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Focusing on Adolescents’ Emotional Awareness: Instrument Validation and Evaluation of a Training Program

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 289 - 306, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.91.9.4

Abstract

The purpose of this multiple study is to investigate the effect of a psychoeducational training program on adolescents’ emotional awareness skills as well as adapting an emotional awareness instrument into the Turkish language and context. In this regard, this paper reports the findings from two studies. In Study I, the validity and reliability analyses were conducted to test the generalizability of the emotion awareness scale in a different context. The findings showed that the scale has a six-factor structure. In addition, the reliability of the scale was found satisfactory. In study II, an experimental research design with the randomized pre and post-test control group was conducted with the participation of adolescents. The experimental group attended a seven-session emotional awareness training while the control group attended regular guidance activities in the school. The findings indicated that the students in the experimental group had significantly higher scores of emotional awareness and verbal sharing of emotions, compared with the students in the control group. However, no significant difference was observed for differentiating emotions, not hiding emotions, bodily awareness, attending to others’ emotions, and analyses of emotions. The findings were discussed considering the relevant literature and the cultural characteristics in emotional awareness, and recommendations were presented, accordingly.

Thanks

This study was derived from the thesis study of the first author supervised by the second author. A part of the study was orally presented at 26. International Educational Sciences Congress.

References

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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 289 - 306, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.91.9.4

Abstract

References

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  • Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-1.item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1
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  • Bréjard, V., Bonnet, A., Pasquier, A., & Pedinielli, J. L. (2011). Depressive symptoms in adolescence: Role of personality and emotion awareness. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 59(3), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2010.07.013
  • Boroomandian, N., Mohammadi, N., & Taghanaki, C. H. (2020). Comparing the effectiveness of group therapy by “interaction and psychodrama” on emotional awareness of adolescent girls with psychological distress. Journal of Psychological Achievements (Journal of Education & Psychology), 27(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2020.29101.2312
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  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Camodeca, M., & Rieffe, C. (2013). Developmetrics validation of the Italian Emotion Awareness Questionnaire for children and adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(3), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.694609
  • Ciarrochi, J. V., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Rickwood, D. (2002). Adolescents who need help the most are the least likely to seek it: The relationship between low emotional competence and low intention to seek help. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 30(2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880220128047
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  • Cordaro, D. T., Sun, R., Keltner, D., Kamble, S., Huddar, N., & McNeil, G. (2018). Universals and cultural variations in 22 emotional expressions across five cultures. Emotion, 18(1), 75-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000302
  • Cormier, S. & Hackney, H. (2005). Counseling strategies and interventions. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Davis, J. P., Kendall, P. C. & Suveg, C. M. (2019). Emotional awareness predicts specific cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes for anxious youth. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 50, 557–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-00863-4
  • Dedikousi, A., Gonida, E., & Kiosseoglou, G. (2013). Emotional understanding and awareness in school age: The contribution of children’s cognitive performance and their perceptions of parental warmth/coldness. Scientific Annals-School of Psychology, 10, 1-31. Retrieved from http://ejournals.lib.auth.gr/psyannals/article/view/4265/4346
  • Denham, S. A. (2007). Dealing with feelings: How children negotiate the worlds of emotions and social relationships. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 11, 1–48. Retrieved from https://denhamlab.gmu.edu/Publications%20PDFs/Denham%202007.pdf DeVellis, R. F. (2003) Scale development. California: Sage Publication Inc.
  • Durmuşoğlu Saltalı, N., & Deniz, M. E. (2010). The effects of an emotional education program on the emotional skills of six-year-old children attending preschool. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(4), 2105-2140. Retrieved from https://trdizin.gov.tr/publication/journalDetail.xhtml
  • Eastabrook, J. M., Flynn, J. J., & Hollenstein, T. (2014). Internalizing symptoms in female adolescents: Associations with emotional awareness and emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9705-y
  • Eckland, N. S. & Berenbaum, H. (2021). Emotional awareness in daily life: Exploring its potential role in repetitive thinking and healthy coping. Behavior Therapy.52(2), 338-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.010
  • Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter- and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 869-885. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.5.869
  • Elsina, I. & Svence, G. (2016). Changes of middle childhood students’ emotional awareness in social competence and awareness intervention group for children. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1, 331-343. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol1.1530
  • Erkan, S. & Kaya, A. (Ed.). (2014). Deneysel olarak sınanmış grupla psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik programları III. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Erkan, S. (2015). Örnek grup rehberliği etkinlikleri. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Erkuş, A. (2012). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage.
  • Gençoğlu, C. & Yılmaz, M. (2013). The effects of emotional awareness training program on the level of emotional control. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 6(5), 961-980. https://doi.org/10.9761/JASSS1552
  • Gençoğlu, C. (2012). The effects of emotional awareness training program based on emotion-focused therapy on optimism levels of young adults. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
  • Goleman, D. (2005). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2010). Emotion-focused therapy: An overview. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(33), 1-12. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/21453/229828
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Emotion-focused therapy. Washington: APA.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington: APA.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2014). Duygu odaklı terapi 1. atölye çalışması metinleri. İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2016). Duygu odaklı terapi ileri düzey atölye çalışması metinleri. İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü.
  • Greenberg, L. S. & Warwar, S. H. (2006). Homework in an emotion-focused approach to experiential therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 16(2), 178-200. https://doi.org/10.1037/1053-0479.16.2.178
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Educational Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatma İnceman Kara 0000-0002-1136-3048

Galip Yüksel 0000-0002-6840-8462

Publication Date July 1, 2022
Acceptance Date March 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA İnceman Kara, F., & Yüksel, G. (2022). Focusing on Adolescents’ Emotional Awareness: Instrument Validation and Evaluation of a Training Program. Participatory Educational Research, 9(4), 289-306. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.91.9.4