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Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 67 - 74, 14.03.2022

Müslüm Toptan Dursun Çadırcı Şenay Koçakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.974600

Abstract

Aim: Red eye, a frequent cause of presentations to ophthalmology clinics, is an important indicator of ocular inflammation. Although the prognosis is generally good and self-limiting, it is possible to distinguish possible serious conditions and prevent important situations such as blindness, with detailed examination and correct treatment approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with red eye presenting to the eye diseases clinic in terms of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.
Material-method: The records of patients presenting to the Şanlıurfa Harran University Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic with red eye were investigated retrospectively. Diseases causing red eye were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) coding system. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex and clinical findings were examined. Data were evaluated using number and percentage tests.
Results: A total of 2625 patients, 1775 males (67.61%) and 850 females (32.38%), who presented with red eyes, were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 36.46±18.24 years. The incidence of viral conjunctivitis, the most frequently observed condition in patients presenting due to red eye, was 15.08% (n=396). The most common cause of red eye resulting in decreased vision and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) was acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG). The most common symptom was stinging-burning (70.36%), and the most frequent finding was follicular hyperplasia (74.17%). Five hundred and seventy-one (21.75%) patients who applied to the clinic with red eye had previously applied to a family physician and 289 patients (11.0%) to an emergency physician.
Conclusion: Although prognosis is usually good in red eye, and the condition is self-limiting, the detection of serious conditions through a detailed history, examination, and therapeutic approach can be enhanced with early and appropriate intervention. In addition to family physicians and emergency physicians, the first to examine patients with red eye, important morbidities such as blindness can also be prevented by increasing the awareness of ophthalmologists and cooperation between these.

Keywords

Red eye glaucoma conjunctivitis uveitis

References

  • 1. Leibowitz HM. The red eye. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343(5):345-51.
  • 2. Roscoe MC, Landis TC. How to diagnose the acute red eye with confidence. Journal of the American Academy of PAs. 2006;19(3):24-30.
  • 3. Parsons G. The red eye. Papua and New Guinea medical journal. 1992;35(1):67-70.
  • 4. Gilani CJ, Yang A, Yonkers M, Boysen-Osborn M. Differentiating urgent and emergent causes of acute red eye for the emergency physician. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2017;18(3):509.
  • 5. Smith AF, Waycaster C. Estimate of the direct and indirect annual cost of bacterial conjunctivitis in the United States. BMC ophthalmology. 2009;9(1):13.
  • 6. Shaker M, Salcone E. An update on ocular allergy. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016;16(5):505-10.
  • 7. Tena D, Rodríguez N, Toribio L, González-Praetorius A. Infectious keratitis: microbiological review of 297 cases. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019;72(2):121-3.
  • 8. Ung L, Bispo PJ, Shanbhag SS, Gilmore MS, Chodosh J. The persistent dilemma of microbial keratitis: Global burden, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Survey of ophthalmology. 2019;64(3):255-71.
  • 9. Kaur S, Larsen H, Nattis A. Primary Care Approach to Eye Conditions. Osteopathic Family Physician. 2019;11(2).
  • 10. Diaz JD, Sobol EK, Gritz DC. Treatment and management of scleral disorders. Survey of ophthalmology. 2016;61(6):702-17.
  • 11. Schaller U, Klauss V. From conjunctivitis to glaucoma. When is a red eye an alarm signal? MMW Fortschritte der Medizin. 2002;144(11):30-3.
  • 12. Kiziloglu M, Kiziloglu TG, Akkaya ZY, Burcu A, Ornek FJTJoO. Prognostic factors in blunt eye trauma/Kunt goz travmalarinda prognostik faktorler. 2013;43(1):32-9.
  • 13. Sánchez TH, Galindo FA, Iglesias CD, Galindo AJ, Fernández MM. Epidemiologic study of ocular emergencies in a general hospital. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia. 2004;79(9):425.
  • 14. Galindo-Ferreiro A, Sanchez-Tocino H, Varela-Conde Y, Diez-Montero C, Belani-Raju M, García-Sanz R, et al. Ocular emergencies presenting to an emergency department in Central Spain from 2013 to 2018. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019:1120672119896420.
  • 15. Sridhar J, Isom RF, Schiffman JC, Ajuria L, Huang LC, Gologorsky D, et al., editors. Utilization of ophthalmology-specific emergency department services. Semin Ophthalmol; 2018: Taylor & Francis.
  • 16. Fitch CP, Rapoza PA, Owens S, Murillo-Lopez F, Johnson RA, Quinn TC, et al. Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis at an inner-city hospital. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(8):1215-20.
  • 17. Yis NŞ, Çelik K, Kükner AŞ, Sarman ZŞ, Selim S. Acil Serviste Kırmızı Göz. Eur J Health Sci. 2016;2(2):40-4.
  • 18. Marinos E, Cabrera-Aguas M, Watson SL. Viral conjunctivitis: a retrospective study in an Australian hospital. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2019;42(6):679-84.
  • 19. Ahmad F, Amin MS. The predisposing factors for mocrobial keratitis in patients with red eye reporting to the military hospital rawalpindi. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2019;69(5):1134-38.
  • 20. Upadhyay M, Karmacharya P, Koirala S, Shah D, Shakya S, Shrestha J, et al. The Bhaktapur eye study: ocular trauma and antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of corneal ulceration in Nepal. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2001;85(4):388-92.
  • 21. Jeng BH, Gritz DC, Kumar AB, Holsclaw DS, Porco TC, Smith SD, et al. Epidemiology of ulcerative keratitis in Northern California. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2010;128(8):1022-8.
  • 22. Farahani M, Patel R, Dwarakanathan S. Infectious corneal ulcers. Disease-a-month: DM. 2017;63(2):33-7.
  • 23. Puodžiuvienė E, Jokūbauskienė G, Vieversytė M, Asselineau K. A five-year retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of pediatric ocular trauma. BMC ophthalmology. 2018;18(1):10.
  • 24. Furlanetto RL, Andreo EG, Finotti LG, Arcieri ES, Ferreira MA, Rocha FJ. Epidemiology and etiologic diagnosis of infectious keratitis in Uberlandia, Brazil. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2010;20(3):498-503.
  • 25. Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Cevher S, Ergin A. Analysis of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(1):132.
  • 26. Mimura T, Usui T, Yamagami S, Funatsu H, Noma H, Honda N, et al. Recent causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 2010;224(3):133-7.
  • 27. Kaimbo W, Kaimbo D. Epidemiology of traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhages in Congo. Bull Soc belge Ophthalmol. 2009;311:31-6.
  • 28. Hu D-N, Mou C-H, Chao S-C, Lin C-Y, Nien C-W, Kuan P-T, et al. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in a nationwide study in taiwan from 2000 to 2011. PloS one. 2015;10(7):e0132762.
  • 29. de la Maza MS, Jabbur NS, Foster CS. Severity of scleritis and episcleritis. Ophthalmology. 1994;101(2):389-96.
  • 30. Thong LP, Rogers SL, Hart CT, Hall AJ, Lim LL. Epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in urban Australia. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. 2020.
  • 31. Miserocchi E, Fogliato G, Modorati G, Bandello F. Review on the worldwide epidemiology of uveitis. European journal of ophthalmology. 2013;23(5):705-17.
  • 32. Gritz DC, Wong IG. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California: the Northern California epidemiology of uveitis study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(3):491-500.
  • 33. Bodaghi B, Cassoux N, Wechsler B, Hannouche D, Fardeau C, Papo T, et al. Chronic severe uveitis: etiology and visual outcome in 927 patients from a single center. Medicine. 2001;80(4):263-70.
  • 34. Hart CT, Zhu EY, Crock C, Rogers SL, Lim LL. Epidemiology of uveitis in urban Australia. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology. 2019;47(6):733-40.
  • 35. Abaño JM, Galvante PR, Siopongco P, Dans K, Lopez J. Review of epidemiology of uveitis in Asia: pattern of uveitis in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2017;25(sup1):S75-S80.
  • 36. Park SJ, Park KH, Kim T-W, Park B-J. Nationwide Incidence of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma in Korea from 2011 to 2015. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2019;34(48).
  • 37. Seah SK, Foster PJ, Chew PT, Jap A, Oen F, Fam HB, et al. Incidence of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma in Singapore: an island-wide survey. Archives of ophthalmology. 1997;115(11):1436-40.
  • 38. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Seah SK, Chew PT. Rates of hospital admissions for primary angle closure glaucoma among Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. British journal of ophthalmology. 2000;84(9):990-2.
  • 39. Frings A, Geerling G, Schargus M. Red eye: A guide for non-specialists. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2017;114(17):302.
  • 40. Tan LL, Morgan P, Cai ZQ, Straughan RA. Prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic dry eye disease in S ingapore. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2015;98(1):45-53.
  • 41. Narayana S, McGee S. Bedside diagnosis of the ‘red eye’: a systematic review. The American Journal of Medicine. 2015;128(11):1220-4.

Kırmızı Gözle Başvuran Hastalarda Klinik Özellikler

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 67 - 74, 14.03.2022

Müslüm Toptan Dursun Çadırcı Şenay Koçakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.974600

Abstract

Amaç: Göz hastalıkları polikliniklerine sık başvuru sebeplerinden biri olan kırmızı göz, oküler inflamasyonun en önemli belirtilerindendir. Çoğunlukla prognozu iyi ve kendi kendini sınırlayıcı olmakla beraber olası ciddi durumların ayırt edilmesi ve körlük gibi önemli durumların önüne geçilmesi, detaylı muayene ve doğru tedavi yaklaşımı ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmada kırmızı göz şikâyeti ile göz hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran hastaların klinik ve sosyodemografik yönden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kırmızı göze sebep olan hastalıkların tanıları, International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10) kod sistemine göre sınıflandırıldı. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özellikleri ve klinik bulguları incelendi. Veriler sayı ve yüzdelik testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda kırmızı göz nedeni ile başvuran 2625 hastanın 1775‘i (%67,61) erkek, 850’si (%32,38) kadın’dır. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 36,46±18,24 idi. Yapılan değerlendirmede kırmızı göz nedeniyle başvuranlarda en sık görüldüğü belirlenen viral konjonktivitli hastaların oranı %15,08 (n=396) idi. En sık görme azlığı ve göz içi basınç (GİB) artışı yapan kırmızı göz nedeninin akut açı kapanması glokomu (AAKG) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En sık semptomun (%70,36) batma-yanma, en sık bulgunun (%74,17) foliküler hiperplazi olduğu görülmüştür. Kırmızı göz nedeni ile polikliniğe başvuran hastalardan 571 (%21,75)‘i önceden aile hekimine, 289 (%11,0)’u acil hekimine başvurmuştu.
Sonuç: Kırmızı göz varlığında, prognoz çoğunlukla iyi olup, klinik tablo kendi kendini sınırlayabilse de detaylı anamnez, muayene ve tedavi yaklaşımı ile ciddi durumlar fark edilerek erken ve doğru müdahale ile tedavi başarısı arttırılabilir. Kırmızı gözü olan hastaları ilk karşılayan aile hekimleri ve acil hekimlerinin yanı sıra oftalmologların farkındalıklarının ve iş birliğinin arttırılması ile körlük gibi önemli morbiditelerin önüne geçilebilecektir.

Keywords

Kırmızı göz Glokom Konjonktivit Üveit

References

  • 1. Leibowitz HM. The red eye. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343(5):345-51.
  • 2. Roscoe MC, Landis TC. How to diagnose the acute red eye with confidence. Journal of the American Academy of PAs. 2006;19(3):24-30.
  • 3. Parsons G. The red eye. Papua and New Guinea medical journal. 1992;35(1):67-70.
  • 4. Gilani CJ, Yang A, Yonkers M, Boysen-Osborn M. Differentiating urgent and emergent causes of acute red eye for the emergency physician. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2017;18(3):509.
  • 5. Smith AF, Waycaster C. Estimate of the direct and indirect annual cost of bacterial conjunctivitis in the United States. BMC ophthalmology. 2009;9(1):13.
  • 6. Shaker M, Salcone E. An update on ocular allergy. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016;16(5):505-10.
  • 7. Tena D, Rodríguez N, Toribio L, González-Praetorius A. Infectious keratitis: microbiological review of 297 cases. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019;72(2):121-3.
  • 8. Ung L, Bispo PJ, Shanbhag SS, Gilmore MS, Chodosh J. The persistent dilemma of microbial keratitis: Global burden, diagnosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Survey of ophthalmology. 2019;64(3):255-71.
  • 9. Kaur S, Larsen H, Nattis A. Primary Care Approach to Eye Conditions. Osteopathic Family Physician. 2019;11(2).
  • 10. Diaz JD, Sobol EK, Gritz DC. Treatment and management of scleral disorders. Survey of ophthalmology. 2016;61(6):702-17.
  • 11. Schaller U, Klauss V. From conjunctivitis to glaucoma. When is a red eye an alarm signal? MMW Fortschritte der Medizin. 2002;144(11):30-3.
  • 12. Kiziloglu M, Kiziloglu TG, Akkaya ZY, Burcu A, Ornek FJTJoO. Prognostic factors in blunt eye trauma/Kunt goz travmalarinda prognostik faktorler. 2013;43(1):32-9.
  • 13. Sánchez TH, Galindo FA, Iglesias CD, Galindo AJ, Fernández MM. Epidemiologic study of ocular emergencies in a general hospital. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia. 2004;79(9):425.
  • 14. Galindo-Ferreiro A, Sanchez-Tocino H, Varela-Conde Y, Diez-Montero C, Belani-Raju M, García-Sanz R, et al. Ocular emergencies presenting to an emergency department in Central Spain from 2013 to 2018. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019:1120672119896420.
  • 15. Sridhar J, Isom RF, Schiffman JC, Ajuria L, Huang LC, Gologorsky D, et al., editors. Utilization of ophthalmology-specific emergency department services. Semin Ophthalmol; 2018: Taylor & Francis.
  • 16. Fitch CP, Rapoza PA, Owens S, Murillo-Lopez F, Johnson RA, Quinn TC, et al. Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis at an inner-city hospital. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(8):1215-20.
  • 17. Yis NŞ, Çelik K, Kükner AŞ, Sarman ZŞ, Selim S. Acil Serviste Kırmızı Göz. Eur J Health Sci. 2016;2(2):40-4.
  • 18. Marinos E, Cabrera-Aguas M, Watson SL. Viral conjunctivitis: a retrospective study in an Australian hospital. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2019;42(6):679-84.
  • 19. Ahmad F, Amin MS. The predisposing factors for mocrobial keratitis in patients with red eye reporting to the military hospital rawalpindi. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2019;69(5):1134-38.
  • 20. Upadhyay M, Karmacharya P, Koirala S, Shah D, Shakya S, Shrestha J, et al. The Bhaktapur eye study: ocular trauma and antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of corneal ulceration in Nepal. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2001;85(4):388-92.
  • 21. Jeng BH, Gritz DC, Kumar AB, Holsclaw DS, Porco TC, Smith SD, et al. Epidemiology of ulcerative keratitis in Northern California. Archives of Ophthalmology. 2010;128(8):1022-8.
  • 22. Farahani M, Patel R, Dwarakanathan S. Infectious corneal ulcers. Disease-a-month: DM. 2017;63(2):33-7.
  • 23. Puodžiuvienė E, Jokūbauskienė G, Vieversytė M, Asselineau K. A five-year retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of pediatric ocular trauma. BMC ophthalmology. 2018;18(1):10.
  • 24. Furlanetto RL, Andreo EG, Finotti LG, Arcieri ES, Ferreira MA, Rocha FJ. Epidemiology and etiologic diagnosis of infectious keratitis in Uberlandia, Brazil. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2010;20(3):498-503.
  • 25. Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Cevher S, Ergin A. Analysis of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(1):132.
  • 26. Mimura T, Usui T, Yamagami S, Funatsu H, Noma H, Honda N, et al. Recent causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 2010;224(3):133-7.
  • 27. Kaimbo W, Kaimbo D. Epidemiology of traumatic and spontaneous subconjunctival haemorrhages in Congo. Bull Soc belge Ophthalmol. 2009;311:31-6.
  • 28. Hu D-N, Mou C-H, Chao S-C, Lin C-Y, Nien C-W, Kuan P-T, et al. Incidence of non-traumatic subconjunctival hemorrhage in a nationwide study in taiwan from 2000 to 2011. PloS one. 2015;10(7):e0132762.
  • 29. de la Maza MS, Jabbur NS, Foster CS. Severity of scleritis and episcleritis. Ophthalmology. 1994;101(2):389-96.
  • 30. Thong LP, Rogers SL, Hart CT, Hall AJ, Lim LL. Epidemiology of episcleritis and scleritis in urban Australia. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. 2020.
  • 31. Miserocchi E, Fogliato G, Modorati G, Bandello F. Review on the worldwide epidemiology of uveitis. European journal of ophthalmology. 2013;23(5):705-17.
  • 32. Gritz DC, Wong IG. Incidence and prevalence of uveitis in Northern California: the Northern California epidemiology of uveitis study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(3):491-500.
  • 33. Bodaghi B, Cassoux N, Wechsler B, Hannouche D, Fardeau C, Papo T, et al. Chronic severe uveitis: etiology and visual outcome in 927 patients from a single center. Medicine. 2001;80(4):263-70.
  • 34. Hart CT, Zhu EY, Crock C, Rogers SL, Lim LL. Epidemiology of uveitis in urban Australia. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology. 2019;47(6):733-40.
  • 35. Abaño JM, Galvante PR, Siopongco P, Dans K, Lopez J. Review of epidemiology of uveitis in Asia: pattern of uveitis in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Ocular immunology and inflammation. 2017;25(sup1):S75-S80.
  • 36. Park SJ, Park KH, Kim T-W, Park B-J. Nationwide Incidence of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma in Korea from 2011 to 2015. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2019;34(48).
  • 37. Seah SK, Foster PJ, Chew PT, Jap A, Oen F, Fam HB, et al. Incidence of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma in Singapore: an island-wide survey. Archives of ophthalmology. 1997;115(11):1436-40.
  • 38. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Seah SK, Chew PT. Rates of hospital admissions for primary angle closure glaucoma among Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. British journal of ophthalmology. 2000;84(9):990-2.
  • 39. Frings A, Geerling G, Schargus M. Red eye: A guide for non-specialists. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 2017;114(17):302.
  • 40. Tan LL, Morgan P, Cai ZQ, Straughan RA. Prevalence of and risk factors for symptomatic dry eye disease in S ingapore. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2015;98(1):45-53.
  • 41. Narayana S, McGee S. Bedside diagnosis of the ‘red eye’: a systematic review. The American Journal of Medicine. 2015;128(11):1220-4.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Müslüm Toptan 0000-0002-9795-8228

Dursun Çadırcı 0000-0003-0969-382X

Şenay Koçakoğlu 0000-0002-4155-3109

Publication Date March 14, 2022
Acceptance Date November 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toptan, M., Çadırcı, D., & Koçakoğlu, Ş. (2022). Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye. Konuralp Medical Journal, 14(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.974600
AMA Toptan M, Çadırcı D, Koçakoğlu Ş. Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye. Konuralp Medical Journal. March 2022;14(1):67-74. doi:10.18521/ktd.974600
Chicago Toptan, Müslüm, Dursun Çadırcı, and Şenay Koçakoğlu. “Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting With Red Eye”. Konuralp Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (March 2022): 67-74. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.974600.
EndNote Toptan M, Çadırcı D, Koçakoğlu Ş (March 1, 2022) Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye. Konuralp Medical Journal 14 1 67–74.
IEEE M. Toptan, D. Çadırcı, and Ş. Koçakoğlu, “Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 67–74, 2022, doi: 10.18521/ktd.974600.
ISNAD Toptan, Müslüm et al. “Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting With Red Eye”. Konuralp Medical Journal 14/1 (March 2022), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.974600.
JAMA Toptan M, Çadırcı D, Koçakoğlu Ş. Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2022;14:67–74.
MLA Toptan, Müslüm et al. “Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting With Red Eye”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, 2022, pp. 67-74, doi:10.18521/ktd.974600.
Vancouver Toptan M, Çadırcı D, Koçakoğlu Ş. Clinical Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Red Eye. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2022;14(1):67-74.
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