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MAKEDONYA İLE YUNANİSTAN ARASINDAKİ İSİM SORUNUNUN ÇÖZÜMÜNDE ARABULUCULUĞUN ETKİSİ

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 215 - 244, 24.01.2019

Abstract

Uluslararası toplum, uyuşmazlıkların yargı dışı yollarla çözümünü teşvik etmektedir. Bu yollardan biri olan arabuluculuk, esnekliği ve tarafların iradesine dayanması bakımından sık tercih edilmektedir. Makedonya, bağımsızlığını ilan ettiğinden beri Yunanistan ile devam eden isim sorununu, nihayet 17.6.2018 tarihinde imzalanan anlaşmayla çözmüştür. Anlaşma yürürlüğe girerse, ülkenin adı artık “Kuzey Makedonya Cumhuriyeti” olacaktır. Ancak bu anlaşma ve isim taraflar açısından tamamen uzlaşılmış bir çözüm değildir. Zira, Yunanistan, “Makedon” sözcüğünün kalmasına razı olmak zorunda kalırken, Makedonya da “Makedon” sözcüğünün ve kültürünün tekelinden vazgeçmiştir. Makedonya ile Yunanistan arasındaki isim sorununun çözümü, arabuluculuk kurumunun incelenmesi bakımından iyi bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Sorun BM arabuluculuğunda çözülmüştür. BM arabulucusu Nimetz’in göreve başlaması, mekik diplomasisi yürütmesi, taraflar arasında iletişim kurması, onları müzakere masasına oturtması, görüşmelere kendisinin de katılması ve sorunun özüne dair öneriler sunması gibi hususlar arabuluculuğun tatbikidir. Bununla birlikte arabulucunun tarafsızlığı konusu eleştiriye açıktır. Çünkü gerek geçmişinde gerekse arabuluculuk görevi devam ederken gerçekleştirdiği bağlantıları itibarıyla Nimetz’in, bir arabulucunun vasfı olan mutlak tarafsızlık açısından önemli zaafları söz konusudur.





References

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  • Agramunt, P. (2008). Use of the Provisional Reference “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” at the Council of Europe. Doc. 11524. Documents Working Papers, Vol. III: 37-41, googlekitap.
  • Alberstein, M. (2007). Forms of Mediation and Law: Cultures of Dispute Resolution. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 22(2): 321-375
  • Anadolu Ajansı (18.1.2018). UN issues list of 5 alternative names for Macedonia. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/un-issues-list-of-5-alternative-names-for-macedonia/1034991 (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Azizi, A. (2012). Analysis On European Future Of Macedonia: The Greek Obstacles On The Name Issue. International Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Studies, 4(1): 1-8.
  • Balkan Insight (11.11.2014). Nimetz’s Name Proposal for Macedonia Revealed. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/nimetz-s-name-proposal-for-macedonia-revealed (Erişim: 19.8.2018).
  • Baum, S. H. (2012). Hawking Our Wares in the Marketplace of Values–Sell Quality Not Cost When Promoting Mediation; the Interplay of Global Norms of Justice and Harmony in the Mediation Forum. Arthur W. Rovine (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation. Leiden: M. Nijhoff Pub.: 317-340, googlekitap.
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  • Bercovitch, J. (1994). The Structure and Diversity of Mediation in International Relations. Jacob Bercovitch & Jeffrey Z. Rubin (Ed.), Mediation in International Relations. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 1-29, googlekitap.
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  • GADUM (2016). Joint History Project. http://cdrsee.org/projects/education-projects/joint-history-project (Erişim: 19.8.2018).
  • Gürler, A. Y. ve Bostancı F. A. (2017). Uluslararası Hukukta Arabuluculuk ve Türkiye. Övgü K. Küçüksolak (Ed.), Current Debates in International Relations & Law, Vol. 4. İstanbul: IJOPEC Pub.: 207-218, googlekitap.
  • Hasan, B. (Tem.-Ağu. 2018). Yunan Dış Politikasının Çıkmazları ve Post-modern Bir Meydan Okuma Olarak Makedonya İsim Sorununun Türkiye’ye Etkisi. Anka Strateji Dergisi, 8: 20-23.
  • K. Yaşın, G. (11.7.2018). Makedonya-Yunanistan Anlaşması: Antik Makedonlarla İlgisi Olmamak Kaydıyla “Kuzey Makedonya”. http://www.21yyte.org/tr/arastirma/balkanlar-ve-kibris-arastirmalari-merkezi/2018/07/11/8885/makedonya-yunanistan-anlasmasi-antik-makedonlarla-ilgisi-olmamak-kaydiyla-kuzey-makedonya (Erişim: 5.8.2018).
  • -------. (26.2.2018). Makedonya’nın “İsim Sorunu” ve Dış Politikada Kazanma Düsturu. https://www.batitrakya.org/yazar/gozde-kilic-yasin/makedonyanin-isim-sorunu-ve-dis-politikada-kazanma-dusturu.html (Erişim: 31.7.2018).
  • Kalaitzidis, A. (2010). Europe’s Greece: A Giant in the Making. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, googlebook.
  • Kofos, E. (2005). The Unresolved ‘Difference Over The Name’: A Greek Perspective. Evangelos Kofos and Vlasis Vlasidis (Edi.), Athens - Skopje: An Uneasy Symbiosis (1995-2002). Athens: Eliamep: 125-223, macedonian-heritage.
  • Lederer, E. M. (25.5.2018). UN Says Issues 'Narrowed' Over Greece-Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-05-25/un-says-issues-narrowed-over-greece-macedonia-name-dispute (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Malanczuk, P. (1997). Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law. 7th Rev. Edi., New York: Routledge.
  • Merrils, J. G. (2011). International Dispute Settlement. Fifth Edi., Cambridge: Cambridge UP, googlekitap.
  • NATO (12.7.2018). The Brussels Summit: where do we go from here?. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_157532.htm?selectedLocale=en (Erişim: 3.9.2018).
  • Nevradakis, M. (9.7.2018). Investigation: Matthew Nimetz: Impartial Macedonia mediator or deep state agent?. http://theduran.com/matthew-nimetz-impartial-macedonia-mediator-deep-state-agent/ (Erişim: 20.8.2018).
  • Özgen, C. (2013/2). Balkanlar’da Güvenliğe Yönelik Bir Tehdit: Yunanistan-Makedonya Anlaşmazlığı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(25): 327-345.
  • Özgür Avrupa Radyosu. (15.1.2018). UN Envoy: 'Positive Momentum' In Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-un-envoy-positive-momentum-greece-name-dispute/28977137.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • -------. (17.1.2018). UN Mediator ‘Very Hopeful’ About Solving Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-greece-talks-un-name-dispute-nimetz-naumovski-vassilakis/28980222.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • -------. (30.1.2018). UN Mediator In Athens For Talks On Dispute With Macedonia. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-greece-name-dispute-un-talks/29006138.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • Pazarcı, H. (2000). Uluslararası Hukuk Dersleri. IV. Kitap, Ankara: Turhan Kit.
  • Schurtman, W. (2007). Trends in International Arbitration and Mediation. Anita Alibekoa & Robert Carrow (Ed.), International Arbitration and Mediation. Yorkhill LP: 31-38, googlekitap.
  • Sencer, A. (16.6.2018). Makedonya İsim Krizi: 27 Yıllık İnattan Mutlu Sona. http://bmshaber.com/makedonya-isim-krizi-27-yillik-inattan-mutlu-sona/ (Erişim: 5.8.2018).
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  • Smith, H. (12.6.2018). Macedonia agrees to new name after 27-year dispute with Greece. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/12/macedonia-agrees-to-new-name-after-27-year-dispute-with-greece (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
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  • Sur, M. (2013). Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları. Tıp. 6. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yay.
  • The National Herald. (14.12.2017). UN Envoy Nimetz Sees Greece-FYROM Name Deal in 2018. https://www.thenationalherald.com/184800/un-envoy-nimetz-sees-greece-fyrom-name-deal-2018/ (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Türkiye Gazetesi. (18.4.2018). “Türkiye karşısında etkisiz kaldık”.
  • Uluslararası Adalet Divanı. (5.12.2011). The Court finds that Greece, by objecting to the admission of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to NATO, has breached its obligation under Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995. http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/142/16841.pdf (Erişim: 3.9.2018).
  • -------. (2018a). Cases. http://icj-cij.org/en/cases (Erişim: 25.7.2018).
  • -------. (2018b). History. http://icj-cij.org/en/history (Erişim: 24.7.2018).
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Effect of Mediation for Resolution of Name Dispute between Macedonia and Greece

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 215 - 244, 24.01.2019

Abstract

International society encourages resolving disputes in extrajudicial ways. Mediation as one of these ways, which is favoured since it relies on parties’ will and its flexibility, is preferred very often. Macedonia resolved her name dispute with Greece ongoing since her independence finally inking an agreement on 17.6.2018. If the agreement comes into force, the country’s name will be “The Republic of Northern Macedonia”. But this deal and name is an acrid resolution for both of the parties. While Greece is obliged to consent to the word “Macedonia” remains, Macedonia on the other hand gives up the monopoly of the word “Macedon” and its culture. Resolution of name dispute between Macedonia and Greece constitutes a good case study in terms of studying mediation. The dispute has resolved under United Nations’ mediation. Issues such as inauguration of UN mediator Nimetz, his conducting shuttle diplomacy, establishing communication between parties, get them sit down at the negotiation table, joining negotiations in person and offering suggestions for the root of the problem are the applications of mediation. However he is supposed to be criticised about his impartiality. Both in his past and during in the line of his mediator position, in regard to his connections, Nimetz has some significant infirmity with regard to absolute objectivity which is a substantial attribute of an mediator.

References

  • Acer, Y. ve Kaya İ. (2011). Uluslararası Hukuk. 2. Baskı, Ankara: USAK Yay.
  • Agramunt, P. (2008). Use of the Provisional Reference “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” at the Council of Europe. Doc. 11524. Documents Working Papers, Vol. III: 37-41, googlekitap.
  • Alberstein, M. (2007). Forms of Mediation and Law: Cultures of Dispute Resolution. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 22(2): 321-375
  • Anadolu Ajansı (18.1.2018). UN issues list of 5 alternative names for Macedonia. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/un-issues-list-of-5-alternative-names-for-macedonia/1034991 (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Azizi, A. (2012). Analysis On European Future Of Macedonia: The Greek Obstacles On The Name Issue. International Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Studies, 4(1): 1-8.
  • Balkan Insight (11.11.2014). Nimetz’s Name Proposal for Macedonia Revealed. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/nimetz-s-name-proposal-for-macedonia-revealed (Erişim: 19.8.2018).
  • Baum, S. H. (2012). Hawking Our Wares in the Marketplace of Values–Sell Quality Not Cost When Promoting Mediation; the Interplay of Global Norms of Justice and Harmony in the Mediation Forum. Arthur W. Rovine (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation. Leiden: M. Nijhoff Pub.: 317-340, googlekitap.
  • BBC (12.6.2018). Macedonia and Greece: Deal after 27-year row over a name. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44401643 (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Bercovitch, J. (1994). The Structure and Diversity of Mediation in International Relations. Jacob Bercovitch & Jeffrey Z. Rubin (Ed.), Mediation in International Relations. London: Palgrave Macmillan: 1-29, googlekitap.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler (2018). Group of Friends of Mediation. http://peacemaker.un.org/friendsofmediation (Erişim: 25.7.2018).
  • Broz, S. (11.12.2017). The name 'Macedonia' cannot work. http://www.ekathimerini.com/224046/opinion/ekathimerini/comment/the-name-macedonia-cannot-work (Erişim: 17.8.2018).
  • Brunnstrom, D. & Pawak J. (2.4.2008). Greece stands by NATO veto threat for Macedonia. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-macedonia/greece-stands-by-nato-veto-threat-for-macedonia-idUSL0238277320080402 (Erişim: 17.8.2018).
  • Cekov, A. (Jan. 2011). The effect of Europeanization on bilateral conflicts in the enlargment process: -the bilateral conflict between Greece and Macedonia: 1-70. http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1758702&fileOId=1758705.
  • Damyanov, H. (June 2010). The conflict for the name 'Macedonia' between Greece and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in regards to the application of FYROM to become a Member State of the European Union. http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=131422 (Erişim: 17.8.2018).
  • Demir, A. (16.7.2010). Yunanistan’ın İsim İnadı. https://www.batitrakya.org/yazar/ayhan-demir/yunanistanin-isim-inadi.html (Erişim: 31.7.2018).
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı (2011). Bölgesel İşbirliği Konseyi (BİK). http://www.mfa.gov.tr/bolgesel-isbirligi-konseyi.tr.mfa (Erişim: 19.8.2018).
  • E Kathimerini (12.6.2018). UN's Nimetz: Name deal will bring 'mutual benefits,' create 'strategic partnership'. http://www.ekathimerini.com/229558/article/ekathimerini/news/uns-nimetz-name-deal-will-bring-mutual-benefits-create-strategic-partnership (16.8.2018).
  • Ellis, T. (25.2.2008). Matthew Nimetz: Special UN mediator seeks a just solution ‘I try to be objective and even-handed’ to both sides involved. http://www.ekathimerini.com/55610/article/ekathimerini/news/matthew-nimetz-special-un-mediator-seeks-a-just-solution-i-try-to-be-objective-and-even-handed-to-both-sides-involved (Erişim: 17.8.2018).
  • Erdemol, M. K. (28.3.2017). AKP, Bulgaristan seçimlerini kaybetti. https://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/akp-bulgaristan-secimlerini-kaybetti-152873.html (Erişim: 18.8.2018).
  • GADUM (2016). Joint History Project. http://cdrsee.org/projects/education-projects/joint-history-project (Erişim: 19.8.2018).
  • Gürler, A. Y. ve Bostancı F. A. (2017). Uluslararası Hukukta Arabuluculuk ve Türkiye. Övgü K. Küçüksolak (Ed.), Current Debates in International Relations & Law, Vol. 4. İstanbul: IJOPEC Pub.: 207-218, googlekitap.
  • Hasan, B. (Tem.-Ağu. 2018). Yunan Dış Politikasının Çıkmazları ve Post-modern Bir Meydan Okuma Olarak Makedonya İsim Sorununun Türkiye’ye Etkisi. Anka Strateji Dergisi, 8: 20-23.
  • K. Yaşın, G. (11.7.2018). Makedonya-Yunanistan Anlaşması: Antik Makedonlarla İlgisi Olmamak Kaydıyla “Kuzey Makedonya”. http://www.21yyte.org/tr/arastirma/balkanlar-ve-kibris-arastirmalari-merkezi/2018/07/11/8885/makedonya-yunanistan-anlasmasi-antik-makedonlarla-ilgisi-olmamak-kaydiyla-kuzey-makedonya (Erişim: 5.8.2018).
  • -------. (26.2.2018). Makedonya’nın “İsim Sorunu” ve Dış Politikada Kazanma Düsturu. https://www.batitrakya.org/yazar/gozde-kilic-yasin/makedonyanin-isim-sorunu-ve-dis-politikada-kazanma-dusturu.html (Erişim: 31.7.2018).
  • Kalaitzidis, A. (2010). Europe’s Greece: A Giant in the Making. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, googlebook.
  • Kofos, E. (2005). The Unresolved ‘Difference Over The Name’: A Greek Perspective. Evangelos Kofos and Vlasis Vlasidis (Edi.), Athens - Skopje: An Uneasy Symbiosis (1995-2002). Athens: Eliamep: 125-223, macedonian-heritage.
  • Lederer, E. M. (25.5.2018). UN Says Issues 'Narrowed' Over Greece-Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-05-25/un-says-issues-narrowed-over-greece-macedonia-name-dispute (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Malanczuk, P. (1997). Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law. 7th Rev. Edi., New York: Routledge.
  • Merrils, J. G. (2011). International Dispute Settlement. Fifth Edi., Cambridge: Cambridge UP, googlekitap.
  • NATO (12.7.2018). The Brussels Summit: where do we go from here?. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_157532.htm?selectedLocale=en (Erişim: 3.9.2018).
  • Nevradakis, M. (9.7.2018). Investigation: Matthew Nimetz: Impartial Macedonia mediator or deep state agent?. http://theduran.com/matthew-nimetz-impartial-macedonia-mediator-deep-state-agent/ (Erişim: 20.8.2018).
  • Özgen, C. (2013/2). Balkanlar’da Güvenliğe Yönelik Bir Tehdit: Yunanistan-Makedonya Anlaşmazlığı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(25): 327-345.
  • Özgür Avrupa Radyosu. (15.1.2018). UN Envoy: 'Positive Momentum' In Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-un-envoy-positive-momentum-greece-name-dispute/28977137.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • -------. (17.1.2018). UN Mediator ‘Very Hopeful’ About Solving Macedonia Name Dispute. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-greece-talks-un-name-dispute-nimetz-naumovski-vassilakis/28980222.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • -------. (30.1.2018). UN Mediator In Athens For Talks On Dispute With Macedonia. https://www.rferl.org/a/macedonia-greece-name-dispute-un-talks/29006138.html (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • Pazarcı, H. (2000). Uluslararası Hukuk Dersleri. IV. Kitap, Ankara: Turhan Kit.
  • Schurtman, W. (2007). Trends in International Arbitration and Mediation. Anita Alibekoa & Robert Carrow (Ed.), International Arbitration and Mediation. Yorkhill LP: 31-38, googlekitap.
  • Sencer, A. (16.6.2018). Makedonya İsim Krizi: 27 Yıllık İnattan Mutlu Sona. http://bmshaber.com/makedonya-isim-krizi-27-yillik-inattan-mutlu-sona/ (Erişim: 5.8.2018).
  • Shea, J. (2007). Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation. London: McFarland Pub. googlekitap.
  • Smith, H. (12.6.2018). Macedonia agrees to new name after 27-year dispute with Greece. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/12/macedonia-agrees-to-new-name-after-27-year-dispute-with-greece (Erişim: 7.8.2018).
  • Softalar, A. (28.2.2012). Makedonya – Yunanistan İsim Sorunu. http://akademikperspektif.com/2012/02/28/makedonya-yunanistan-isim-sorunu/, (Erişim: 29.8.2018).
  • Sur, M. (2013). Uluslararası Hukukun Esasları. Tıp. 6. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yay.
  • The National Herald. (14.12.2017). UN Envoy Nimetz Sees Greece-FYROM Name Deal in 2018. https://www.thenationalherald.com/184800/un-envoy-nimetz-sees-greece-fyrom-name-deal-2018/ (Erişim: 16.8.2018).
  • Türkiye Gazetesi. (18.4.2018). “Türkiye karşısında etkisiz kaldık”.
  • Uluslararası Adalet Divanı. (5.12.2011). The Court finds that Greece, by objecting to the admission of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to NATO, has breached its obligation under Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995. http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/142/16841.pdf (Erişim: 3.9.2018).
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Halis Ayhan 0000-0002-7188-585X

Publication Date January 24, 2019
Submission Date December 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ayhan, H. (2019). MAKEDONYA İLE YUNANİSTAN ARASINDAKİ İSİM SORUNUNUN ÇÖZÜMÜNDE ARABULUCULUĞUN ETKİSİ. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 215-244.

İletişim

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e-mail: sbd@kku.edu.tr

Posta Adresi: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Merkez Yerleşke, 71450, Yahşihan-KIRIKKALE

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