
sinir dallarının olası yaralanmaları) önlemek için NPK’nın pozisyonu,
morfolojisi ve boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede, NPK’nın
anatomik ve morfometrik özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenecektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler:

Bulgular:

Sonuçlar:

Anahtar Kelimeler:

References

  • 1. Belser UC, Schmid B, Higginbottom F, Buser D. Outcome analysis of implant restorations located in the anterior maxilla: a review of the recent literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19 Suppl:30-42. 2. Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, von Arx T. Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011;22:295-301. 3. Den Hartog L, Huddleston Slater JJ, Vissink A, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Treatment outcome of immediate, early and conventional single‐tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: a systematic review to survival, bone level, soft‐tissue, aesthetics and patient satisfaction. Journal of clinical periodontology 2008;35:1073-1086. 4. Jayaratne Y, Zwahlen R, Lo J, Cheung L. Facial soft tissue response to anterior segmental osteotomies: A systematic review. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2010;39:1050-1058. 5. Kim S, Kratchman S. Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a review. J Endod 2006;32:601-623. 6. Rajab L, Hamdan M. Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2002;12:244-254. 7. Shah A, Gill DS, Tredwin C, Naini FB. Diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth. Dent Update 2008;35:510-520. 8. Suter VG, Sendi P, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM. The nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of the relation between clinical symptoms, cyst dimensions, and involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using cone beam computed tomography. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2011;69:2595-2603. 9. Acar B, Kamburoğlu K. Morphological and volumetric evaluation of the nasopalatinal canal in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2015;37:259-265. 10. Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 2007;103:683-693. 11. Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 2004;19. 12. Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2014. 13. Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, Schwartz-Arad D. Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. Journal of periodontology 2008;79:1659-1662. 14. Kraut RA, Boyden DK. Location of incisive canal in relation to central incisor implants: LWW; 1998. 15. Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Bitlitum I, Segal P. Displacement of the incisive foramen in conjunction with implant placement in the anterior maxilla without jeopardizing vitality of nasopalatine nerve and vessels: a novel surgical approach. Clinical oral implants research 2000;11:505-510. 16. Rodrigues MTV, Munhoz EA, Cardoso CL, Junior OF, Damante JH. Unilateral patent nasopalatine duct: a case report and review of the literature. American journal of otolaryngology 2009;30:137-140. 17. Jacob S, Zelano B, Gungor A, Abbott D, Naclerio R, McClintock MK. Location and gross morphology of the nasopalatine duct in human adults. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 2000;126:741-748. 18. Song W-C, Jo D-I, Lee J-Y, Kim J-N, Hur M-S, Hu K-S et al. Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 2009;108:583-590. 19. Von Arx T, Bornstein MM. The patent nasopalatine duct. A rare anomaly and diagnostic pitfall. Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin= Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie= Rivista mensile svizzera di odontologia e stomatologia/SSO 2008;119:379-389. 20. Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M et al. Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. Journal of periodontology 2012;83:337-343. 21. Neves FS, Oliveira LK, Mariz ACR, Crusoé-Rebello I, de Oliveira-Santos C. Rare anatomical variation related to the nasopalatine canal. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2013;35:853-855. 22. Von Arx T, Matter D, Buser D, Bornstein MM. Evaluation of location and dimensions of lingual foramina using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2011;69:2777-2785. 23. Etoz M, Sisman Y. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2014;36:805-812. 24. Chung CJ, Choi YJ, Kim K-H. Approximation and contact of the maxillary central incisor roots with the incisive canal after maximum retraction with temporary anchorage devices: Report of 2 patients. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2015;148:493-502. 25. Chatriyanuyoke P, Lu CI, Suzuki Y, Lozada JL, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY et al. Nasopalatine canal position relative to the maxillary central incisors: a cone beam computed tomography assessment. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:713-717. 26. von Arx T, Lozanoff S. Nasopalatine Canal Clinical Oral Anatomy: Springer; 2017. p. 103-131. 27. Berge JK, Bergman RA. Variations in size and in symmetry of foramina of the human skull. Clinical Anatomy 2001;14:406-413. 28. Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, Hu Y, Adriaensens P, Quirynen M et al. Macro‐and micro‐anatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. Journal of clinical periodontology 2009;36:598-603. 29. Thakur AR, Burde K, Guttal K, Naikmasur VG. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging science in dentistry 2013;43:273-281. 30. Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2004;33:396-402. 31. Tsuneki M, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Abe T, Adeola HA, Cheng J et al. Inflammatory histopathogenesis of nasopalatine duct cyst: a clinicopathological study of 41 cases. Oral Dis 2013;19:415-424. 32. Swanson KS, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC. Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:268-271. 33. Safi Y, Moshfeghi M, Rahimian S, Kheirkhahi M, Eslami M. Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Anatomic Variations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Group of Iranian Population 2016. 34. Jain NV, Gharatkar AA, Parekh BA, Musani SI, Shah UD. Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Anatomical Characteristics and Dimensions of the Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017;16:197-204. 35. Nasseh I, Aoun G, Sokhn S. Assessment of the Nasopalatine Canal: an Anatomical Study. Acta Inform Med 2017;25:34-38. 36. Panjnoush M, Norouzi H, Kheirandish Y, Shamshiri AR, Mofidi N. Evaluation of Morphology and Anatomical Measurement of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran) 2016;13:287. 37. Gönül Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, Beker-Acay M, Çalişkan A, Sakarya G et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagnostic and interventional imaging 2016;97:1165-1172. 38. Ozcakir-Tomruk C, Dolekoglu S, Ozkurt-Kayahan Z, Ilguy D. Evaluation of morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish adult population. Surg Radiol Anat 2016;38:65-70. 39. Al-Amery SM, Nambiar P, Jamaludin M, John J, Ngeow WC. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the maxillary incisive canal and foramen: considerations of anatomical variations when placing immediate implants. PloS one 2015;10:e0117251. 40. Friedrich RE, Laumann F, Zrnc T, Assaf AT. The Nasopalatine Canal in Adults on Cone Beam Computed Tomograms–A Clinical Study and Review of the Literature. In Vivo 2015;29:467-486. 41. Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Aydinbelge M. Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of neurovascular anatomical variations other than the nasopalatine canal in the anterior maxilla in a pediatric population. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2015;37:181-186. 42. Kajan ZD, Kia J, Motevasseli S, Rezaian SR. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal with cone-beam computed tomography in an Iranian population. Dental research journal 2015;12:14. 43. Radlanski R, Emmerich S, Renz H. Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anatomy and embryology 2004;208:265-271. 44. Frick H. Spezielle anatomie. Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992. 45. Schiebler T, Schmidt W, Zilles K. Anatomie Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 8: Auflage; 1999. 46. Schumacher S. Instructor's manual to accompany Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction. Little, Brown; 1984. 47. Gasser RF. Evidence that some events of mammalian embryogenesis can result from differential growth, making migration unnecessary. The Anatomical Record 2006;289:53-63. 48. Hill WO, Darlow H. Bilateral perforate nasopalatine communication in the human adult. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 1945;60:160-165. 49. Sieglbauer F. Lehrbuch der normalen Anatomie des Menschen. Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1963. 50. Noyes HJ. Nasopalatine duct and Jacobson's organ in newborn infants. J Dent Res 1935;15:155-156. 51. Keith D. Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association: 1965) 1979;37:832. 52. Meyer W. Histologie der Mundhöhle. Die Zahn-, Mund-und Kieferheilkunde 1958;1:232-306. 53. Seifert G. Mundhöhle, Mundspeicheldrüsen, Tonsillen und Rachen. Springer; 1966. 54. Abrams AM, Howell FV, Bullock WK. Nasopalatine cysts. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1963;16:306-332. 55. Beer GM, Putz R, Mager K, Schumacher M, Keil W. Variations of the frontal exit of the supraorbital nerve: an anatomic study. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 1998;102:334-341. 56. Bellairs A. Observations on the incisive canaliculi and nasopalatine ducts. British dental journal 1951;91:281-291. 57. Eppley BL, Delfino JJ. Bilateral nasopalatine ducts of the premaxilla. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 1988;17:360-362. 58. Spinelli HM, Isenberg JS, O'brien M. Nasopalatine duct cysts and the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 1994;5:57-60. 59. Elliott KA, Franzese CB, Pitman KT. Diagnosis and surgical management of nasopalatine duct cysts. The Laryngoscope 2004;114:1336-1340. 60. Larheim TA, Westesson P-LA. Maxillofacial imaging. Springer Science & Business Media; 2006. 61. Casado PL, Donner M, Pascarelli B, Derocy C, Duarte ME, Barboza EP. Immediate dental implant failure associated with nasopalatine duct cyst. Implant Dent 2008;17:169-175. 62. Shylaja S, Balaji K, Krishna A. Nasopalatine Duct Cyst: Report of a Case with Review of Literature. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013;65:385-388. 63. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 91 - 97, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.348841

Abstract

References

  • 1. Belser UC, Schmid B, Higginbottom F, Buser D. Outcome analysis of implant restorations located in the anterior maxilla: a review of the recent literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19 Suppl:30-42. 2. Bornstein MM, Balsiger R, Sendi P, von Arx T. Morphology of the nasopalatine canal and dental implant surgery: a radiographic analysis of 100 consecutive patients using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011;22:295-301. 3. Den Hartog L, Huddleston Slater JJ, Vissink A, Meijer HJ, Raghoebar GM. Treatment outcome of immediate, early and conventional single‐tooth implants in the aesthetic zone: a systematic review to survival, bone level, soft‐tissue, aesthetics and patient satisfaction. Journal of clinical periodontology 2008;35:1073-1086. 4. Jayaratne Y, Zwahlen R, Lo J, Cheung L. Facial soft tissue response to anterior segmental osteotomies: A systematic review. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2010;39:1050-1058. 5. Kim S, Kratchman S. Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a review. J Endod 2006;32:601-623. 6. Rajab L, Hamdan M. Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2002;12:244-254. 7. Shah A, Gill DS, Tredwin C, Naini FB. Diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth. Dent Update 2008;35:510-520. 8. Suter VG, Sendi P, Reichart PA, Bornstein MM. The nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of the relation between clinical symptoms, cyst dimensions, and involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using cone beam computed tomography. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2011;69:2595-2603. 9. Acar B, Kamburoğlu K. Morphological and volumetric evaluation of the nasopalatinal canal in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2015;37:259-265. 10. Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 2007;103:683-693. 11. Buser D, Martin W, Belser UC. Optimizing esthetics for implant restorations in the anterior maxilla: anatomic and surgical considerations. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 2004;19. 12. Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2014. 13. Mardinger O, Namani-Sadan N, Chaushu G, Schwartz-Arad D. Morphologic changes of the nasopalatine canal related to dental implantation: a radiologic study in different degrees of absorbed maxillae. Journal of periodontology 2008;79:1659-1662. 14. Kraut RA, Boyden DK. Location of incisive canal in relation to central incisor implants: LWW; 1998. 15. Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Bitlitum I, Segal P. Displacement of the incisive foramen in conjunction with implant placement in the anterior maxilla without jeopardizing vitality of nasopalatine nerve and vessels: a novel surgical approach. Clinical oral implants research 2000;11:505-510. 16. Rodrigues MTV, Munhoz EA, Cardoso CL, Junior OF, Damante JH. Unilateral patent nasopalatine duct: a case report and review of the literature. American journal of otolaryngology 2009;30:137-140. 17. Jacob S, Zelano B, Gungor A, Abbott D, Naclerio R, McClintock MK. Location and gross morphology of the nasopalatine duct in human adults. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 2000;126:741-748. 18. Song W-C, Jo D-I, Lee J-Y, Kim J-N, Hur M-S, Hu K-S et al. Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: an ex vivo study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 2009;108:583-590. 19. Von Arx T, Bornstein MM. The patent nasopalatine duct. A rare anomaly and diagnostic pitfall. Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin= Revue mensuelle suisse d'odonto-stomatologie= Rivista mensile svizzera di odontologia e stomatologia/SSO 2008;119:379-389. 20. Tözüm TF, Güncü GN, Yıldırım YD, Yılmaz HG, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M et al. Evaluation of maxillary incisive canal characteristics related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a clinical multicenter study. Journal of periodontology 2012;83:337-343. 21. Neves FS, Oliveira LK, Mariz ACR, Crusoé-Rebello I, de Oliveira-Santos C. Rare anatomical variation related to the nasopalatine canal. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2013;35:853-855. 22. Von Arx T, Matter D, Buser D, Bornstein MM. Evaluation of location and dimensions of lingual foramina using limited cone-beam computed tomography. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2011;69:2777-2785. 23. Etoz M, Sisman Y. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal and variations with cone-beam computed tomography. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2014;36:805-812. 24. Chung CJ, Choi YJ, Kim K-H. Approximation and contact of the maxillary central incisor roots with the incisive canal after maximum retraction with temporary anchorage devices: Report of 2 patients. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2015;148:493-502. 25. Chatriyanuyoke P, Lu CI, Suzuki Y, Lozada JL, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY et al. Nasopalatine canal position relative to the maxillary central incisors: a cone beam computed tomography assessment. J Oral Implantol 2012;38:713-717. 26. von Arx T, Lozanoff S. Nasopalatine Canal Clinical Oral Anatomy: Springer; 2017. p. 103-131. 27. Berge JK, Bergman RA. Variations in size and in symmetry of foramina of the human skull. Clinical Anatomy 2001;14:406-413. 28. Liang X, Jacobs R, Martens W, Hu Y, Adriaensens P, Quirynen M et al. Macro‐and micro‐anatomical, histological and computed tomography scan characterization of the nasopalatine canal. Journal of clinical periodontology 2009;36:598-603. 29. Thakur AR, Burde K, Guttal K, Naikmasur VG. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging science in dentistry 2013;43:273-281. 30. Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Sanderink G, Schutyser F, Suetens P et al. The nasopalatine canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2004;33:396-402. 31. Tsuneki M, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Abe T, Adeola HA, Cheng J et al. Inflammatory histopathogenesis of nasopalatine duct cyst: a clinicopathological study of 41 cases. Oral Dis 2013;19:415-424. 32. Swanson KS, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC. Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:268-271. 33. Safi Y, Moshfeghi M, Rahimian S, Kheirkhahi M, Eslami M. Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Anatomic Variations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Group of Iranian Population 2016. 34. Jain NV, Gharatkar AA, Parekh BA, Musani SI, Shah UD. Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Anatomical Characteristics and Dimensions of the Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017;16:197-204. 35. Nasseh I, Aoun G, Sokhn S. Assessment of the Nasopalatine Canal: an Anatomical Study. Acta Inform Med 2017;25:34-38. 36. Panjnoush M, Norouzi H, Kheirandish Y, Shamshiri AR, Mofidi N. Evaluation of Morphology and Anatomical Measurement of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran) 2016;13:287. 37. Gönül Y, Bucak A, Atalay Y, Beker-Acay M, Çalişkan A, Sakarya G et al. MDCT evaluation of nasopalatine canal morphometry and variations: An analysis of 100 patients. Diagnostic and interventional imaging 2016;97:1165-1172. 38. Ozcakir-Tomruk C, Dolekoglu S, Ozkurt-Kayahan Z, Ilguy D. Evaluation of morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone-beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish adult population. Surg Radiol Anat 2016;38:65-70. 39. Al-Amery SM, Nambiar P, Jamaludin M, John J, Ngeow WC. Cone beam computed tomography assessment of the maxillary incisive canal and foramen: considerations of anatomical variations when placing immediate implants. PloS one 2015;10:e0117251. 40. Friedrich RE, Laumann F, Zrnc T, Assaf AT. The Nasopalatine Canal in Adults on Cone Beam Computed Tomograms–A Clinical Study and Review of the Literature. In Vivo 2015;29:467-486. 41. Sekerci AE, Cantekin K, Aydinbelge M. Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of neurovascular anatomical variations other than the nasopalatine canal in the anterior maxilla in a pediatric population. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2015;37:181-186. 42. Kajan ZD, Kia J, Motevasseli S, Rezaian SR. Evaluation of the nasopalatine canal with cone-beam computed tomography in an Iranian population. Dental research journal 2015;12:14. 43. Radlanski R, Emmerich S, Renz H. Prenatal morphogenesis of the human incisive canal. Anatomy and embryology 2004;208:265-271. 44. Frick H. Spezielle anatomie. Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992. 45. Schiebler T, Schmidt W, Zilles K. Anatomie Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 8: Auflage; 1999. 46. Schumacher S. Instructor's manual to accompany Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction. Little, Brown; 1984. 47. Gasser RF. Evidence that some events of mammalian embryogenesis can result from differential growth, making migration unnecessary. The Anatomical Record 2006;289:53-63. 48. Hill WO, Darlow H. Bilateral perforate nasopalatine communication in the human adult. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 1945;60:160-165. 49. Sieglbauer F. Lehrbuch der normalen Anatomie des Menschen. Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1963. 50. Noyes HJ. Nasopalatine duct and Jacobson's organ in newborn infants. J Dent Res 1935;15:155-156. 51. Keith D. Phenomenon of mucous retention in the incisive canal. Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association: 1965) 1979;37:832. 52. Meyer W. Histologie der Mundhöhle. Die Zahn-, Mund-und Kieferheilkunde 1958;1:232-306. 53. Seifert G. Mundhöhle, Mundspeicheldrüsen, Tonsillen und Rachen. Springer; 1966. 54. Abrams AM, Howell FV, Bullock WK. Nasopalatine cysts. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1963;16:306-332. 55. Beer GM, Putz R, Mager K, Schumacher M, Keil W. Variations of the frontal exit of the supraorbital nerve: an anatomic study. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 1998;102:334-341. 56. Bellairs A. Observations on the incisive canaliculi and nasopalatine ducts. British dental journal 1951;91:281-291. 57. Eppley BL, Delfino JJ. Bilateral nasopalatine ducts of the premaxilla. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 1988;17:360-362. 58. Spinelli HM, Isenberg JS, O'brien M. Nasopalatine duct cysts and the role of magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 1994;5:57-60. 59. Elliott KA, Franzese CB, Pitman KT. Diagnosis and surgical management of nasopalatine duct cysts. The Laryngoscope 2004;114:1336-1340. 60. Larheim TA, Westesson P-LA. Maxillofacial imaging. Springer Science & Business Media; 2006. 61. Casado PL, Donner M, Pascarelli B, Derocy C, Duarte ME, Barboza EP. Immediate dental implant failure associated with nasopalatine duct cyst. Implant Dent 2008;17:169-175. 62. Shylaja S, Balaji K, Krishna A. Nasopalatine Duct Cyst: Report of a Case with Review of Literature. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013;65:385-388. 63. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Review
Authors

Selçuk Hakbilen This is me

Guldane Mağat

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Submission Date November 2, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Hakbilen S, Mağat G. Nazopalatin kanal ve klinik önemi: Derleme. Selcuk Dent J. 2019;6(1):91-7.