Abstract
References
- Martin KA, Molsberry R, Cuttica MJ, et al. Time Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9: e016784.
- Vazquez-Garza E, Jerjes-Sanchez C, Navarrete A, Joya-Harrison J, Rodriguez D. Venous thromboembolism: thrombosis, inflammation, and immunothrombosis for clinicians. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 44: 377-85.
- Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 142.
- Wang Q, Ma J, Jiang Z, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Angiol 2018; 37: 4-11.
- Karataş MB, İpek G, Onuk T, et al. Assessment of prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with pulmonary embolism. Acta Cardiol Sin 2016; 32: 313-20.
- Phan T, Brailovsky Y, Fareed J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict all-cause mortality in acute pulmonary embolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26: 1076029619900549.
- Araz O, Yilmazel Ucar E, Yalcin A, et al. Predictive value of serum Hs-CRP levels for outcomes of pulmonary embolism. Clin Respir J 2016; 10: 163-7.
- Donzé J, Le Gal G, Fine MJ, et al. Prospective validation of the pulmonary embolism severity index. A clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2008; 100: 943-8.
- Aujesky D, Obrosky DS, Stone RA, et al. Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1041-6.
- Vedovati MC, Cimini LA, Pierpaoli L, et al. Prognostic value of respiratory index in haemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: The Respiratory Index model study. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020; 9: 286-92.
- Burgos LM, Scatularo CE, Cigalini IM, et al. The addition of echocardiographic parameters to PESI risk score improves mortality prediction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: PESI-Echo score. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020: zuaa007.
- Lyhne MD, Kabrhel C, Giordano N, et al. The echocardiographic ratio tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary arterial systolic pressure predicts short-term adverse outcomes in acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22: 285-94.
- Kucher N, Rossi E, De Rosa M, et al. Prognostic role of echocardiography among patients with acute pulmonary embolism and a systolic arterial pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1777-81.
- Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20: 6212-22.
- Huang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, et al. Systemic immune-inflammatory index predicts clinical outcomes for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving percutaneous coronary intervention. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 9690-701.
- Yang YL, Wu CH, Hsu PF, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) predicted clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50: e13230.
- Candemir M, Kiziltunç E, Nurkoç S, et al. Relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the severity of stable coronary artery disease. Angiology 2021: 3319720987743.
- Gok M, Kurtul A. A novel marker for predicting severity of acute pulmonary embolism: systemic immune-inflammation index. Scand Cardiovasc J 2021; 55: 91-6.
- Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31-41.
- Galeano-Valle F, Ordieres-Ortega L, Oblitas CM, et al. Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 2627.
- Jo JY, Lee MY, Lee JW, Rho BH, Choi WI. Leukocytes and systemic inflammatory response syndrome as prognostic factors in pulmonary embolism patients. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13: 74.
- Li C, Tian W, Zhao F, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9: 35293-9.
- Duman D, Sonkaya E, Yıldırım E, et al. Association of Inflammatory Markers with Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Non-massive Pulmonary Embolism. Turk Thorac J 2021; 22: 24-30.
- Davì G, Patrono C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2482-94.
- Spirk D, Husmann M, Hayoz D, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute venous thrombo-embolism: the SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 921-6.
- Stein PD, Beemath A, Matta F, et al. Enlarged right ventricle without shock in acute pulmonary embolism: prognosis. Am J Med 2008; 121: 34-42.
- Coutance G, Cauderlier E, Ehtisham J, et al. The prognostic value of markers of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011; 15: R103.
- Quiroz R, Kucher N, Schoepf UJ, et al. Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2004; 109: 2401-4.
- Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, et al. Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with systolic dysfunction and sinus rhythm: evidence for gender differences in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 1074-80.
- Slobodan O, Boris D, Bojana S, et al. Predictive value of heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction for outcome in pulmonary embolism. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7: 4061–70
The predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index on long-term outcomes among acute pulmonary embolism patients
Abstract
Aim: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel marker that predicts adverse clinical outcomes among patients with malignancy and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we hypothesized that SII could provide more additional information in the prediction of long-term mortality among patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE).
Methods: Consecutive patients (n=514) who were followed up and treated with a diagnosis of APE were included in the study. The study group was divided into those survivors and non-survivors. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics were compared between groups.
Results: A total of 28 (5.4%) patients died in the 30 days. Besides, during a follow-up period of 29 [12-53] months, 52 patients (10.1%) died. In the Cox-regression analysis, age [odds ratio (OR): 1.052, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034–1.071; p < 0.01], right ventricle end-diastolic diameter basal (OR: 3.227, 95% CI: 1.902–5.474; p < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.948–0.988) and SII index (OR: 2.129, 95% CI: 1.290–3.515) were the independent predictors of overall mortality among the study population. In the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve values of the SII index for overall mortality was 0.703 (95% CI: 0.629–0.777). SII with an optimal cutoff value of 1111 × 109 predicted the overall mortality with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 51%.
Conclusion: The SII index, an inexpensive and easily calculable parameter, was a strong predictor of overall mortality in patients with APE.
References
- Martin KA, Molsberry R, Cuttica MJ, et al. Time Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9: e016784.
- Vazquez-Garza E, Jerjes-Sanchez C, Navarrete A, Joya-Harrison J, Rodriguez D. Venous thromboembolism: thrombosis, inflammation, and immunothrombosis for clinicians. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 44: 377-85.
- Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 142.
- Wang Q, Ma J, Jiang Z, et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Angiol 2018; 37: 4-11.
- Karataş MB, İpek G, Onuk T, et al. Assessment of prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with pulmonary embolism. Acta Cardiol Sin 2016; 32: 313-20.
- Phan T, Brailovsky Y, Fareed J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict all-cause mortality in acute pulmonary embolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26: 1076029619900549.
- Araz O, Yilmazel Ucar E, Yalcin A, et al. Predictive value of serum Hs-CRP levels for outcomes of pulmonary embolism. Clin Respir J 2016; 10: 163-7.
- Donzé J, Le Gal G, Fine MJ, et al. Prospective validation of the pulmonary embolism severity index. A clinical prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. Thromb Haemost 2008; 100: 943-8.
- Aujesky D, Obrosky DS, Stone RA, et al. Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 1041-6.
- Vedovati MC, Cimini LA, Pierpaoli L, et al. Prognostic value of respiratory index in haemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: The Respiratory Index model study. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020; 9: 286-92.
- Burgos LM, Scatularo CE, Cigalini IM, et al. The addition of echocardiographic parameters to PESI risk score improves mortality prediction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: PESI-Echo score. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020: zuaa007.
- Lyhne MD, Kabrhel C, Giordano N, et al. The echocardiographic ratio tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary arterial systolic pressure predicts short-term adverse outcomes in acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22: 285-94.
- Kucher N, Rossi E, De Rosa M, et al. Prognostic role of echocardiography among patients with acute pulmonary embolism and a systolic arterial pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1777-81.
- Hu B, Yang XR, Xu Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20: 6212-22.
- Huang J, Zhang Q, Wang R, et al. Systemic immune-inflammatory index predicts clinical outcomes for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving percutaneous coronary intervention. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25: 9690-701.
- Yang YL, Wu CH, Hsu PF, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) predicted clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50: e13230.
- Candemir M, Kiziltunç E, Nurkoç S, et al. Relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the severity of stable coronary artery disease. Angiology 2021: 3319720987743.
- Gok M, Kurtul A. A novel marker for predicting severity of acute pulmonary embolism: systemic immune-inflammation index. Scand Cardiovasc J 2021; 55: 91-6.
- Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31-41.
- Galeano-Valle F, Ordieres-Ortega L, Oblitas CM, et al. Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22: 2627.
- Jo JY, Lee MY, Lee JW, Rho BH, Choi WI. Leukocytes and systemic inflammatory response syndrome as prognostic factors in pulmonary embolism patients. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13: 74.
- Li C, Tian W, Zhao F, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9: 35293-9.
- Duman D, Sonkaya E, Yıldırım E, et al. Association of Inflammatory Markers with Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Non-massive Pulmonary Embolism. Turk Thorac J 2021; 22: 24-30.
- Davì G, Patrono C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2482-94.
- Spirk D, Husmann M, Hayoz D, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute venous thrombo-embolism: the SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 921-6.
- Stein PD, Beemath A, Matta F, et al. Enlarged right ventricle without shock in acute pulmonary embolism: prognosis. Am J Med 2008; 121: 34-42.
- Coutance G, Cauderlier E, Ehtisham J, et al. The prognostic value of markers of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011; 15: R103.
- Quiroz R, Kucher N, Schoepf UJ, et al. Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2004; 109: 2401-4.
- Dries DL, Rosenberg YD, Waclawiw MA, et al. Ejection fraction and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with systolic dysfunction and sinus rhythm: evidence for gender differences in the studies of left ventricular dysfunction trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 1074-80.
- Slobodan O, Boris D, Bojana S, et al. Predictive value of heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction for outcome in pulmonary embolism. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7: 4061–70
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 5, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 5 |
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