THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Veysel Tatar; Meriç Burçin Özer

Research Article

THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 5 - 24, 30.04.2018

Abstract

In
the last decade, international climate policy has developed strongly and is
nowadays one of the most important elements of national and international
environmental policies. Maritime shipping is integral to the global economy.
Over 80 per cent of traded goods travel by ship. Transport accounts for 24% of
global CO2 emissions and is one of the few industrial sectors where emissions
are still growing. The present article looks at the relevant trends in
international maritime transport and discusses both the greenhouse gas
emissions from shipping and the possible repercussions of climate change on
shipping.

Keywords

Climate Change, CO2 Emissions, Environment, Maritime Transport

References

[1] Mattioli, G., 2016. Transport needs in a climate-constrained world. A novel framework to reconcile social and environmental sustainability in transport. Energy Research & Social Science, 118-128.[2] Espinet, X., Schweikert, A., van den. Heever, N., Chinowsky, P., 2016. Planning resilient roads for the future environment and climate change: Quantifying the vulnerability of the primary transport infrastructure system in Mexico. Transport Policy, vol. 50, issue C, 78-86.[3] Perez, L., Trüeb, S., Cowie, H., Keuken, M. P., Mudu, P., Ragettli, M. S., Künzli, N., 2015. Transport-related measures to mitigate climate change in Basel, Switzerland: A health-effectiveness comparison study. Environment International, 85, 111-119. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.002[4] Lindstad, H., Bright, R. M., & Strømman, A. H., 2016. Economic savings linked to future Arctic shipping trade are at odds with climate change mitigation. Transport Policy, 45, 24-30. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.09.002[5] Yuan, J., Ng, S. H., & Sou, W. S., 2016. Uncertainty quantification of CO2 emission reduction for maritime shipping. Energy Policy, 88, 113-130. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.10.020[6] Smith, T. W. P.; Jalkanen, J. P.; Anderson, B. A.; Corbett, J. J.; Faber, J.; Hanayama, S.; O’Keeffe, E.; Parker, S.; Johansson, L.; Aldous, L.; Raucci, C.; Traut, M.; Ettinger, S.; Nelissen, D.; Lee, D. S.; Ng, S.; Agrawal, A.; Winebrake, J. J.; Hoen, M.; Chesworth, S.; Pandey, A. Third IMO GHG Study 2014; International Maritime Organization (IMO) London, UK.[7] Eide et al., 2013. M.S. Eide, S.B. Dalsøren, Endresen, B. Samset, G. Myhre, J. Fuglestvedt, T. Berntsen Reducing CO2 from shipping – do non-CO2 effects matter Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13 (2013), pp. 4183–4201 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4183-2013 2013[8] Glotfelty, T., Zhang, Y., Karamchandani, P., & Streets, D. G., 2016. Changes in future air quality, deposition, and aerosol-cloud interactions under future climate and emission scenarios. Atmospheric Environment, 139, 176-191. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.008[9] International Energy Agency (IEA), 2010. CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion - Highlights.[10] Cefic-ECTA., 2011. Guidelines for measuring and managing CO2 emissions from transport operations. Brussels.[11] Åkerman, J., & Höjer, M., 2006. How much transport can the climate stand - Sweden on a sustainable path in 2050. Energy Policy , 34, 1944-1957[12] International Transport Forum, 2009. Reducing Transport GHG Emissions - Opportunities and Costs. OECD/ITF.[13] International Transport Forum, 2010. Reducing Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Trends & data. OECD/ITF.[14] European Commission (EC), 2011. White Paper - Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area, Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. Brussels: European Commission.[15] Asian Development Bank, 2009. Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Forecasts, Options Analysis, and Evaluation. Manila: Asian Development Bank.[16] OECD/IEA, 2017 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Overview (2017 edition)https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CO2EmissionsfromFuelCombustionHighlights2017.pdf[17] International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2015. IMO, Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014 Executive Summary, http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary.pdf[18] European Commission (EC), 2013. Time for international action on CO2 emissions from shipping. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/shipping/docs/marine_transport_en.pdf[19] de Coninck, H., Fischer, C., Newell, R. G., & Ueno, T., 2008. International technology-oriented agreements to address climate change. Energy Policy, 36(1), 335-356. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.09.030[20] Fitzgerald, W. B., Howitt, O. J. A., & Smith, I. J., 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1521-1531. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.026[21] International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2002. Prevention of air pollution from ships- Report of the Correspondence Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships. MPEC 48/4/1.[22] Olmer, N.,Comer, B., Roy, B.,Mao, X.,Rutherford, D., 2017. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Global Shipping, 2013-2015. International Council on Clean Transportation.[23] International Energy Agency (IEA), 2017. World Energy Statistics 2017 [and previous years]. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/bookshop/752-World_Energy_ Statistics_2017[24] Smith, T. W. P., Jalkanen, J. P., Anderson, B. A., Corbett, J. J., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., …& Pandey, A., 2015. Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/ Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20 Summary%20and%20Report.pdf[25] Bailey, D., & Solomon, G., 2004. Pollution prevention at ports: clearing the air. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24(7–8), 749-774. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2004.06.005[26] Corbett et al., 2001. Corbett J, Fishbeck P, Sources and Transport of Air Pollution from Ships: Current Understanding, Implications, and Trends, 2001 Conference on Marine Vessels and Air Quality, EPA Region 9, Feb. 2001, San Francisco, California; http://www.epa.gov/region09/air/marinevessel/.[27] World Ports Climate Initiative (WPCI), 2010. Results From Questionnaire on Onshare Power Supply http://wpci.iaphworldports.org/data/docs/onshore-power-supply/library/1266503470_microsoftword-reportonshorepowersupplyquestionnairefebruary2010.pd[28] Hao, Y., Chen, H., Wei, Y.-M., & Li, Y.-M., 2016. The influence of climate change on CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions: an empirical estimation based on Chinese provincial panel data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131, 667-677. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.117[29] Vellinga, T., 2013. Green ports, Marin Smart Port Seminar[30] Luan, C.-J., Tien, C., & Chen, W.-L., 2016. Which “green” is better? An empirical study of the impact of green activities on firm performance. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(2), 102-110. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2015.12.001

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 5 - 24, 30.04.2018

Veysel Tatar Meriç Burçin Özer

Abstract

References

[1] Mattioli, G., 2016. Transport needs in a climate-constrained world. A novel framework to reconcile social and environmental sustainability in transport. Energy Research & Social Science, 118-128.[2] Espinet, X., Schweikert, A., van den. Heever, N., Chinowsky, P., 2016. Planning resilient roads for the future environment and climate change: Quantifying the vulnerability of the primary transport infrastructure system in Mexico. Transport Policy, vol. 50, issue C, 78-86.[3] Perez, L., Trüeb, S., Cowie, H., Keuken, M. P., Mudu, P., Ragettli, M. S., Künzli, N., 2015. Transport-related measures to mitigate climate change in Basel, Switzerland: A health-effectiveness comparison study. Environment International, 85, 111-119. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.002[4] Lindstad, H., Bright, R. M., & Strømman, A. H., 2016. Economic savings linked to future Arctic shipping trade are at odds with climate change mitigation. Transport Policy, 45, 24-30. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.09.002[5] Yuan, J., Ng, S. H., & Sou, W. S., 2016. Uncertainty quantification of CO2 emission reduction for maritime shipping. Energy Policy, 88, 113-130. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.10.020[6] Smith, T. W. P.; Jalkanen, J. P.; Anderson, B. A.; Corbett, J. J.; Faber, J.; Hanayama, S.; O’Keeffe, E.; Parker, S.; Johansson, L.; Aldous, L.; Raucci, C.; Traut, M.; Ettinger, S.; Nelissen, D.; Lee, D. S.; Ng, S.; Agrawal, A.; Winebrake, J. J.; Hoen, M.; Chesworth, S.; Pandey, A. Third IMO GHG Study 2014; International Maritime Organization (IMO) London, UK.[7] Eide et al., 2013. M.S. Eide, S.B. Dalsøren, Endresen, B. Samset, G. Myhre, J. Fuglestvedt, T. Berntsen Reducing CO2 from shipping – do non-CO2 effects matter Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13 (2013), pp. 4183–4201 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4183-2013 2013[8] Glotfelty, T., Zhang, Y., Karamchandani, P., & Streets, D. G., 2016. Changes in future air quality, deposition, and aerosol-cloud interactions under future climate and emission scenarios. Atmospheric Environment, 139, 176-191. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.008[9] International Energy Agency (IEA), 2010. CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion - Highlights.[10] Cefic-ECTA., 2011. Guidelines for measuring and managing CO2 emissions from transport operations. Brussels.[11] Åkerman, J., & Höjer, M., 2006. How much transport can the climate stand - Sweden on a sustainable path in 2050. Energy Policy , 34, 1944-1957[12] International Transport Forum, 2009. Reducing Transport GHG Emissions - Opportunities and Costs. OECD/ITF.[13] International Transport Forum, 2010. Reducing Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Trends & data. OECD/ITF.[14] European Commission (EC), 2011. White Paper - Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area, Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. Brussels: European Commission.[15] Asian Development Bank, 2009. Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Forecasts, Options Analysis, and Evaluation. Manila: Asian Development Bank.[16] OECD/IEA, 2017 CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Overview (2017 edition)https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CO2EmissionsfromFuelCombustionHighlights2017.pdf[17] International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2015. IMO, Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014 Executive Summary, http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary.pdf[18] European Commission (EC), 2013. Time for international action on CO2 emissions from shipping. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/shipping/docs/marine_transport_en.pdf[19] de Coninck, H., Fischer, C., Newell, R. G., & Ueno, T., 2008. International technology-oriented agreements to address climate change. Energy Policy, 36(1), 335-356. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.09.030[20] Fitzgerald, W. B., Howitt, O. J. A., & Smith, I. J., 2011. Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1521-1531. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.026[21] International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2002. Prevention of air pollution from ships- Report of the Correspondence Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships. MPEC 48/4/1.[22] Olmer, N.,Comer, B., Roy, B.,Mao, X.,Rutherford, D., 2017. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Global Shipping, 2013-2015. International Council on Clean Transportation.[23] International Energy Agency (IEA), 2017. World Energy Statistics 2017 [and previous years]. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/bookshop/752-World_Energy_ Statistics_2017[24] Smith, T. W. P., Jalkanen, J. P., Anderson, B. A., Corbett, J. J., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., …& Pandey, A., 2015. Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/ Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20 Summary%20and%20Report.pdf[25] Bailey, D., & Solomon, G., 2004. Pollution prevention at ports: clearing the air. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24(7–8), 749-774. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2004.06.005[26] Corbett et al., 2001. Corbett J, Fishbeck P, Sources and Transport of Air Pollution from Ships: Current Understanding, Implications, and Trends, 2001 Conference on Marine Vessels and Air Quality, EPA Region 9, Feb. 2001, San Francisco, California; http://www.epa.gov/region09/air/marinevessel/.[27] World Ports Climate Initiative (WPCI), 2010. Results From Questionnaire on Onshare Power Supply http://wpci.iaphworldports.org/data/docs/onshore-power-supply/library/1266503470_microsoftword-reportonshorepowersupplyquestionnairefebruary2010.pd[28] Hao, Y., Chen, H., Wei, Y.-M., & Li, Y.-M., 2016. The influence of climate change on CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions: an empirical estimation based on Chinese provincial panel data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131, 667-677. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.117[29] Vellinga, T., 2013. Green ports, Marin Smart Port Seminar[30] Luan, C.-J., Tien, C., & Chen, W.-L., 2016. Which “green” is better? An empirical study of the impact of green activities on firm performance. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(2), 102-110. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2015.12.001

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Hydrobiology, Environmental Engineering
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Veysel Tatar Meriç Burçin Özer This is me
Publication Date	April 30, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Tatar, V., & Özer, M. B. (2018). THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), 2(1), 5-24.
AMA	Tatar V, Özer MB. THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. IJENT. April 2018;2(1):5-24.
Chicago	Tatar, Veysel, and Meriç Burçin Özer. “THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE”. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT) 2, no. 1 (April 2018): 5-24.
EndNote	Tatar V, Özer MB (April 1, 2018) THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT) 2 1 5–24.
IEEE	V. Tatar and M. B. Özer, “THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE”, IJENT, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5–24, 2018.
ISNAD	Tatar, Veysel - Özer, Meriç Burçin. “THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE”. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT) 2/1 (April 2018), 5-24.
JAMA	Tatar V, Özer MB. THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. IJENT. 2018;2:5–24.
MLA	Tatar, Veysel and Meriç Burçin Özer. “THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE”. International Journal of Environmental Trends (IJENT), vol. 2, no. 1, 2018, pp. 5-24.
Vancouver	Tatar V, Özer MB. THE IMPACTS OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM MARITIME TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE. IJENT. 2018;2(1):5-24.