Abstract
Teaching Turkish is an important discipline that continues its development not only by diversifying from mother tongue teaching to foreign language teaching, from second language teaching to teaching Turkish to bilinguals but also by nourishing this diversity. This discipline benefits from national regulations and practices with the contribution of international and interdisciplinary studies. Educational sciences and pedagogy are at the forefront of these disciplines, but they take place in many fields such as preschool, literature teaching, psychology and sociology. Studies in the field of psychology, especially in the field of learning psychology, have affected the development of disciplines related to language teaching as much as in each field related to educational sciences. Within the scope of this study, the gradual release of responsibility model, which was brought to the literature with the studies of Fisher and Nancy in 2003 and 2008, was discussed and explained in terms of Turkish language teaching. In this descriptive research design which is based on document analysis, it was theoretically explained how gradual release of responsibility model could be used for teaching Turkish language both as a mother tongue and as a foreign/second language. Currently, activities and instructional designs are being designed for the application of the model.
References
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Bandura, A. (1982). “Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency”. American Psychologist. 37. 122-147.
- Bandura, A. (2006). Guide to the construction of self-efficacy scales. In (F. Pajares and T. Urdan Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (p. 307-337). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
- Borcih, G.D. (2017). Effective Teaching Methods, Research-Based Practice. London: Eighth Edition.
- CEFR. (2018). Common European Framework Of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment Companion Volume With New Descriptors. Strasbourg: Council Of Europe.
- Creswell, J. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni (3. Baskıdan Çeviri). Mesut Bütün, Selçuk Beşir Demir (Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
- D-AOBM (2021). Diller İçin Avrupa Ortak Başvuru Metni: Öğrenme, Öğretme ve Değerlendirme, Tamamlayıcı Cilt. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Duke, N.K., 8c Pearson, P.D. (2002). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. In A. Farstrup 8c J. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (3rd ed., pp. 205-242). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
- Fisher, D. (2015) Effective Use of the Gradual Release of Responsibility Model The Gradual Release of Responsibility Mode, San Diego State University. (researchgate.net). Kaynak: (PDF) Effective Use of the Gradual Release of Responsibility Model The Gradual Release of Responsibility Model (researchgate.net)
- Fisher, Douglas ve Frey, Nancy (2003). “Writing Instruction For Struggling Adolescent Readers: A Gradual Release Model”, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 46, 396–407.
- Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2008). Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, s. 155. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED509133.
- Kong, A., & Pearson, P. D. (2003). The road to participation: The construction of a literacy practice in a learning community of linguistically diverse learners. Research in the Teaching of English, 38, 85–124.
- Lloyd, S. L. (2004). Using comprehension strategies as a springboard for student talk. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 48, 114–124.
- MEB (2020). Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Programı. PİKTES. Ankara.
- Özden, Y. (2005). Öğrenme ve Öğretme. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
- Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 317–344. Erişim: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/17939/ctrstreadtechrepv01983i00297_opt.pdf?s
- Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children.New York: International University Press.
- TMV (2019). Türkiye Maarif Vakfı Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretim Programı.
- TMV (2020). 12 Kasım 2021 https://www.turkiyemaarif.org/uploads/Turkcenin_Yabanci_Dil_Olarak_Ogretimi_Programi_2_Baski.pdf adresinden tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- Uyar, Y. (2015). Öz Düzenlemeye Dayalı Okuma Becerisinin Geliştirilmesi ve Anlamaya Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1962) Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society. The development of highcr psycho1ogical processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer. Press
- WEB 1: http://prism.scholarslab.org/prisms/99fe7650-a6d5-11e6-9757-005056b3784e/visualize?locale=de
- Zimmerman, B. J. & Schunk, D. H. (2008). Motivation: An essential dimension of selfregulated learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Ed.) Motivation and selregulated learning: Theory, research, and application. (pp. 1–30). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Abstract
Türkçe öğretimi, ana dili öğretiminden yabancı dil öğretimine; ikinci dil öğretiminden iki dillilere Türkçe öğretimine kadar çeşitlenerek ve bu çeşitliliği beslerken buradan da zenginleşerek gelişimini sürdüren önemli bir disiplindir. Bu disiplin, ulusal düzenleme ve uygulamaların yanı sıra uluslararası ve disiplinler arası çalışmalardan da istifade etmektedir. Bu disiplinlerin başında eğitim bilimleri, pedagoji gelmekle birlikte okul öncesi, edebiyat öğretimi, psikoloji, sosyoloji gibi birçok alan da yer almaktadır. Temelde psikoloji alanında özelde öğrenme psikolojisi alanındaki çalışmalar, eğitim bilimleri ile ilgili her alanda olduğu kadar dil öğretimi ile ilgili bilim dallarının gelişimini de önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Fisher ve Nancy’nin 2003 ve 2008 yıllarındaki çalışmaları ile literatüre kazandırılan kademeli sorumluluk aktarım modeli Türkçe öğretimi açısından ele alınmış ve açıklanmıştır. Betimsel tarama modeline dayalı doküman analizinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, söz konusu modelin Türkçenin hem ana dili hem de yabancı/ikinci dil olarak öğretimi için nasıl kullanılabileceğini kuramsal biçimde açıklanmıştır. Modelin uygulaması için etkinlik ve öğretim tasarımları üzerinde çalışılmaktadır.
References
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Bandura, A. (1982). “Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency”. American Psychologist. 37. 122-147.
- Bandura, A. (2006). Guide to the construction of self-efficacy scales. In (F. Pajares and T. Urdan Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (p. 307-337). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
- Borcih, G.D. (2017). Effective Teaching Methods, Research-Based Practice. London: Eighth Edition.
- CEFR. (2018). Common European Framework Of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment Companion Volume With New Descriptors. Strasbourg: Council Of Europe.
- Creswell, J. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni (3. Baskıdan Çeviri). Mesut Bütün, Selçuk Beşir Demir (Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
- D-AOBM (2021). Diller İçin Avrupa Ortak Başvuru Metni: Öğrenme, Öğretme ve Değerlendirme, Tamamlayıcı Cilt. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
- Duke, N.K., 8c Pearson, P.D. (2002). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. In A. Farstrup 8c J. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (3rd ed., pp. 205-242). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
- Fisher, D. (2015) Effective Use of the Gradual Release of Responsibility Model The Gradual Release of Responsibility Mode, San Diego State University. (researchgate.net). Kaynak: (PDF) Effective Use of the Gradual Release of Responsibility Model The Gradual Release of Responsibility Model (researchgate.net)
- Fisher, Douglas ve Frey, Nancy (2003). “Writing Instruction For Struggling Adolescent Readers: A Gradual Release Model”, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 46, 396–407.
- Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2008). Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, s. 155. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED509133.
- Kong, A., & Pearson, P. D. (2003). The road to participation: The construction of a literacy practice in a learning community of linguistically diverse learners. Research in the Teaching of English, 38, 85–124.
- Lloyd, S. L. (2004). Using comprehension strategies as a springboard for student talk. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 48, 114–124.
- MEB (2020). Türkçenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Programı. PİKTES. Ankara.
- Özden, Y. (2005). Öğrenme ve Öğretme. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
- Pearson, P. D., & Gallagher, M. C. (1983). The instruction of reading comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 317–344. Erişim: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/17939/ctrstreadtechrepv01983i00297_opt.pdf?s
- Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children.New York: International University Press.
- TMV (2019). Türkiye Maarif Vakfı Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretim Programı.
- TMV (2020). 12 Kasım 2021 https://www.turkiyemaarif.org/uploads/Turkcenin_Yabanci_Dil_Olarak_Ogretimi_Programi_2_Baski.pdf adresinden tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- Uyar, Y. (2015). Öz Düzenlemeye Dayalı Okuma Becerisinin Geliştirilmesi ve Anlamaya Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1962) Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society. The development of highcr psycho1ogical processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer. Press
- WEB 1: http://prism.scholarslab.org/prisms/99fe7650-a6d5-11e6-9757-005056b3784e/visualize?locale=de
- Zimmerman, B. J. & Schunk, D. H. (2008). Motivation: An essential dimension of selfregulated learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Ed.) Motivation and selregulated learning: Theory, research, and application. (pp. 1–30). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Studies on Education |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 23, 2022 |
| Publication Date | May 1, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |
