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Su Dağıtım Sisteminde Yük Kaybını Hesaplamak için Hidrolik Modeller: Konya'da bir örnek çalışma

Year 2021, Issue: 28, 275 - 279, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.996991

Abstract

Sınırlı doğal su kaynakları ve tüm dünyada hızla artan nüfus nedeniyle su temin sisteminin yönetimi her geçen gün önemli hale gelmektedir. Ancak su dağıtım sistemlerinin çeşitli teknik sorunları vardır ve sistemdeki enerji kaybı bu sorunlardan biri sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, Konya ili Yaka ilçesinde belirlenmiş bir alanın su dağıtım sistemi Hardy-Cross yöntemi ve su dağıtım sistemlerinin hidrolik modellemesinde sıklıkla kullanılan hidrolik simülasyon yazılımları EPANET ve WaterCAD kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada EPANET ve WaterCAD için belirlenen alanın aynı verileri kullanılmıştır. Hesaplamalar, EPANET'te hesaplanan yük kaybının, su şebekesinde PVC borular kullanıldığında sırasıyla WaterCAD ve Hardy-Cross tarafından hesaplanandan %3,5 ve %16,2 daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Su şebekesinde polietilen borular kullanıldığında, EPANET'te hesaplanan yük kaybı WaterCAD ve Hardy-Cross tarafından hesaplanandan sırasıyla %3,8 ve %26,6 daha düşük olarak bulunmuştur. Su dağıtım sistemi için model olarak WaterCAD ve Hardy-Cross seçilmesi durumunda, yük kaybını azaltmak için boru çapının artırılması gerektiğinden proje maliyeti bir miktar artacaktır. Yük kayıpları karşılaştırıldığında, EPANET'in WaterCAD ve Hardy-Cross'tan daha verimli olduğu sonucuna varılabilir.

References

  • Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz , Yskandar Hamam, Philip R. Page, Kazeem B. Adedeji, Amos O. Anele and Ezio Todini. Real-Time Dynamic Hydraulic Model of Water Distribution Networks, Water, vol. 11, no: 3, article no. 470, 2019.
  • Orazio Giustolisi. Enhanced WDN hydraulic modelling detection of burst leakages, Procedia Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 3-14, 2016.
  • Selami Kara, I. Ethem Karadirek, Ayse Muhammetoglu, Habib Muhammetoglu. Hydraulic modeling of a water distribution network in a tourism area with highly varying characteristics, Procedia Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 521-529, 2016.
  • Topacık, D. ve San, H.A. Hardy-Cross ve Eşdeğer boru metotları mukayesesi, DSİ Bülteni, Sayı 58, 1985.
  • Lopes, A.M.G. Implimentation of the Hardy-Cross Method for the Solution of Piping Networks. Computer Application in Engineering Education. Wiley Periodicals, vol. 12, pp. 117-125, 2004.
  • Izinyon, O.C., Anyata, B.U., Water Distribution Network Modelling of A Small Community Using Watercad Simulator, Global Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 35-47, 2011.
  • Septiawati, E., Sutriyono, E., Juliantina, I., Siswanto, A., Evaluation of Design Planning Water Distribution System with Watercad v.7.0 Simulation Program for Townsite Basecamp Settlement Relocation in Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra, Symposium of Emerging Nuclear Technology and Engineering Novelty (Senten 2018), vol. 1198, article no. 082022, 2019.
  • Agunwamba, JC., Ekwule, O.R., Nnaji, C.C., Performance evaluation of a municipal water distribution system using WaterCAD and Epanet, Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 459-467, 2018.
  • Farghaly, A.M., Ahmed, A.M., Gad, A.A., Hashem, M.A., A study for producing drinking water with safe trihalomethane concentrations, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 808-818, 2014.
  • Chang, E.E., Guo, H.C., Li, I.S., Chiang, P.C., Huang, C.P., Modeling the formation and assessing the risk of disinfection by-products in water distribution systems, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1185-1194, 2010.
  • Maskit, M., Otsfeld, A., Multi-Objective Operation-Leakage Optimization and Calibration of Water Distribution Systems, Water, vol. 13, no. 11, article no. 1606, 2021.
  • Babel, M.S., Shrestha, A., Anusart, K., Shinde, V., Evaluating the potential for conserving water and energy in the water supply system of Bangkok, Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 69, article no. 102857, 2021.
  • Wang, Y., Yok, K.T., Wu, W.Y., Simpson, A.R., Weyer, E., Manzie, C., Minimizing Pumping Energy Cost in Real-Time Operations of Water Distribution Systems Using Economic Model Predictive Control, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 147, no. 11, article no. 102857, 2021.
  • Garcia-Avila, F., Aviles-Anazco, A., Ordonez-Jara, J., Guanuchi-Quezada, C., del Pino, L.F., Ramos-Fernandez, L., Modeling of residual chlorine in a drinking water network in times of pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 3, no.1, article no. 12, 2021.
  • Monteiro, L., Carneiro, J., Covas, D.I.C., Modelling chlorine wall decay in a full-scale water supply system, Urban Water Journal, vol. 17, no.8, pp. 754-762, 2019.
  • Monteiro, L., Carneiro, J., Covas, D.I.C., Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Head Loss of a Pressure Driven Flow through an Unlined Rock-Blasted Tunnel, Water, vol. 20, no.12, article no. 3492, 2020.

Hydraulic Models for Calculating Head Loss in Water Distribution System: a case study in Konya

Year 2021, Issue: 28, 275 - 279, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.996991

Abstract

The management of the water supply system becomes crucial day by day because of limited natural water sources and rapidly increasing population all over the world. However, the water distribution systems have various technical problems and the energy loss in the system can be counted one of these problems. In this study, the water distribution system of a designated area in the Yaka district of Konya was examined using Hardy-Cross method and, the hydraulic simulation softwares EPANET, and WaterCAD which are used in hydraulic modeling of the water distribution systems frequently. The same data of designated area were used for EPANET and WaterCAD in the study. The calculations demonstrated that the head loss calculated in EPANET is 3.5% and %16.2 lower than that calculated by WaterCAD and Hardy-Cross, repectively when PVC pipes were used in the water network. When polyethelene pipes were used in the water network, the head loss calculated in EPANET is 3.8% and %26.6 lower than that calculated by WaterCAD and Hardy-Cross, repectively. In the case of choosing WaterCAD and Hardy-Cross as the model for water distribution system, the project cost would increase slightly due to increasing the diameter of the pipes for reducing the head loss. It can be concluded that by comparing the head losses, EPANET is more efficient than WaterCAD and Hardy-Cross.

References

  • Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz , Yskandar Hamam, Philip R. Page, Kazeem B. Adedeji, Amos O. Anele and Ezio Todini. Real-Time Dynamic Hydraulic Model of Water Distribution Networks, Water, vol. 11, no: 3, article no. 470, 2019.
  • Orazio Giustolisi. Enhanced WDN hydraulic modelling detection of burst leakages, Procedia Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 3-14, 2016.
  • Selami Kara, I. Ethem Karadirek, Ayse Muhammetoglu, Habib Muhammetoglu. Hydraulic modeling of a water distribution network in a tourism area with highly varying characteristics, Procedia Engineering, vol. 162, pp. 521-529, 2016.
  • Topacık, D. ve San, H.A. Hardy-Cross ve Eşdeğer boru metotları mukayesesi, DSİ Bülteni, Sayı 58, 1985.
  • Lopes, A.M.G. Implimentation of the Hardy-Cross Method for the Solution of Piping Networks. Computer Application in Engineering Education. Wiley Periodicals, vol. 12, pp. 117-125, 2004.
  • Izinyon, O.C., Anyata, B.U., Water Distribution Network Modelling of A Small Community Using Watercad Simulator, Global Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 35-47, 2011.
  • Septiawati, E., Sutriyono, E., Juliantina, I., Siswanto, A., Evaluation of Design Planning Water Distribution System with Watercad v.7.0 Simulation Program for Townsite Basecamp Settlement Relocation in Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra, Symposium of Emerging Nuclear Technology and Engineering Novelty (Senten 2018), vol. 1198, article no. 082022, 2019.
  • Agunwamba, JC., Ekwule, O.R., Nnaji, C.C., Performance evaluation of a municipal water distribution system using WaterCAD and Epanet, Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 459-467, 2018.
  • Farghaly, A.M., Ahmed, A.M., Gad, A.A., Hashem, M.A., A study for producing drinking water with safe trihalomethane concentrations, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 808-818, 2014.
  • Chang, E.E., Guo, H.C., Li, I.S., Chiang, P.C., Huang, C.P., Modeling the formation and assessing the risk of disinfection by-products in water distribution systems, Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1185-1194, 2010.
  • Maskit, M., Otsfeld, A., Multi-Objective Operation-Leakage Optimization and Calibration of Water Distribution Systems, Water, vol. 13, no. 11, article no. 1606, 2021.
  • Babel, M.S., Shrestha, A., Anusart, K., Shinde, V., Evaluating the potential for conserving water and energy in the water supply system of Bangkok, Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 69, article no. 102857, 2021.
  • Wang, Y., Yok, K.T., Wu, W.Y., Simpson, A.R., Weyer, E., Manzie, C., Minimizing Pumping Energy Cost in Real-Time Operations of Water Distribution Systems Using Economic Model Predictive Control, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 147, no. 11, article no. 102857, 2021.
  • Garcia-Avila, F., Aviles-Anazco, A., Ordonez-Jara, J., Guanuchi-Quezada, C., del Pino, L.F., Ramos-Fernandez, L., Modeling of residual chlorine in a drinking water network in times of pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 3, no.1, article no. 12, 2021.
  • Monteiro, L., Carneiro, J., Covas, D.I.C., Modelling chlorine wall decay in a full-scale water supply system, Urban Water Journal, vol. 17, no.8, pp. 754-762, 2019.
  • Monteiro, L., Carneiro, J., Covas, D.I.C., Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Head Loss of a Pressure Driven Flow through an Unlined Rock-Blasted Tunnel, Water, vol. 20, no.12, article no. 3492, 2020.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kağan Eryürük 0000-0003-3993-839X

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 28

Cite

APA Eryürük, K. (2021). Hydraulic Models for Calculating Head Loss in Water Distribution System: a case study in Konya. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(28), 275-279. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.996991