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Investigation of the pozzolanic activity of microwave heat-treated kaolin

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 758 - 765, 18.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1114737

Abstract

Different methods are used to increase the pozzolanic activity of clay. Muffle or rotary furnaces consume significant amount of energy and require long time for calcination. Microwave technology has potential to be an alternative for the calcination of clays. In this study, the effect of short-term microwave heat treatment on the pozzolanic activity of kaolin was investigated. For this purpose, the strength activity index of the kaolins, which were heat treated at 300, 450, 600 and 800 watts for 10 minutes in a household type microwave oven, were determined. The results were compared with kaolins calcined in the muffle furnace at 600, 700 and 800°C for 1, 3 and 5 hours. The 28-day strength activity index of the kaolins calcined in the muffle furnace varied between 82.5-107.9%, and this value was in between 74.3-80.5% for the microwave heat-treated kaolins. The strength activity index of microwave heat-treated kaolins, being 4.6-13.3% higher than that of the raw kaolin, showed the potential of the microwave heat treatment for calcination.

References

  • Z. Safari, R. Kurda, B. Al-Hadad, F. Mahmood and M. Tapan, Mechanical characteristics of pumice-based geopolymer paste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 162, 105055, 1-12, 2020.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105055.
  • C. Patil, M. Manjunath, S. Hosamane, S. Bandekar and R. Athani, Pozzolonic activity and strength activity index of bagasse ash and fly ash blended cement mortar. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 1456-1461, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.251.
  • A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, A. N. Scian and E. F. Irassar, Kaolinitic calcined clays: factors affecting its performance as pozzolans. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 276-281, 2012. https://doi:10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2011.08.064.
  • A. H. Ismail, A. Kusbiantoro, S. C. Chin, K. Muthusamy, M. Islam and K. F. Tee, Pozzolanic reactivity and strength activity index of mortar containing palm oil clinker pretreated with hydrochloric acid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, 118565, 1-10, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2019.118565.
  • C. Vizcayno, R. M. de Gutierrez, R. Castello, E. Rodriguez and C. E. Guerrero, Pozzolan obtained by mechanochemical and thermal treatments of kaolin. Applied Clay Science, 49, 405-413, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.008.
  • H. El-Diadamony, A. A. Amer, T. M. Sokkary and S. El-Hoseny, Hydration and characteristics of metakaolin pozzolanic cement pastes. HBRC Journal, 14, 150-158, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2015.05.005.
  • B. Mehsas, M. Siline and L. Zeghichi, Development of supplementary cementitious materials from Algerian kaolin: elaboration of metakaolin and assessment of pozzolanicity. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 6 (50), 1-12 2021.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00444-2.
  • S. Roy, A. Chatterjee and H. Aiyer, Effect of mineralogy and temperature treatment on the pozzolanic activity of Indian clays. Materials Research Innovations, 24 (1), 18-27, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2018.1546794.
  • S. Hollanders, Mineralogical study of the pozzolanic properties of calcined clays. Ph.D. Thesis, Arenberg Doctoral School Faculty Of Science, KU Leuven, Netherlands, 2017.
  • T. Hanein, K-C. Thienel, F. Zunino, A. T. M. Marsh, M. Maier, B. Wang, M. Canut, M. C. G. Juenger, M. B. Haha, F. Avet, A. Parashar, L. A. Al-Jaberi, R. S. Almenares-Reyes, A. Alujas-Diaz, K. L. Scrivener, S. A. Bernal, J. L. Provis, T. Sui, S. Bishnoi and F. Martirena-Hernandez, Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL. Materials and Structures, 55 (3), 1-29, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01807-6
  • L-j. Zhang, Y. He, P. Lü, J-h. Peng, S-w. Li, K-h. Chen, S-h. Yin and L-b.Zhang, Comparison of microwave and conventional heating routes for kaolin thermal activation. Journal of Central South University, 27, 2494-2506, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4475-y.
  • J. J. Reinosa, B. Garcia-Banos, J. M. Catala-Civera and J. F. Fernandez, Step ahead on efficient microwave heating for kaolinite. Applied Clay Science, 168, 237-243, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.001.
  • J. Somaratna, D. Ravikumar and N. Neithalath, Response of alkali activated fly ash mortars to microwave curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 40, 1688-1696, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cemconres.2010.08.010.
  • J. Tan, J. Cai, L. Huang, Q. Yang, M. Mao and J. Li, Feasibility of using microwave curing to enhance the compressive strength of mixed recycled aggregate powder based geopolymer. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 120897, 1-10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120897.
  • A. Graytee, J. G. Sanjayan and A. Nazari, Development of a high strength fly ash-based geopolymer in short time by using microwave curing. Ceramics International, 44, 8216-8222, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.001.
  • H. Youssef, D. Ibrahim and S. Komarneni, Microwave-assisted versus conventional synthesis of zeolite A from metakaolinite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 115, 527-534, 2008. https://doi:10.1016/ j.micromeso.2008.02.030.
  • S. Kuşlu ve F. Çavuş, Mikrodalga enerjisinin analitik kimya sahasında ve katalizör hazırlamada kullanımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14 (3), 267-277, 2008.
  • J. A. Rossignolo, M. V. Borrachero, L. Soriano and J. Paya, Influence of microwave oven calcination on the pozzolanicity of sugar cane bagasse ashes (SCBA) from the cogeneration industry. Construction and Building Materials, 187, 892-902, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.016.
  • Ö. Kılıç, Mikrodalga ile ön işlem uygulamanın kireçtaşı kalsinasyonuna etkisi. Madencilik, 48, 45-53, 2009.
  • ASTM C311/C311M-22, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0311_C0311M-22.
  • ASTM C618-19, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0618-19.

Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 758 - 765, 18.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1114737

Abstract

Kilin puzolanik aktivitesinin arttırılması amacıyla farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Kül fırını ve döner fırınlarda yapılan kalsinasyon hem kayda değer miktarda enerji harcamakta hem de uzun süre almaktadır. Mikrodalga teknolojisi, killerin kalsinasyonu için alternatif olma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada kısa süreli mikrodalga ısıl işleminin, kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ev tipi mikrodalga fırın kullanılarak 10 dakika boyunca 300, 450, 600 ve 800 watt güç seviyesinde ısıl işleme maruz bırakılan kaolinlerin dayanım aktivite indeksi belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar yüksek sıcaklık fırınında 600, 700 ve 800°C’de 1, 3 ve 5 saat kalsine edilen kaolinler ile kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuçta, yüksek sıcaklık fırınında kalsine edilen kaolinin 28 günlük dayanım aktivite indeksinin %82.5-107.9 aralığında olduğu, mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinde ise bu değerin %74.3-80.5 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Mikrodalga ısıl işlemine tabi tutulmuş kaolinlerin dayanım aktivite indekslerinin, ham kaoline oranla %4.6-13.3 oranında daha yüksek olması, mikrodalga ısıl işleminin kalsinasyon için potansiyel taşıdığını göstermiştir.

References

  • Z. Safari, R. Kurda, B. Al-Hadad, F. Mahmood and M. Tapan, Mechanical characteristics of pumice-based geopolymer paste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 162, 105055, 1-12, 2020.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105055.
  • C. Patil, M. Manjunath, S. Hosamane, S. Bandekar and R. Athani, Pozzolonic activity and strength activity index of bagasse ash and fly ash blended cement mortar. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 1456-1461, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.251.
  • A. Tironi, M. A. Trezza, A. N. Scian and E. F. Irassar, Kaolinitic calcined clays: factors affecting its performance as pozzolans. Construction and Building Materials, 28, 276-281, 2012. https://doi:10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2011.08.064.
  • A. H. Ismail, A. Kusbiantoro, S. C. Chin, K. Muthusamy, M. Islam and K. F. Tee, Pozzolanic reactivity and strength activity index of mortar containing palm oil clinker pretreated with hydrochloric acid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, 118565, 1-10, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2019.118565.
  • C. Vizcayno, R. M. de Gutierrez, R. Castello, E. Rodriguez and C. E. Guerrero, Pozzolan obtained by mechanochemical and thermal treatments of kaolin. Applied Clay Science, 49, 405-413, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.09.008.
  • H. El-Diadamony, A. A. Amer, T. M. Sokkary and S. El-Hoseny, Hydration and characteristics of metakaolin pozzolanic cement pastes. HBRC Journal, 14, 150-158, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2015.05.005.
  • B. Mehsas, M. Siline and L. Zeghichi, Development of supplementary cementitious materials from Algerian kaolin: elaboration of metakaolin and assessment of pozzolanicity. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 6 (50), 1-12 2021.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00444-2.
  • S. Roy, A. Chatterjee and H. Aiyer, Effect of mineralogy and temperature treatment on the pozzolanic activity of Indian clays. Materials Research Innovations, 24 (1), 18-27, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2018.1546794.
  • S. Hollanders, Mineralogical study of the pozzolanic properties of calcined clays. Ph.D. Thesis, Arenberg Doctoral School Faculty Of Science, KU Leuven, Netherlands, 2017.
  • T. Hanein, K-C. Thienel, F. Zunino, A. T. M. Marsh, M. Maier, B. Wang, M. Canut, M. C. G. Juenger, M. B. Haha, F. Avet, A. Parashar, L. A. Al-Jaberi, R. S. Almenares-Reyes, A. Alujas-Diaz, K. L. Scrivener, S. A. Bernal, J. L. Provis, T. Sui, S. Bishnoi and F. Martirena-Hernandez, Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL. Materials and Structures, 55 (3), 1-29, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01807-6
  • L-j. Zhang, Y. He, P. Lü, J-h. Peng, S-w. Li, K-h. Chen, S-h. Yin and L-b.Zhang, Comparison of microwave and conventional heating routes for kaolin thermal activation. Journal of Central South University, 27, 2494-2506, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4475-y.
  • J. J. Reinosa, B. Garcia-Banos, J. M. Catala-Civera and J. F. Fernandez, Step ahead on efficient microwave heating for kaolinite. Applied Clay Science, 168, 237-243, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.11.001.
  • J. Somaratna, D. Ravikumar and N. Neithalath, Response of alkali activated fly ash mortars to microwave curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 40, 1688-1696, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cemconres.2010.08.010.
  • J. Tan, J. Cai, L. Huang, Q. Yang, M. Mao and J. Li, Feasibility of using microwave curing to enhance the compressive strength of mixed recycled aggregate powder based geopolymer. Construction and Building Materials, 262, 120897, 1-10, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120897.
  • A. Graytee, J. G. Sanjayan and A. Nazari, Development of a high strength fly ash-based geopolymer in short time by using microwave curing. Ceramics International, 44, 8216-8222, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.001.
  • H. Youssef, D. Ibrahim and S. Komarneni, Microwave-assisted versus conventional synthesis of zeolite A from metakaolinite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 115, 527-534, 2008. https://doi:10.1016/ j.micromeso.2008.02.030.
  • S. Kuşlu ve F. Çavuş, Mikrodalga enerjisinin analitik kimya sahasında ve katalizör hazırlamada kullanımı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 14 (3), 267-277, 2008.
  • J. A. Rossignolo, M. V. Borrachero, L. Soriano and J. Paya, Influence of microwave oven calcination on the pozzolanicity of sugar cane bagasse ashes (SCBA) from the cogeneration industry. Construction and Building Materials, 187, 892-902, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.016.
  • Ö. Kılıç, Mikrodalga ile ön işlem uygulamanın kireçtaşı kalsinasyonuna etkisi. Madencilik, 48, 45-53, 2009.
  • ASTM C311/C311M-22, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0311_C0311M-22.
  • ASTM C618-19, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0618-19.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Civil Engineering
Authors

Adil Gültekin 0000-0002-5267-5312

Kambiz Ramyar 0000-0003-2200-2691

Publication Date July 18, 2022
Submission Date May 10, 2022
Acceptance Date June 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gültekin, A., & Ramyar, K. (2022). Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 758-765. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1114737
AMA Gültekin A, Ramyar K. Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. July 2022;11(3):758-765. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1114737
Chicago Gültekin, Adil, and Kambiz Ramyar. “Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi Uygulanan Kaolinin Puzolanik Aktivitesinin Incelenmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 3 (July 2022): 758-65. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1114737.
EndNote Gültekin A, Ramyar K (July 1, 2022) Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11 3 758–765.
IEEE A. Gültekin and K. Ramyar, “Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 758–765, 2022, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.1114737.
ISNAD Gültekin, Adil - Ramyar, Kambiz. “Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi Uygulanan Kaolinin Puzolanik Aktivitesinin Incelenmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11/3 (July 2022), 758-765. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1114737.
JAMA Gültekin A, Ramyar K. Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2022;11:758–765.
MLA Gültekin, Adil and Kambiz Ramyar. “Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi Uygulanan Kaolinin Puzolanik Aktivitesinin Incelenmesi”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2022, pp. 758-65, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.1114737.
Vancouver Gültekin A, Ramyar K. Mikrodalga ısıl işlemi uygulanan kaolinin puzolanik aktivitesinin incelenmesi. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2022;11(3):758-65.

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