Research Article
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Investigation of the Relationship between Digital Games and Sleep Disorders in Children

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 132 - 153, 31.08.2021

Abstract

Digital games have an important place and a powerful influence in the lives of most children today. Looking at previous studies, digital game play has various behavioral problems; It has been observed that it can cause many psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, attention deficit, hyperactivity, asociality, interaction problems with family and environment, addiction. However, there is little to no information about the relationship between digital games' sleep patterns and their associated psychological effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between digital game playing habits and sleep disorders in children. The volunteer parents of 150 children diagnosed with sleep disorder were filled with questionnaire forms about the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Sleep Disorder Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Digital Game Playing Habits Scale. The relationship of digital games with sleep disorders in children was measured using the SPSS 20.00 program. There is a highly positive correlation between the habit of playing digital games and sleep arousal problems (r; 567, p <005). As children have a habit of playing digital games, problems with sleep arousal also increase. There is a highly positive correlation between digital game playing habits and sleep wakefulness transition problems (r; 510, p <005). As children have a habit of playing digital games, sleep alertness and transition problems also increase. It was found that there is a relationship between the habit of playing digital games and sleep disorders in children.

References

  • Aktar, S.Ö. (2021), Ekolojik Yaşam Rehberi, Yeni İnsan Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005), The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual, ICSD-2, American Academy of Sleep Medicine: Westchester, IL.
  • Arısoy, Ö. (2009), İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1(1), 55-67.
  • Aydın, F., Horzum, M.B, Ayas, T., Bektaş, M. (2017), Dijital Oyun Oynama Alışkanlığı Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlilik Çalışması, ERPA International Congresses on Education: Budapest, Hungary.
  • Boyden, S.D., Pott, M., Starks, P.T. (2018), An Evolutionary Perspective On Night Terrors. Evol Med Public Health, 2018(1), 100-105.
  • Bricolo, F., Gentile, D. A., Smelser, R. L., Serpelloni, G. (2007), Use of the Computer and Internet among Italian Families: First National Study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(6), 789-798.
  • Bruni, O., Ottaviano, S., Guidetti, V., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F. (1996), The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Construction and Validation of an İnstrument to Evaluate Sleep Disturbances in Childhood and Adolescence. J Sleep Res, 5, 251-261.
  • Bülbül, S., Kurt, G., Ünlü, E., Kırlı, E. (2010), Adolesanlarda Uyku Sorunları ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 53(3), 204-210.
  • Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., Paradkar, M.S. (2016), Association Between Portable Screen‐Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Journal of American Medical Association Pediatrics, 170, 1202-1208.
  • Common Sense Media (2017), The Common Sense Census: Zero to Eight: Media Use By Kids Zero to Eight, Common Sense: San Francisco, CA.
  • Doliopoulou, E., Rizou, C. (2012), Greek Kindergarten Teachers And Parents Views About Changes In Play Since Their Own Childhood. European Early Childhood Education Reearch Journal, 20 (1), 133-147. Dworak, M., Schierl, T., Bruns, T., Strüder, H.K. (2007), Impact Of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure On Sleep Patterns And Memory Performance Of School-Aged Children. Pediatrics, 120 (5), 978-985.
  • Griffiths, M., Wood, R.T.A. (2000), Risk Factors in Adolescence: The Case of Gambling, Videogame Playing, and the Internet. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 199-225.
  • Gürhopur, F.D.T., Dalgıç, A.İ. (2019), Çocuklarda İnternet Bağımlılığının Çocuğun Uyku Bozukluğu Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmaların Sistematik Derlemesi. X. Uluslararası Eğitimde Araştırmalar Kongresi, 103.
  • Hale, L., Guan, S. (2015), Screen Time and Sleep Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. Sleep Med Rev, 21, 50-58.
  • Hall, A. S., Parsons, J. (2001), Internet Addiction: College Student Case Study Using Best Practices in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Journal of Mental Health Counselling, 23, 312-327.
  • Higuchi, S., Motohashi, Y., Liu, Y., Maeda, A. (2005), Effects of Playing a Computer Game Using A Bright Display On Presleep Physiological Variables, Sleep Latency, Slow Wave Sleep And REM Sleep. J Sleep Res, 14, 267-273.
  • Hysing, M., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K.M., Jakobsen, R., Lundervold, A.J., Siversten, B. (2013), Sleep and Use of Electronic Devices in Adolescence: Results From a Large Population-Based Study. J Sleep Res, 22, 549-556.
  • Ivarsson, M., Anderson, M., Akerstedt, T., Lindblad, F. (2013), The Effect Of Violent and Nonviolent Video Games on Heart Rate Variability, Sleep, and Emotions in Adolescents With Different Violent Gaming Habits. Psychosom Med, 75(4), 390-396.
  • İslamoğlu, H.A. (2003), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beta Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Karasar, N. (1999), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara.
  • Kerr, A. (2006), The Business and Culture Of Digital Games: Game Work and Game Play, Sage Publications: London.
  • Khoo, A., Chen, V. H. H., Hyekyung, C. (2015), Effects of Digital Gaming Among Children and Adolescents in Singapore: A Summary of Research Findings (pp.129-144). In Tzu-Bin, L., Victor, C., Ching SC (Eds.), New Media and Learning in the 21st Century, New York City: Springer.
  • Kim Y, Smith D. (2017), Pedagogical and Technological Augmentation of Mobile Learning for Young Children İnteractive Learning Environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(1), 4-16.
  • Lam, L.T. (2014), Internet Gaming Addiction, Problematic Use Of The İnternet, and Sleep Problems: A Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 16, 444. Lavraks, P.J. (2008), Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, SAGE Publications: New York, ABD.
  • LeBourgeois, M.K., Hale, L., Chang, A.M., Akacem, L.D., Montgomery-Downs, H.E., Buxton, O.M. (2017), Digital Media and Sleep in Childhood and Adolescence. Pediatrics, 140(2), 92.
  • Li. S., Jin, X., Wu, S., Jiang, F., Yan, C., Shen, X. (2007), The Impact Of Media Use On Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disorders Among School-Aged Children in China. Sleep, 30(3), 361-367.
  • Lissak, G. (2018), Adverse Physiological And Psychological Effects of Screen Time on Children and Adolescents: Literature Review and Case Study. Environmental Research, 164, 149-157.
  • Mustafaoğlu, R., Yasacı, Z. (2018), Dijital Oyun Oynamanın Çocukların Ruhsal ve Fiziksel Sağlığı Üzerine Olumsuz Etkileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 19(3), 51-58.
  • Owens, J., Maxim, R., McGuinn, M., Nobile, C., Msall, M., Alario, A. (1999), TelevisionViewing Habits and Sleep Disturbance In School Children. Pediatrics, 104, e27.
  • Paavonen, E.J., Pennonen, M., Roine, M., Valkonen, S., Lahikainen, A.R. (2006), TV Exposure Associated With Sleep Disturbances In 5- To 6-Year-Old Children. J Sleep Res, 15, 154-161.
  • Rosen, L. D., Lim, A., Felt, J., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., Lara-Ruiz, J., Rokkum, J. (2014), Media and Technology Use Predicts Ill-Being Among Children, Preteens and Teenagers Independent of the Negative Health Impacts of Exercise and Eating Habits. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 364-375.
  • Rupert, M.S., Hawi, N.S. (2017), Analysis Using Spectral Clustering to Predict Internet Gaming Behaviours. IDEAS, 1-5.
  • Schenck, C.H., Mahowald, M.W. (2002), REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Clinical, Developmental, and Neuroscience Perspectives 16 Years After Its Formal Identification in Sleep. Sleep, 25(2), 120-138.
  • Short, M. A., Blunden, S., Rigney, G., Matricciani, L., Coussens, S., M. Reynolds, C., Galland, B. (2018), Cognition And Objectively Measured Sleep Duration in Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Sleep Health, 4(3), 292-300.
  • Singh, S., Kaur, H., Singh, S., Khawaja, I. (2018), Parasomnias: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus, 10(12), e3807.
  • Sosso, F.A.E., Kuss, D.J. (2018), Insomnia and problematic Gaming: A Study In 9 Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1101/451724.
  • Stickgold, R., Malia, A., Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000), Replaying The Game: Hypnagogic Images In Normals and Amnesics. Science, 290(5490), 350-353.
  • Tai, M., Mastin, D.F., Peszka, J. (2017), The relationship Between Video Game Use, Game Genre, and Lucid/Control Dreaming. Sleep, 40(1), A271.
  • Tazawa, Y., Okada, K. (2001), Physical Signs Associated With Excessive Television-Game Playing and Sleep Deprivation. Pediatr Int, 43, 647-650.
  • Twenge, J. M., Hisler, G. C. (2018), Associations Between Screen Time and Sleep Duration Are Primarily Driven By Portable Electronic Devices: Evidence From A Population-Based Study of U.S. Children Ages 0 To 17. Sleep Medicine, https://doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.009.
  • Tzchishinsky, O., Lufi, D., Shochat, T. (2008), Reliability of The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire Hebrew Translation and Cross Cultural Comparison of the Psychometric Properties. Sleep Diagnosis and Therapy, 3(3), 30-35.
  • Van den Bulck, J. (2004), Television Viewing, Computer Game Playing, and Internet Use And Self-Reported Time to Bed And Time out of Bed in Secondary-School Children. Sleep, 27(1), 101-104.
  • Wartella, E.A, Lovato, S.B., Pila, S., Lauricella, A.R., Echevarria, R., Evans, J., Hightower, B. (2019), Digital Media Use By Young Children: Learning, Effects and Health Outcomes. In Beresin EV, Olson CK (Eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and The Media, Elsevier: St. Louis, Missouri.
  • WHO (2019), Guidelines On Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour And Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age, World Health Organization: Switzerland.

DİJİTAL OYUNLARIN ÇOCUKLARDA UYKU BOZUKLUKLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 132 - 153, 31.08.2021

Abstract

Dijital oyunlar, günümüzde çoğu çocuğun hayatında önemli bir yere ve güçlü bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Önceki çalışmalara bakıldığında dijital oyun oynamanın çeşitli davranışsal sorunlara; anksiyete, depresyon, somatik şikayetler, dikkat eksikliği, hiperaktivite, asosyallik, aile ve çevreleri ile etkileşim sorunları, bağımlılık gibi birçok psikolojik semptoma sebebiyet verebileceği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte dijital oyunların uyku düzenleri ve çocuklar üzerindeki bağlantılı psikolojik etkileri arasındaki ilişki hakkında yeterli bilgi yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital oyun oynama alışkanlıklarının çocuklarda uyku bozuklukları ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Uyku bozukluğu tanısı konan 150 çocuğun gönüllü olan ebeveynlerine Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Çocuklar için Uyku Bozukluğu Ölçeği (SDSC) ve Dijital Oyun Oynama Alışkanlıkları Ölçeği ile ilgili anket formları doldurtulmuştur. Dijital oyunların çocuklarda uyku bozuklukları ile ilişkisi SPSS 20.00 programı kullanılarak ölçüldü. Dijital oyun oynama alışkanlığı ile uykuda uyarılma sorunları arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r;567, p<005). Çocukların dijital oyun oynama alışkanlığı arttıkça uykuda uyarılma sorunları da artmaktadır. Dijital oyun oynama alışkanlığı ile uyku uyanıklığı geçiş sorunları arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r;510, p<005). Çocukların dijital oyun oynama alışkanlığı arttıkça uyku uyanıklığı geçiş sorunları da artmaktadır. Çocuklarda dijital oyun oynama alışkanlığı ile uyku bozuklukları arasında ilişkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Aktar, S.Ö. (2021), Ekolojik Yaşam Rehberi, Yeni İnsan Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005), The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual, ICSD-2, American Academy of Sleep Medicine: Westchester, IL.
  • Arısoy, Ö. (2009), İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1(1), 55-67.
  • Aydın, F., Horzum, M.B, Ayas, T., Bektaş, M. (2017), Dijital Oyun Oynama Alışkanlığı Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlilik Çalışması, ERPA International Congresses on Education: Budapest, Hungary.
  • Boyden, S.D., Pott, M., Starks, P.T. (2018), An Evolutionary Perspective On Night Terrors. Evol Med Public Health, 2018(1), 100-105.
  • Bricolo, F., Gentile, D. A., Smelser, R. L., Serpelloni, G. (2007), Use of the Computer and Internet among Italian Families: First National Study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(6), 789-798.
  • Bruni, O., Ottaviano, S., Guidetti, V., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F. (1996), The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Construction and Validation of an İnstrument to Evaluate Sleep Disturbances in Childhood and Adolescence. J Sleep Res, 5, 251-261.
  • Bülbül, S., Kurt, G., Ünlü, E., Kırlı, E. (2010), Adolesanlarda Uyku Sorunları ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 53(3), 204-210.
  • Carter, B., Rees, P., Hale, L., Bhattacharjee, D., Paradkar, M.S. (2016), Association Between Portable Screen‐Based Media Device Access or Use and Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Journal of American Medical Association Pediatrics, 170, 1202-1208.
  • Common Sense Media (2017), The Common Sense Census: Zero to Eight: Media Use By Kids Zero to Eight, Common Sense: San Francisco, CA.
  • Doliopoulou, E., Rizou, C. (2012), Greek Kindergarten Teachers And Parents Views About Changes In Play Since Their Own Childhood. European Early Childhood Education Reearch Journal, 20 (1), 133-147. Dworak, M., Schierl, T., Bruns, T., Strüder, H.K. (2007), Impact Of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure On Sleep Patterns And Memory Performance Of School-Aged Children. Pediatrics, 120 (5), 978-985.
  • Griffiths, M., Wood, R.T.A. (2000), Risk Factors in Adolescence: The Case of Gambling, Videogame Playing, and the Internet. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3), 199-225.
  • Gürhopur, F.D.T., Dalgıç, A.İ. (2019), Çocuklarda İnternet Bağımlılığının Çocuğun Uyku Bozukluğu Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmaların Sistematik Derlemesi. X. Uluslararası Eğitimde Araştırmalar Kongresi, 103.
  • Hale, L., Guan, S. (2015), Screen Time and Sleep Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. Sleep Med Rev, 21, 50-58.
  • Hall, A. S., Parsons, J. (2001), Internet Addiction: College Student Case Study Using Best Practices in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Journal of Mental Health Counselling, 23, 312-327.
  • Higuchi, S., Motohashi, Y., Liu, Y., Maeda, A. (2005), Effects of Playing a Computer Game Using A Bright Display On Presleep Physiological Variables, Sleep Latency, Slow Wave Sleep And REM Sleep. J Sleep Res, 14, 267-273.
  • Hysing, M., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K.M., Jakobsen, R., Lundervold, A.J., Siversten, B. (2013), Sleep and Use of Electronic Devices in Adolescence: Results From a Large Population-Based Study. J Sleep Res, 22, 549-556.
  • Ivarsson, M., Anderson, M., Akerstedt, T., Lindblad, F. (2013), The Effect Of Violent and Nonviolent Video Games on Heart Rate Variability, Sleep, and Emotions in Adolescents With Different Violent Gaming Habits. Psychosom Med, 75(4), 390-396.
  • İslamoğlu, H.A. (2003), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beta Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Karasar, N. (1999), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara.
  • Kerr, A. (2006), The Business and Culture Of Digital Games: Game Work and Game Play, Sage Publications: London.
  • Khoo, A., Chen, V. H. H., Hyekyung, C. (2015), Effects of Digital Gaming Among Children and Adolescents in Singapore: A Summary of Research Findings (pp.129-144). In Tzu-Bin, L., Victor, C., Ching SC (Eds.), New Media and Learning in the 21st Century, New York City: Springer.
  • Kim Y, Smith D. (2017), Pedagogical and Technological Augmentation of Mobile Learning for Young Children İnteractive Learning Environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(1), 4-16.
  • Lam, L.T. (2014), Internet Gaming Addiction, Problematic Use Of The İnternet, and Sleep Problems: A Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 16, 444. Lavraks, P.J. (2008), Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, SAGE Publications: New York, ABD.
  • LeBourgeois, M.K., Hale, L., Chang, A.M., Akacem, L.D., Montgomery-Downs, H.E., Buxton, O.M. (2017), Digital Media and Sleep in Childhood and Adolescence. Pediatrics, 140(2), 92.
  • Li. S., Jin, X., Wu, S., Jiang, F., Yan, C., Shen, X. (2007), The Impact Of Media Use On Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disorders Among School-Aged Children in China. Sleep, 30(3), 361-367.
  • Lissak, G. (2018), Adverse Physiological And Psychological Effects of Screen Time on Children and Adolescents: Literature Review and Case Study. Environmental Research, 164, 149-157.
  • Mustafaoğlu, R., Yasacı, Z. (2018), Dijital Oyun Oynamanın Çocukların Ruhsal ve Fiziksel Sağlığı Üzerine Olumsuz Etkileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 19(3), 51-58.
  • Owens, J., Maxim, R., McGuinn, M., Nobile, C., Msall, M., Alario, A. (1999), TelevisionViewing Habits and Sleep Disturbance In School Children. Pediatrics, 104, e27.
  • Paavonen, E.J., Pennonen, M., Roine, M., Valkonen, S., Lahikainen, A.R. (2006), TV Exposure Associated With Sleep Disturbances In 5- To 6-Year-Old Children. J Sleep Res, 15, 154-161.
  • Rosen, L. D., Lim, A., Felt, J., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., Lara-Ruiz, J., Rokkum, J. (2014), Media and Technology Use Predicts Ill-Being Among Children, Preteens and Teenagers Independent of the Negative Health Impacts of Exercise and Eating Habits. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 364-375.
  • Rupert, M.S., Hawi, N.S. (2017), Analysis Using Spectral Clustering to Predict Internet Gaming Behaviours. IDEAS, 1-5.
  • Schenck, C.H., Mahowald, M.W. (2002), REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Clinical, Developmental, and Neuroscience Perspectives 16 Years After Its Formal Identification in Sleep. Sleep, 25(2), 120-138.
  • Short, M. A., Blunden, S., Rigney, G., Matricciani, L., Coussens, S., M. Reynolds, C., Galland, B. (2018), Cognition And Objectively Measured Sleep Duration in Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Sleep Health, 4(3), 292-300.
  • Singh, S., Kaur, H., Singh, S., Khawaja, I. (2018), Parasomnias: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus, 10(12), e3807.
  • Sosso, F.A.E., Kuss, D.J. (2018), Insomnia and problematic Gaming: A Study In 9 Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1101/451724.
  • Stickgold, R., Malia, A., Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000), Replaying The Game: Hypnagogic Images In Normals and Amnesics. Science, 290(5490), 350-353.
  • Tai, M., Mastin, D.F., Peszka, J. (2017), The relationship Between Video Game Use, Game Genre, and Lucid/Control Dreaming. Sleep, 40(1), A271.
  • Tazawa, Y., Okada, K. (2001), Physical Signs Associated With Excessive Television-Game Playing and Sleep Deprivation. Pediatr Int, 43, 647-650.
  • Twenge, J. M., Hisler, G. C. (2018), Associations Between Screen Time and Sleep Duration Are Primarily Driven By Portable Electronic Devices: Evidence From A Population-Based Study of U.S. Children Ages 0 To 17. Sleep Medicine, https://doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.009.
  • Tzchishinsky, O., Lufi, D., Shochat, T. (2008), Reliability of The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire Hebrew Translation and Cross Cultural Comparison of the Psychometric Properties. Sleep Diagnosis and Therapy, 3(3), 30-35.
  • Van den Bulck, J. (2004), Television Viewing, Computer Game Playing, and Internet Use And Self-Reported Time to Bed And Time out of Bed in Secondary-School Children. Sleep, 27(1), 101-104.
  • Wartella, E.A, Lovato, S.B., Pila, S., Lauricella, A.R., Echevarria, R., Evans, J., Hightower, B. (2019), Digital Media Use By Young Children: Learning, Effects and Health Outcomes. In Beresin EV, Olson CK (Eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and The Media, Elsevier: St. Louis, Missouri.
  • WHO (2019), Guidelines On Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour And Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age, World Health Organization: Switzerland.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Bal 0000-0002-9974-2033

İpek Okkay 0000-0002-7107-2832

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bal, F., & Okkay, İ. (2021). DİJİTAL OYUNLARIN ÇOCUKLARDA UYKU BOZUKLUKLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 132-153.