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İnsanlığın Metafiziksel Kozmoloji Anlayışında Mezopotamya Mitolojisinin Sahip Olduğu Evren Algılayışının Etkisi

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: OS (SI) 2, 18 - 27, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.282260

Abstract

İnsan, varoluşundan beri gözleri ile gördüğü dünyayı olduğu gibi kabul etmişken, zamanla gördüğünün

ötesinde bir dünyanın var olması gerektiğini tasavvur etmeye başlamıştır. Günümüzden 10.000 yıl önce sona

eren “Paleolitik Çağ” insanları mağara duvarlarına av hayvanlarının resimlerini çizerken gördükleri ve

yaşadıkları dünyayı yansıtıyordu. Fakat yaklaşık 6000 yıl sonra Mezopotamya’da yaşayan insanlar, kil

tabletlerde dünyanın nasıl oluştuğunu ya da kendilerinin nası l var olduğunu anlatmaya çalışmaktaydı.

Mezopotamya kökenli mitoslardan anladığımız kadarıyla büyük gizeme sahip insanın ve evrenin

varoluşunun kaynağı tanrılara dayandırılmıştır. Mezopotamya toplumları bugünkü anlamda bir düşünme

sistematiği, bir diğer deyişle “felsefe” geliştirmeyi başaramamış olmalarına rağmen nesnel ve somut

verilerden, yani yaşadıkları dünyanın sunduğu görüntüden yola çıkarak kendilerine bir evren algı layışı

geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Mezopotamya’da yaşayan insanların kendilerinden sonraki toplumlara bıraktıkları

en önemli maddi kültür unsuru olan mi toslardan yola çıkarak onların evren algılayışlarını açıklayarak

bunun sonraki dönemdeki metafiziksel kozmoloji anlayışına olan etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır.

References

  • Adams, R. M. (2007). The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico. Transaction Press.
  • Alster, B.; Herman V. (1987). “Lahar and Asnan: Presentation and Analysis of a Sumerian Disputation”. Acta Sumerologica 9, 1 – 43.
  • Angelo, J. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy. Infobase Publishing.
  • Armstrong, K. (2004). A Short History Of Myth. Canongate Books.
  • Bailkey, N. (1967). Early Mesopotamian Constitutional Development. The American Historical Review, 1211-1236.
  • Bertman, S. (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press.
  • Black, J.; Anthony G. (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. University of Texas Press.
  • Bonnefoy, Y.; Doniger, W. (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press.
  • Bottéro, J.; Herrenschmidt, C. (2000). Ancestor of the West: Writing, Reasoning, and Religion in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Greece. University of Chicago Press.
  • Bulliet, R.; Crossley P. (2001). The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History. Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Calle, C. I. (2009). The Universe--Order Without Design. Prometheus Books.
  • Campbell, J. (1959). “The Historical Development Of Mythology”. Daedalus, 88 /2, 232-254.
  • Chaple, G. F. (2009). Guide to the Universe: Outer Planets. Greenwood Press.
  • Clark, K. J. (2014). Religion and the Sciences of Origins: Historical and Contemporary Discussions. Macmillan Publishing.
  • Covensky, M. (1966). The Ancient Near Eastern Tradition. Harper & Row.
  • Crawford, H. (2004). Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge University Press.
  • Croucher, K. (2012). Death and Dying in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford University Press.
  • Curry, A. (2012). “Seeking the Roots of Ritual”. AAAS, 319, 278 – 280.
  • Dalley, S. (2000). Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. Oxford University Press.
  • Delaporte, L. (2013). Mesopotamia. Routledge.
  • Diakonoff, I. M. (1991). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dietrich, O. & Heun M. (2012). “The Role Of Cult And Feasting in The Emergence Of Neolithic Communities. New Evidence from Göbekli Tepe, South-Eastern Turkey”, Antiquity, 86 / 333, 674 – 695.
  • Ellis, R. (2012). Jesus, King of Edessa: The Biblical Jesus Discovered in The Historical Record. Edfu Books.
  • Elsersawi, A. (2009). The Atom and the Universe: Theories and Facts Unfold. Xlibris Press.
  • Emery, N. & Clayton, N. (2008). Social Intelligence: from Brain to Culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Erhat, A. (1978). Mitoloji Sözlüğü. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Fellows, W. J. (1979). Religions East and West. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
  • Finkel, I.L. & M.J. Geller (1997). Sumerian Gods and Their Representations. Styx Publishers.
  • Gadotti, A. (2014). Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld and the Sumerian Gilgamesh Cycle. Walter de Gruyter Publishers.
  • George, A. R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition And Cuneiform Texts. Oxford University Press.
  • Goff, B. L. (1963). Symbols of Prehistoric Mesopotamia. Yale University Press.
  • Goody, J. (1986). The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society. Cambridge University Press.
  • Grinin, L.; Carneiro, R. (2004). The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues. Uchitel Publishing.
  • Guthrie, R. D. (2006). The Nature of Paleolithic Art. University Of Chicago Press.
  • Hainesworth, D. (2012). Understanding the Properties and Behavior of the Cosmos. Author House Publishing.
  • Harris, S. L.; Platzner, G. (2001). Classical Mythology: Images and Insights. McGraw-Hill Press.
  • Haviland, W.; Walrath, D. (2013). Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge. Cengage Learning.
  • Heidel, A. (1949). Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hetherington, N. S. (1993). Cosmology: Historical, Literary, Philosophical, Religous and Scientific Perspectives. CRC Press.
  • Hooke, S. H. (2013). Middle Eastern Mythology. Dover Publications.
  • Horowitz, W. (1998). Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Eisenbrauns.
  • Jackson, D. P. (2012). Gılgamış Destanı. Arkadaş Yayınları.
  • Jager, B. (2001). “The Birth Of Poetry And The Creation Of A Human World: An Exploration of the Epic of Gilgamesh”. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 32 /2, 131-154.
  • James, E. O. (1970). Creation and Cosmology: A Historical and Comparative Inquiry. Brill Publishing.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1963). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1972). Sumerian Mythology. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1999). Sümer Mitolojisi. Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Kuhn, K. F.; Koupelis, T. (2004). In Quest of the Universe. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Laneri, N. (2015). Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxbow Books.
  • Langford, J. J. (1992). Galileo, Science, and the Church. University of Michigan Press.
  • Leeming, D. A. (2009). Creation Myths of the World I-II. Abc-Clio Publishing.
  • Leick, G. (1998). A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology. Routledge Publishing.
  • Leick, G. (2008). "Sexuality and religion in Mesopotamia." Religion Compass 2 / 2, 119-133.
  • Lewis-Williams, J. D. (2009). The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origins of Art. Thames & Hudson Press.
  • Livingstone, A. (1986). Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Eisenbrauns.
  • Lockard, C. A. (2011). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History to 1500. Cengage Learning.
  • Maden, S. (2015). Gılgamış Destanı. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Maier, J. R. (1997). Gilgamesh: a Reader. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers.
  • Matthews, R. (2003). The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories and Approaches. Routledge Publishing.
  • Matthews, R.; Gambino, E. (2001). Myths and Civilization of the Ancient Mesopotamians. Peter Bedrick Books.
  • Michaud, M. (2010). Contact With Alien Civilizations: Our Hopes And Fears About Encountering Extraterrestrials. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Mieroop, M. V (1999). The Ancient Mesopotamian City. Oxford University Press.
  • Mircea, E. (1996). “The Prestige of the Cosmogonic Myth”. Philosophy, Religious Studies, and Myth Editör: R. A. Segal. Routledge Publishing.
  • Mithen, S. J. (1998). The Prehistory of the Mind a Search for the Origins of Art, Religion and Science. W&N Press.
  • Montgomery, D. R. (2007). Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. University of California Press.
  • Monti, D. J.; Borer, I. L. (2014). Urban People and Places: The Sociology of Cities, Suburbs, and Towns. Sage Publications.
  • Munitz, M. K. (2008). Theories of the Universe. Simon and Schuster.
  • Orlin, L. L. (2007). Life and Thought in the Ancient Near East. University of Michigan Press.
  • Padamsee, H. S. (2002). Unifying the Universe: The Physics of Heaven and Earth. CRC Press.
  • Palmer, M. (2002). World Religions. Barnes & Noble Books.
  • Pedersen, O. (1993). Early Physics and Astronomy: a Historical Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pekşen, O. (2016). “Eski Mezopotamya’daki Savaşlarda Tanrıların Rolü”, History Studies, 8/2, 55-68.
  • Pollock, S. (1999). Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Cambridge University Press.
  • Postgate, N. (1992). Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. Taylor & Francis Publishing.
  • Potts, D. T. (2012). A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Roscoe, W. (1996). “Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion”, History of Religions, 35 / 3, 195-230.
  • Sagona, A. (2006). The Heritage of Eastern Turkey: From Earliest Settlements to Islam. Macmillan Education Publications.
  • Sakolsky, J. (2004). Copernicus and Modern Astronomy. Rosen Publishing.
  • Sandars, N. K. (1971). Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia. Penguin Classics.
  • Sanderson, S. K. (1999). Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical Development. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Sassoon, J. (1993). From Sumer to Jerusalem: The Forbidden Hypothesis. Intellect Press.
  • Schmidt, K. (2000). “Göbekli Tepe and the Rock Art of the Near East", Tuba-Ar, 3, 1-14.
  • Schmidt, K. (2005). “Ritual Centers’ and the Neolithisation of Upper Mesopotamia”, Neo-Lithics, Dialogue on the Early Neolithic Origin of Ritual Centers, 2 / 5, 13-21.
  • Schmidt, K. (2007). Taş Çağı Avcılarının Gizemli Kutsal Alanı: Göbekli Tepe: En Eski Tapınağı Yapanlar. Çeviren: Rüstem Aslan. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Seeds, M.; Dana B. (2011). Universe: Solar System, Stars, and Galaxies. Brooks Cole Publishing.
  • Snell, D. C. (2005). A Companion to the Ancient Near East. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Somervill, B. A. (2009). Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia. Infobase Publishing.
  • Stambovsky, P. (1996). Myth and the Limits of Reason. Rodopi Bv Editions.
  • Stone, E. C.; Zimansky, P. (2004). The Anatomy of a Mesopotamian City: Survey and Soundings at Mashkan-shapir. Eisenbrauns Press.
  • Taracha, P. (2009). Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia. Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Taub, L. C. (1993). Ptolemy's Universe: The Natural Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Ptolemy's Astronomy. Open Court.
  • Thurston, H. (1996). Early Astronomy. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Tigay, J. H. (1982). The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers.
  • Walton, J. (2006). Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament. Baker Academic.
  • Whitley, D. S. (2008). Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief. Prometheus Books.
  • Whitney, E. (2004). Medieval Science and Technology. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Wildwood, G. (2010). Ancient Mesopotamia Civilization. Rosen Publishing.
  • Yoffee, N.; G. L. Cowgill, (2003). The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. University of Arizona Press
Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: OS (SI) 2, 18 - 27, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.282260

Abstract

References

  • Adams, R. M. (2007). The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico. Transaction Press.
  • Alster, B.; Herman V. (1987). “Lahar and Asnan: Presentation and Analysis of a Sumerian Disputation”. Acta Sumerologica 9, 1 – 43.
  • Angelo, J. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy. Infobase Publishing.
  • Armstrong, K. (2004). A Short History Of Myth. Canongate Books.
  • Bailkey, N. (1967). Early Mesopotamian Constitutional Development. The American Historical Review, 1211-1236.
  • Bertman, S. (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press.
  • Black, J.; Anthony G. (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. University of Texas Press.
  • Bonnefoy, Y.; Doniger, W. (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press.
  • Bottéro, J.; Herrenschmidt, C. (2000). Ancestor of the West: Writing, Reasoning, and Religion in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Greece. University of Chicago Press.
  • Bulliet, R.; Crossley P. (2001). The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History. Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Calle, C. I. (2009). The Universe--Order Without Design. Prometheus Books.
  • Campbell, J. (1959). “The Historical Development Of Mythology”. Daedalus, 88 /2, 232-254.
  • Chaple, G. F. (2009). Guide to the Universe: Outer Planets. Greenwood Press.
  • Clark, K. J. (2014). Religion and the Sciences of Origins: Historical and Contemporary Discussions. Macmillan Publishing.
  • Covensky, M. (1966). The Ancient Near Eastern Tradition. Harper & Row.
  • Crawford, H. (2004). Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge University Press.
  • Croucher, K. (2012). Death and Dying in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford University Press.
  • Curry, A. (2012). “Seeking the Roots of Ritual”. AAAS, 319, 278 – 280.
  • Dalley, S. (2000). Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. Oxford University Press.
  • Delaporte, L. (2013). Mesopotamia. Routledge.
  • Diakonoff, I. M. (1991). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press.
  • Dietrich, O. & Heun M. (2012). “The Role Of Cult And Feasting in The Emergence Of Neolithic Communities. New Evidence from Göbekli Tepe, South-Eastern Turkey”, Antiquity, 86 / 333, 674 – 695.
  • Ellis, R. (2012). Jesus, King of Edessa: The Biblical Jesus Discovered in The Historical Record. Edfu Books.
  • Elsersawi, A. (2009). The Atom and the Universe: Theories and Facts Unfold. Xlibris Press.
  • Emery, N. & Clayton, N. (2008). Social Intelligence: from Brain to Culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Erhat, A. (1978). Mitoloji Sözlüğü. Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Fellows, W. J. (1979). Religions East and West. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
  • Finkel, I.L. & M.J. Geller (1997). Sumerian Gods and Their Representations. Styx Publishers.
  • Gadotti, A. (2014). Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld and the Sumerian Gilgamesh Cycle. Walter de Gruyter Publishers.
  • George, A. R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition And Cuneiform Texts. Oxford University Press.
  • Goff, B. L. (1963). Symbols of Prehistoric Mesopotamia. Yale University Press.
  • Goody, J. (1986). The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society. Cambridge University Press.
  • Grinin, L.; Carneiro, R. (2004). The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues. Uchitel Publishing.
  • Guthrie, R. D. (2006). The Nature of Paleolithic Art. University Of Chicago Press.
  • Hainesworth, D. (2012). Understanding the Properties and Behavior of the Cosmos. Author House Publishing.
  • Harris, S. L.; Platzner, G. (2001). Classical Mythology: Images and Insights. McGraw-Hill Press.
  • Haviland, W.; Walrath, D. (2013). Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge. Cengage Learning.
  • Heidel, A. (1949). Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hetherington, N. S. (1993). Cosmology: Historical, Literary, Philosophical, Religous and Scientific Perspectives. CRC Press.
  • Hooke, S. H. (2013). Middle Eastern Mythology. Dover Publications.
  • Horowitz, W. (1998). Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Eisenbrauns.
  • Jackson, D. P. (2012). Gılgamış Destanı. Arkadaş Yayınları.
  • Jager, B. (2001). “The Birth Of Poetry And The Creation Of A Human World: An Exploration of the Epic of Gilgamesh”. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 32 /2, 131-154.
  • James, E. O. (1970). Creation and Cosmology: A Historical and Comparative Inquiry. Brill Publishing.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1963). The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1972). Sumerian Mythology. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1999). Sümer Mitolojisi. Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Kuhn, K. F.; Koupelis, T. (2004). In Quest of the Universe. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Laneri, N. (2015). Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East. Oxbow Books.
  • Langford, J. J. (1992). Galileo, Science, and the Church. University of Michigan Press.
  • Leeming, D. A. (2009). Creation Myths of the World I-II. Abc-Clio Publishing.
  • Leick, G. (1998). A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology. Routledge Publishing.
  • Leick, G. (2008). "Sexuality and religion in Mesopotamia." Religion Compass 2 / 2, 119-133.
  • Lewis-Williams, J. D. (2009). The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origins of Art. Thames & Hudson Press.
  • Livingstone, A. (1986). Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Eisenbrauns.
  • Lockard, C. A. (2011). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History to 1500. Cengage Learning.
  • Maden, S. (2015). Gılgamış Destanı. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Maier, J. R. (1997). Gilgamesh: a Reader. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers.
  • Matthews, R. (2003). The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: Theories and Approaches. Routledge Publishing.
  • Matthews, R.; Gambino, E. (2001). Myths and Civilization of the Ancient Mesopotamians. Peter Bedrick Books.
  • Michaud, M. (2010). Contact With Alien Civilizations: Our Hopes And Fears About Encountering Extraterrestrials. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Mieroop, M. V (1999). The Ancient Mesopotamian City. Oxford University Press.
  • Mircea, E. (1996). “The Prestige of the Cosmogonic Myth”. Philosophy, Religious Studies, and Myth Editör: R. A. Segal. Routledge Publishing.
  • Mithen, S. J. (1998). The Prehistory of the Mind a Search for the Origins of Art, Religion and Science. W&N Press.
  • Montgomery, D. R. (2007). Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. University of California Press.
  • Monti, D. J.; Borer, I. L. (2014). Urban People and Places: The Sociology of Cities, Suburbs, and Towns. Sage Publications.
  • Munitz, M. K. (2008). Theories of the Universe. Simon and Schuster.
  • Orlin, L. L. (2007). Life and Thought in the Ancient Near East. University of Michigan Press.
  • Padamsee, H. S. (2002). Unifying the Universe: The Physics of Heaven and Earth. CRC Press.
  • Palmer, M. (2002). World Religions. Barnes & Noble Books.
  • Pedersen, O. (1993). Early Physics and Astronomy: a Historical Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
  • Pekşen, O. (2016). “Eski Mezopotamya’daki Savaşlarda Tanrıların Rolü”, History Studies, 8/2, 55-68.
  • Pollock, S. (1999). Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden That Never Was. Cambridge University Press.
  • Postgate, N. (1992). Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. Taylor & Francis Publishing.
  • Potts, D. T. (2012). A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Roscoe, W. (1996). “Priests of the Goddess: Gender Transgression in Ancient Religion”, History of Religions, 35 / 3, 195-230.
  • Sagona, A. (2006). The Heritage of Eastern Turkey: From Earliest Settlements to Islam. Macmillan Education Publications.
  • Sakolsky, J. (2004). Copernicus and Modern Astronomy. Rosen Publishing.
  • Sandars, N. K. (1971). Poems of Heaven and Hell from Ancient Mesopotamia. Penguin Classics.
  • Sanderson, S. K. (1999). Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical Development. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Sassoon, J. (1993). From Sumer to Jerusalem: The Forbidden Hypothesis. Intellect Press.
  • Schmidt, K. (2000). “Göbekli Tepe and the Rock Art of the Near East", Tuba-Ar, 3, 1-14.
  • Schmidt, K. (2005). “Ritual Centers’ and the Neolithisation of Upper Mesopotamia”, Neo-Lithics, Dialogue on the Early Neolithic Origin of Ritual Centers, 2 / 5, 13-21.
  • Schmidt, K. (2007). Taş Çağı Avcılarının Gizemli Kutsal Alanı: Göbekli Tepe: En Eski Tapınağı Yapanlar. Çeviren: Rüstem Aslan. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Seeds, M.; Dana B. (2011). Universe: Solar System, Stars, and Galaxies. Brooks Cole Publishing.
  • Snell, D. C. (2005). A Companion to the Ancient Near East. John Wiley & Sons Press.
  • Somervill, B. A. (2009). Empires of Ancient Mesopotamia. Infobase Publishing.
  • Stambovsky, P. (1996). Myth and the Limits of Reason. Rodopi Bv Editions.
  • Stone, E. C.; Zimansky, P. (2004). The Anatomy of a Mesopotamian City: Survey and Soundings at Mashkan-shapir. Eisenbrauns Press.
  • Taracha, P. (2009). Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia. Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Taub, L. C. (1993). Ptolemy's Universe: The Natural Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Ptolemy's Astronomy. Open Court.
  • Thurston, H. (1996). Early Astronomy. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Tigay, J. H. (1982). The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers.
  • Walton, J. (2006). Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament. Baker Academic.
  • Whitley, D. S. (2008). Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief. Prometheus Books.
  • Whitney, E. (2004). Medieval Science and Technology. Greenwood Publishing.
  • Wildwood, G. (2010). Ancient Mesopotamia Civilization. Rosen Publishing.
  • Yoffee, N.; G. L. Cowgill, (2003). The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. University of Arizona Press
There are 98 citations in total.

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Ercüment Yıldırım

Publication Date December 28, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: OS (SI) 2

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APA Yıldırım, E. (2016). İnsanlığın Metafiziksel Kozmoloji Anlayışında Mezopotamya Mitolojisinin Sahip Olduğu Evren Algılayışının Etkisi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(OS (SI) 2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.282260

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