Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: Special Issue, 547 - 566, 26.12.2023
Abstract
Kentler kuruldukları dönemlerden beri doğal afetler, teknolojik afetler, iklim değişikliği, salgın hastalıklar, kaynak kıtlığı gibi sosyal, ekolojik ve ekonomik tehlikelerle karşı karşıyadır. Bu tehlikelerle başa çıkabilmek kentsel dirençliliği gerektirmektedir. Dolayısıyla kentler de tehlikelere karşı bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte önlemler alarak dirençlilik geliştirmeye başlamıştır. Günümüzde kentler hala öngörülemeyen tehlikelere karşı varlıklarını sürdürmeye çalışmaktadır. Bunların başında ise iklim değişikliği ve iklim değişikliği kaynaklı afetler yer almaktadır. Makale kapsamında kentsel dirençliliği konu alan tezler betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Tezlerin odaklandığı mekanlar; binalar, sokaklar, bahçeler, kamusal alanlar, yeşil alanlar, şehir içi sulak alanlar, kıyı bölgeleri, mahalleler, kahverengi alanlar, şehirler, terk edilmiş alanlar olarak kategorize edilmiştir. Bu odak mekanlar ile kentsel dirençlilik yaklaşımları, kentlerin nelere karşı dirençlilik geliştirdiği ve kentsel tehlikeler değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta kentsel dirençliliğin bina ölçeğinden şehir ölçeğine kadar farklı mekânsal potansiyeller barındıran disiplinler arası bir çalışma alanı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Mimarlık disiplini özelinde kentsel dirençliliğin sağlanmasında etkili olabilecek kavramlar ve mekânsal yaklaşımlar hakkında öngörülerde bulunulmuştur.
Thanks
Makalede ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir.
References
- Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347–364. doi:10.1191/030913200701540465
- Admiraal, H. & Cornaro, A. (2019, Mayıs). Future cities, resilient cities – The role of underground space in achieving urban resilience. doi:10.1016/j.undsp.2019.02.001
- Albright, C. M. (2018). Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure. Ph.D. Thesis. Villanova University.
- ARUP. (2014). Understanding and Measuring City Resilience . Arup .
- Barbosa, L. M. (2021). “Risk Areas or Rich Areas?”:State-Led Precarity and Resistance to Favela Removal in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis. United States: Lancaster University.
- Calvano, A. G. (2017). Putting Resilience on the Map: Toward the Development of a GIS-based Resilience Scorecard for Critical Urban Infrastructure Systems. M.Sc.S.E. Thesis. Villanova University.
- Carvalhaes, T. (2021). Transitioning Into Complexity-Driven Resilience Assessments for Urban Systems. Phd. Thesis. United States: Arizona State University.
- Cruz, S. S., Costa, J., de Sousa, S. & Pinho, P. (2013). Urban Resilience and Spatial Dynamics. A. Eraydın, & T. Taşan Kok içinde, Resilience Thinking in Urban Planning (s. 53-69). Springer.
- Cubol, E. M. (2021). Building Urban Resilience in New York City. Ohio, United States: Antioch University.
- Deng, H. (2021). Large-Scale Locational Data Analytics for Urban Resilience. Phd. Thesis. Boston, America: Northeastern University.
- Derinci, G. (2022). Alışveriş Caddelerinin Dirençliliği: Ankara, Kızılay Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi .
- Eraydın, A. & Taşan-Kok, T. (2013). The Evaluation of Findings and Future of Resilience Thinking in Planning. A. Eraydın, & T. Taşan Kok içinde, Resilience Thinking in Urban Planning (s. 229-239). Springer.
- Edward, J. (2011). Il faut réculer pour mieux sauter. (You have to step back to jump further): Agriculture, sustainability and community resiliency in urban environments. M.C.M.P. Thesis. The University of Utah.
- Fan, C. (2020). Understanding Network Dynamics in Flooding Emergencies for Urban Resilience. Ph.D. Thesis. Texas A&M University.
- Foster, K. A. (2006). A Case Study Approach to Understanding Regional Resilience. Annual Conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Texas: The Instıtute of Urban and Regıonal Development. https://www.econstor.eu/obitstream/10419/59413/1/592535347.pdf adresinden alındı
- Fu, X. (2017). Developing an Integrated Scenario-based Urban Resilience Planning Support System. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cincinnati.
- Galvane, J. V. (2021). The Impact of Green Infrastructure (GI) on the Urban Water Cicle: A Multi-Scalar Approach. M.E. thesis. Universidade do Algarve (Portugal).
- Gannaway, J. (2020). Application of Resilient Post-industrial Design Interventions on a Small-scale River Site: Puritan-Wellington Mill in Athens, Georgia. M.L.A. Thesis. University of Georgia.
- Godschalk, D. R. (2003, Ağustos 1). Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities. Natural Hazards Review, s. 136-143. doi:: 10.1061/~ASCE!1527-6988
- Hashimoto, H. M. (2018). From Pee to Potable: Steering from Day Zero Through Urban Wastewater Recycling. M.S. Thesis . Tufts University.
- Hobbins, R. (2020). Knowledge System Innovation for Resilient Coastal Cities. Ph.D. Thesis . Arizona State University.
- Hobbins, R. J. (2020). Knowledge System Innovation for Resilient Coastal Cities. Ph.D. Thesis. Arizona State University.
- Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23. https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bdg/pdfs_bdg/2013/Holling%201973.pdf adresinden alındı
- Kayatekin, C. (2017). The Global City and Its Discontents: A Study of New York City's Garment District, 1930-1980. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Oregon .
- Khemri, M. Y. (2020). Socially Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Algiers : the Reinterpretation of El Houma as an Alternative to Neighbourhood Models of Globalisation. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Portsmouth (United Kingdom).
- Küçüközer, A. (2016). Fen bilgisi eğitimi alanında yapılan doktora tezlerine bir bakış . Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 10(1), 107-141. doi:https://doi.org/10.17522/nefefmed.54132
- Le, T. (2019). Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Cities of Developing Countries: An Examination of Municipal Climate Action Plans. Ph.D. Thesis. State University of New York at Buffalo.
- Letlape, B. H. (2019). Unpacking the Concept of Urban Resilience in the Face of Urban Change : The Case of Maboneng Precinct. M.A. Thesis. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
- Liao, K.-H. (2012). The Dynamics and Resilience of River Cities as Coupled Human-Natural Systems. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Washington.
- Lim, H. K. (2016). Planning for Emergence: Confronting Rule-Based and Design-Based Urban Development. Licentiate Thesis . Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola (Sweden).
- Meerow, S. A. (2017). The Contested Nature of Urban Resilience: Meaning and Models for Green Infrastructure and Climate Change Adaptation Planning. Ph.D. Thesis. Ph.D.
- Mirzaee, S. (2019). Assessing Urban Resilience Using Network Science and Data Mining. Ph.D. Thesis. Northeastern University.
- Najjar, M. A. (2020). The Investigation of Sustainability Assessments’ Transformative Role in the Resilience of Arabian Gulf Cities: The Case of Doha, Qatar. M.S. Thesis. Hamad Bin Khalifa University (Qatar).
- NIAC. (2010). A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals. National Infrastructure Advisory Council.
- Özkardeş, O. G. (2013). Türkiye’de özel öğrenme güçlüğüne ilişkin yapılan araştırmaların betimsel analizi. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 30(2), 123-153.
- Pagani, M. (2021). City Leaders, Relationships and Urban Resilience. A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study of the City Leadership Network of Padua (Italy) and Peterborough (UK). Thesis. United States: Open University .
- Preston, P. D. (2021). The Potential Contribution of Brownfield Ecosystem Services to Urban Resilience. Thesis. United States: Manchester Metropolitan University.
- Raub, K. B. (2021). Coastal Resilience at the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water: An Interdisciplinary Perspective for Resilience Planning. Phd. Thesis. Vermont, United States: The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.
- Rivero Villar, M. (2019). The role of social capital in the resilience of self-help settlements : the case of Nezahualcóyotl in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Ph.D. Thesis. University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).
- Robertson, N. (2018). Neighbourhood Resilience to Extreme Weather Events: An Assessment Methodology for Canadian Cities. M.A. Thesis . University of Calgary (Canada).
- Robertson, N. S. (2018). Neighbourhood Resilience to Extreme Weather Events: An Assessment Methodology for Canadian Cities. M.A. Thesis. University of Calgary (Canada).
- Ruberto, D. (2018). Arts Participation and Accessibility in Wilmington, Delaware: A Youth Photovoice Project. M.A. Thesis. University of Delaware.
- Saavedra, C. (2011). Social dimensions of urban resilience to climate change. Ph.D. Thesis. Washington State University.
- Sasek, A. R. (2019). Facing Precarity: An Ontology of Urban Resilience. M.S. Thesis. Drexel University.
- Sauer, J. (2022). Pluvial Flood Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management under Evolving Urban Climates and Land Cover. Ph.D. Thesis. United States: Arizona State University.
- Shao, Y. (2017). Urban Resilience in China's Post-disaster Reconstruction Planning: The Cases of Weizhou and Yingxiu Towns, Wenchuan County. Ph.D. Thesis. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).
- Sharifi, A. (2019). Resilient urban forms: A review of literature on streets and street networks. Building and Environment, s. 171-187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.040
- Soofi, Y. (2016). Achieving Urban Resilience: Through Urban Design and Planning Principles. Master Thesis. Oxford Brookes University.
- Şahin, S. (2022). Kentsel dirençlilik bağlamında kamusal mekânlara yerelden bakmak: taktiksel şehircilik, İstanbul örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi .
- Titcomb, S. (2015). Urban Forestry in a Time of Climate Change: Can Seattle, Washington become more Resilient through the Effective Management of Urban Forests? Master's Thesis. University of Washington.
- Türk, S. A., & Midilli Sarı, R. (2022). COVİD-19 salgını sonrası öğretmen ve mimarların eğitim ortamına ilişkin görüşleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 56, 225-258. doi:10.9779.pauefd.1002810
- UNISDR. (2009). UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. UNISDR.
- Uzuner, E. (2021). Deprem Sonrası Konut Tercihlerinde Kullanıcı Bilincinin Değerlendirilmesi: Gölcük/Değirmendere Örneği. M.Sc. Thesis . Bursa Uludag University.
- Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 188- 201. doi:10.21733/ibad.871703
- von Paumgartten, J. (2018). Gestão do Risco de Inundação e Resiliência Urbana. Um Estudo Sobre Belém, Brasil. M.E. Thesis. Universidade do Porto (Portugal).
- Walsh, M. (2015). Household food gardening: Its contribution to urban resilience. M.Litt. Thesis. University College Dublin (Ireland).
- WHO. (2023, Nisan 8). Covid-19 dashboard. Gavi: https://www.gavi.org/covid19/dashboard adresinden alındı
- Ye, Z. (2022). Rapid Response City. M.S. Thesis. United States: Pratt Institute.
- Yue, H. (2022). Does Climate Investment Funding Intensify Green Gentrification in San Francisco-Oakland- Berkeley Bay Area? Master Thesis. United States: University of Washington.
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: Special Issue, 547 - 566, 26.12.2023
Abstract
Cities have been faced with social, ecological and economic dangers such as natural disasters, technological disasters, climate change, epidemic diseases, and resource scarcity since their establishment. Dealing with these dangers requires urban resilience. Therefore, cities have started to develop resilience by taking measures against dangers on a regional and global scale. Today, cities are still trying to survive against unforeseen dangers. In the forefront of these are climate change and climate-related disasters. Within the scope of the article, theses on urban resilience were examined by descriptive content analysis method. The places that the theses focus on are buildings, streets, gardens, public spaces, green spaces, urban wetlands, coastal areas, neighborhoods, brown areas, cities, and abandoned areas. With these focal spaces, urban resilience approaches, what cities develop resilience against, and urban hazards were evaluated. As a result, it has been revealed that urban resilience is an interdisciplinary field of study with different spatial potentials from building scale to city scale. Concepts and spatial approaches that can be effective in providing urban resilience in the discipline of architecture have been predicted.
References
- Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347–364. doi:10.1191/030913200701540465
- Admiraal, H. & Cornaro, A. (2019, Mayıs). Future cities, resilient cities – The role of underground space in achieving urban resilience. doi:10.1016/j.undsp.2019.02.001
- Albright, C. M. (2018). Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure. Ph.D. Thesis. Villanova University.
- ARUP. (2014). Understanding and Measuring City Resilience . Arup .
- Barbosa, L. M. (2021). “Risk Areas or Rich Areas?”:State-Led Precarity and Resistance to Favela Removal in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis. United States: Lancaster University.
- Calvano, A. G. (2017). Putting Resilience on the Map: Toward the Development of a GIS-based Resilience Scorecard for Critical Urban Infrastructure Systems. M.Sc.S.E. Thesis. Villanova University.
- Carvalhaes, T. (2021). Transitioning Into Complexity-Driven Resilience Assessments for Urban Systems. Phd. Thesis. United States: Arizona State University.
- Cruz, S. S., Costa, J., de Sousa, S. & Pinho, P. (2013). Urban Resilience and Spatial Dynamics. A. Eraydın, & T. Taşan Kok içinde, Resilience Thinking in Urban Planning (s. 53-69). Springer.
- Cubol, E. M. (2021). Building Urban Resilience in New York City. Ohio, United States: Antioch University.
- Deng, H. (2021). Large-Scale Locational Data Analytics for Urban Resilience. Phd. Thesis. Boston, America: Northeastern University.
- Derinci, G. (2022). Alışveriş Caddelerinin Dirençliliği: Ankara, Kızılay Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi .
- Eraydın, A. & Taşan-Kok, T. (2013). The Evaluation of Findings and Future of Resilience Thinking in Planning. A. Eraydın, & T. Taşan Kok içinde, Resilience Thinking in Urban Planning (s. 229-239). Springer.
- Edward, J. (2011). Il faut réculer pour mieux sauter. (You have to step back to jump further): Agriculture, sustainability and community resiliency in urban environments. M.C.M.P. Thesis. The University of Utah.
- Fan, C. (2020). Understanding Network Dynamics in Flooding Emergencies for Urban Resilience. Ph.D. Thesis. Texas A&M University.
- Foster, K. A. (2006). A Case Study Approach to Understanding Regional Resilience. Annual Conference of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Texas: The Instıtute of Urban and Regıonal Development. https://www.econstor.eu/obitstream/10419/59413/1/592535347.pdf adresinden alındı
- Fu, X. (2017). Developing an Integrated Scenario-based Urban Resilience Planning Support System. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cincinnati.
- Galvane, J. V. (2021). The Impact of Green Infrastructure (GI) on the Urban Water Cicle: A Multi-Scalar Approach. M.E. thesis. Universidade do Algarve (Portugal).
- Gannaway, J. (2020). Application of Resilient Post-industrial Design Interventions on a Small-scale River Site: Puritan-Wellington Mill in Athens, Georgia. M.L.A. Thesis. University of Georgia.
- Godschalk, D. R. (2003, Ağustos 1). Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities. Natural Hazards Review, s. 136-143. doi:: 10.1061/~ASCE!1527-6988
- Hashimoto, H. M. (2018). From Pee to Potable: Steering from Day Zero Through Urban Wastewater Recycling. M.S. Thesis . Tufts University.
- Hobbins, R. (2020). Knowledge System Innovation for Resilient Coastal Cities. Ph.D. Thesis . Arizona State University.
- Hobbins, R. J. (2020). Knowledge System Innovation for Resilient Coastal Cities. Ph.D. Thesis. Arizona State University.
- Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23. https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bdg/pdfs_bdg/2013/Holling%201973.pdf adresinden alındı
- Kayatekin, C. (2017). The Global City and Its Discontents: A Study of New York City's Garment District, 1930-1980. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Oregon .
- Khemri, M. Y. (2020). Socially Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Algiers : the Reinterpretation of El Houma as an Alternative to Neighbourhood Models of Globalisation. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Portsmouth (United Kingdom).
- Küçüközer, A. (2016). Fen bilgisi eğitimi alanında yapılan doktora tezlerine bir bakış . Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 10(1), 107-141. doi:https://doi.org/10.17522/nefefmed.54132
- Le, T. (2019). Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Cities of Developing Countries: An Examination of Municipal Climate Action Plans. Ph.D. Thesis. State University of New York at Buffalo.
- Letlape, B. H. (2019). Unpacking the Concept of Urban Resilience in the Face of Urban Change : The Case of Maboneng Precinct. M.A. Thesis. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
- Liao, K.-H. (2012). The Dynamics and Resilience of River Cities as Coupled Human-Natural Systems. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Washington.
- Lim, H. K. (2016). Planning for Emergence: Confronting Rule-Based and Design-Based Urban Development. Licentiate Thesis . Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola (Sweden).
- Meerow, S. A. (2017). The Contested Nature of Urban Resilience: Meaning and Models for Green Infrastructure and Climate Change Adaptation Planning. Ph.D. Thesis. Ph.D.
- Mirzaee, S. (2019). Assessing Urban Resilience Using Network Science and Data Mining. Ph.D. Thesis. Northeastern University.
- Najjar, M. A. (2020). The Investigation of Sustainability Assessments’ Transformative Role in the Resilience of Arabian Gulf Cities: The Case of Doha, Qatar. M.S. Thesis. Hamad Bin Khalifa University (Qatar).
- NIAC. (2010). A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals. National Infrastructure Advisory Council.
- Özkardeş, O. G. (2013). Türkiye’de özel öğrenme güçlüğüne ilişkin yapılan araştırmaların betimsel analizi. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 30(2), 123-153.
- Pagani, M. (2021). City Leaders, Relationships and Urban Resilience. A Mixed Methods Exploratory Study of the City Leadership Network of Padua (Italy) and Peterborough (UK). Thesis. United States: Open University .
- Preston, P. D. (2021). The Potential Contribution of Brownfield Ecosystem Services to Urban Resilience. Thesis. United States: Manchester Metropolitan University.
- Raub, K. B. (2021). Coastal Resilience at the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water: An Interdisciplinary Perspective for Resilience Planning. Phd. Thesis. Vermont, United States: The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.
- Rivero Villar, M. (2019). The role of social capital in the resilience of self-help settlements : the case of Nezahualcóyotl in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Ph.D. Thesis. University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).
- Robertson, N. (2018). Neighbourhood Resilience to Extreme Weather Events: An Assessment Methodology for Canadian Cities. M.A. Thesis . University of Calgary (Canada).
- Robertson, N. S. (2018). Neighbourhood Resilience to Extreme Weather Events: An Assessment Methodology for Canadian Cities. M.A. Thesis. University of Calgary (Canada).
- Ruberto, D. (2018). Arts Participation and Accessibility in Wilmington, Delaware: A Youth Photovoice Project. M.A. Thesis. University of Delaware.
- Saavedra, C. (2011). Social dimensions of urban resilience to climate change. Ph.D. Thesis. Washington State University.
- Sasek, A. R. (2019). Facing Precarity: An Ontology of Urban Resilience. M.S. Thesis. Drexel University.
- Sauer, J. (2022). Pluvial Flood Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management under Evolving Urban Climates and Land Cover. Ph.D. Thesis. United States: Arizona State University.
- Shao, Y. (2017). Urban Resilience in China's Post-disaster Reconstruction Planning: The Cases of Weizhou and Yingxiu Towns, Wenchuan County. Ph.D. Thesis. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).
- Sharifi, A. (2019). Resilient urban forms: A review of literature on streets and street networks. Building and Environment, s. 171-187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.09.040
- Soofi, Y. (2016). Achieving Urban Resilience: Through Urban Design and Planning Principles. Master Thesis. Oxford Brookes University.
- Şahin, S. (2022). Kentsel dirençlilik bağlamında kamusal mekânlara yerelden bakmak: taktiksel şehircilik, İstanbul örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi .
- Titcomb, S. (2015). Urban Forestry in a Time of Climate Change: Can Seattle, Washington become more Resilient through the Effective Management of Urban Forests? Master's Thesis. University of Washington.
- Türk, S. A., & Midilli Sarı, R. (2022). COVİD-19 salgını sonrası öğretmen ve mimarların eğitim ortamına ilişkin görüşleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 56, 225-258. doi:10.9779.pauefd.1002810
- UNISDR. (2009). UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. UNISDR.
- Uzuner, E. (2021). Deprem Sonrası Konut Tercihlerinde Kullanıcı Bilincinin Değerlendirilmesi: Gölcük/Değirmendere Örneği. M.Sc. Thesis . Bursa Uludag University.
- Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 188- 201. doi:10.21733/ibad.871703
- von Paumgartten, J. (2018). Gestão do Risco de Inundação e Resiliência Urbana. Um Estudo Sobre Belém, Brasil. M.E. Thesis. Universidade do Porto (Portugal).
- Walsh, M. (2015). Household food gardening: Its contribution to urban resilience. M.Litt. Thesis. University College Dublin (Ireland).
- WHO. (2023, Nisan 8). Covid-19 dashboard. Gavi: https://www.gavi.org/covid19/dashboard adresinden alındı
- Ye, Z. (2022). Rapid Response City. M.S. Thesis. United States: Pratt Institute.
- Yue, H. (2022). Does Climate Investment Funding Intensify Green Gentrification in San Francisco-Oakland- Berkeley Bay Area? Master Thesis. United States: University of Washington.
There are 59 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Urban Design, Architectural Design |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 26, 2023 |
| Submission Date | July 28, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: Special Issue |
