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A Migration System Formation Based on Tourism Between Russia and Turkey (ANTALYA)

Year 2014, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 1 - 18, 01.12.2014

Abstract

Starting from the mid-1980s, flows of goods and capital between Russia and Turkey was followed by ever-increasing flows of people; thus, Turkey - particularly Antalya, a tourism city - became a destination for a great number of Russian tourists and migrants. This study examines the emerge of an Antalya-centred migration system based on tourism between Turkey and Russia, as well as focusing on the macro and micro structures having influence over this system.

This study bases on data derived from a survey carried out on 209 Russian participants, who were reached by means of the several snowball sampling methods, and on interviews with migrants. Main findings of the study indicate that: Tourism creates strong linkages in the migration system between the two countries; the migration system feeds itself through touristic travels, circular participation in the local workforce, partner relationships, marriage, and VFR; the region where the Russian community live spreads along the coast and finally the migration system is also developed with attracting other CIS citizens.

Keywords: International Migration Systems, Tourism, Russia, Turkey, Antalya.

References

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  • Bertalanffy, L. von., 1950. 'An Outline of General System Theory'. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 1, 134–65.
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  • Castles, S., Miller M. J., 2003. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Guilford Press, New York
  • Cuba, L. 1991. 'Models of migration decision making reexamined: The destination search of older migrants to Cape Cod'. The Gerontologist 31(2), 204-209.
  • Çelikpala, M., 2007. '1990’lardan Günümüze Türk-Rus İlişkileri'. Avrasya Dosyası 13(1), 267-298.
  • Dedeoğlu, S., Ekiz-Gökmen, Ç., 2010. Türkiye’de Yabancı Göçmen Kadınların Sosyal Dışlanması Üzerine Araştırma. TUBITAK SOBAG Project Report No: 106K258. Muğla: Turkey.
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  • Gülçür, Leyla and Pınar İlkkaracan. 2002. "The 'Natasha' Experience: Migrant Sex Workers From the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in Turkey." Women’s Studies International Forum 25 (4): 411-421.
  • Hall, C. M., Page S. J., 1999. The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. Routledge, New York
  • Hall, C. M., Williams, A. L. 2002. 'Conclusions: Tourism-Migration Relationships'. In Hall, C. M., Williams, A. L. (Eds) Tourism and Migration New Relationships Between Production and Consumption, 277-289. Springer, Netherlands
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RUSYA İLE TÜRKİYE ARASINDA TURİZME DAYALI BİR GÖÇ SİSTEMİ OLUŞUMU

Year 2014, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 1 - 18, 01.12.2014

Abstract

1980’lerin ortasından başlayarak, Rusya ve Türkiye arasındaki emtia ve sermaye akışını, giderek artan insan akışları izledi; böylece Türkiye, özellikle de bir turizm şehri olan Antalya, büyük bir miktardaki Rus turist ve göçmen için bir destinasyon haline geldi. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ve Rusya arasında turizme dayanan, Antalya merkezli bir göç sisteminin ortaya çıkışını incelemekte, aynı zamanda bu sistem üzerinde etkili olan mikro ve makro yapılara odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, farklı kartopu örneklemler yoluyla ulaşılan 209 Rus katılımcılara uygulanan bir araştırmaya ve göçmenlerle yapılan mülakatlara dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, turizmin iki ülke arasındaki göç sistemlerinde güçlü bağlantılar yarattığına, göç sisteminin turistik seyahatler, yerel işgücüne döngüsel katılım, partner ilişkileri, evlilik ve arkadaş-akraba ziyaretleri yoluyla kendi kendini beslediğine, Rus toplululuğunun yaşadığı bölgenin kıyı boyunca yayıldığına ve son olarak göç sisteminin diğer BDT vatandaşlarını çekerek de geliştiğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası göç sistemleri, turizm, Rusya, Türkiye, Antalya

 

References

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  • Aydın, S., 2006. 'Post- Sosyalist Ülkelerde Açığa Çıkan İşgücü ve Trabzon'da Yabancı Uyruklu Kadın Olgusu.' MA Thesis, Muğla University
  • Bakewell, O., 2012. "Re-Launching Migration Systems." University of Oxford International Migration Institute Working Papers 60.
  • Bakewell, O., de Haas, H., Kubal A., 2011. Migration Systems, Pioneers and The Role of Agency. University of Oxford International Migration Institute Working Papers 48.
  • Balkır, C., Kırkulak, B., 2009. 'Turkey, the New Destination for International Retirement Migration.' In Fassmann H., Haller M., Lane D. (eds.) Migration and Mobility in Europe: Trends, Patterns and Control, Cheltenham, 123-143, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., UK.
  • Beller-Hann, I., 1995. 'Prostitution and its Effects in Northeastern Turkey'. The European Journal of Women’s Studies 2, 219-235.
  • Benson, M., 2010. 'The Context and Trajectory of Lifestyle Migration: The Case of British Residents in Southwest France'. European Societies 12(1), 45-64.
  • Bertalanffy, L. von., 1950. 'An Outline of General System Theory'. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 1, 134–65.
  • Büyükakıncı, E., 2004. 'Soğuk Savaş Sonrasında Türk-Rus İlişkileri'. In Sönmezoğlu, F. (ed) Türk Dış Politikasının Anali.. Der Yayınevi, İstanbul
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  • Çelikpala, M., 2007. '1990’lardan Günümüze Türk-Rus İlişkileri'. Avrasya Dosyası 13(1), 267-298.
  • Dedeoğlu, S., Ekiz-Gökmen, Ç., 2010. Türkiye’de Yabancı Göçmen Kadınların Sosyal Dışlanması Üzerine Araştırma. TUBITAK SOBAG Project Report No: 106K258. Muğla: Turkey.
  • De Haas, H., 2009. 'Migration System Formation and Decline. A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Self- Perpetuating and Self-Undermining Dynamics of Migration Processes'. University of Oxford International Migration Institute Working Papers No: 19.
  • De Haas, H., 2008. 'Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective'. University of Oxford International Migration Institute Working Papers No: 9.
  • Deniz, A,. 2012. 'Rusya’dan Antalya’ya Ulusaşırı Göç ve Bu Göçün Sosyo-Mekânsal Sonuçları'. MA Thesis, Ankara University
  • Deniz, A., Özgür, E. M., 2013. 'Antalya’daki Rus Gelinler: Göçten Evliliğe, Evlilikten Göçe'. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi 27(2), 151-175.
  • Deniz, A., Özgür, E. M., 2010. 'Rusya’dan Türkiye’ye Ulusaşırı Göç: Antalya’daki Rus Göçmenler'. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi 19(1), 13-30.
  • Deniz, A., Özgür, E. M., 2014. Transnationalism and Gender: Russian Migrant Women in Antalya." In Safi S., Kavak, Ş. (Eds) Gender and Migration: Critical Issues and Policy Implications, London Centre for Social Studies Conference Proceeding, London
  • Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., King, B., Seetaram N., 2010. Migration-Related Determinants of Australian Inbound and Outbound Tourism Flows. CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd., Gold Coast Queenland
  • Erder, S., 2010. “Düzensiz Göç, Göçmen Korkusu ve Çelişen Tepkiler”. In Pusch, B., Wilkoszewski, T. (eds) Türkiye’ye Uluslararası Göç: Toplumsal Koşullar-Bireysel Yaşamlar. 41-55. Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul.
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  • Esser, H., 2006. 'Migration, Language and Integration'. Programme on Intercultural Conflicts and Societal Integration. AKI Research Review 4. Social Science Research Center, Berlin Accessed July 2014. http://www2000.wzb.eu/alt/aki/files/aki_research_review_4.pdf
  • Fawcett, J. T., 1989. 'Networks, Linkages and Migration Systems'. International Migration Review 23, 671-680.
  • Gebelek, G., 2008. 'The New International Migration from a Gender Perspective: A Case Study of Post- Soviet ‘Servants of Tourism’ in Antalya'. MA Thesis, University of Koç.
  • Gössling, S., Schulz, U., 2005. 'Tourism-Related Migration in Zanzibar, Tanzania'. Tourism Geographies 7(1), 43-62.
  • Gülçür, Leyla and Pınar İlkkaracan. 2002. "The 'Natasha' Experience: Migrant Sex Workers From the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in Turkey." Women’s Studies International Forum 25 (4): 411-421.
  • Hall, C. M., Page S. J., 1999. The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. Routledge, New York
  • Hall, C. M., Williams, A. L. 2002. 'Conclusions: Tourism-Migration Relationships'. In Hall, C. M., Williams, A. L. (Eds) Tourism and Migration New Relationships Between Production and Consumption, 277-289. Springer, Netherlands
  • Iontsev, V., Ivakhniouk I., 2002. 'Russia in the World Migration Flows: Trends of the Last Decade (1992- 2001)'. In Iontsev, V. (ed) World in the Mirror of International Migration, International Migration of Population: Russia and the Contemporary World, 34-78 Moscow. Accessed 20 July 2014. http://www/demostudy.ru/books/volume%2010_eng-1.pdf
  • Irdam, D., 2011. Suitcase Trade between Turkey and the Post-Soviet States: The Resistance, the Dynamics and the Change. MA Thesis, University of Koç. Istanbul
  • Ivakhnyuk, I., 2006. 'Migrations in the CIS Region: Common Problems and Mutual Benefits'. Paper presented at the International Symposium 'International Migration and Development', Turin: Italy. 28-30 June.
  • Ivakhniouk, I., 2007. 'Eurasian Migration System: Theoretical and Political Approaches. In Iontsev V. (ed) 'Migration and Development', International Migration of Population: Russia and the Contemporary World. Moscow University Press, Moscow
  • İçduygu, A., 2004. 'Demographic Mobility over Turkey: Migration Experiences and Government Responses'. Mediterranean Quarterly 15(4), 88-99.
  • İçduygu, A., 2009. The International Migration Systems between Turkey and Russia: The Case of Project-Tied Migrant Workers in Moscow, CARIM Research Reports 18.
  • İçduygu, A., Karaçay, A. B., 2012. 'The International Migration Systems between Turkey and Russia: Project-Tied Migrant Workers in Moscow'. International Migration 50 (1), 55-74.
  • Jackson, R. T., 1990. 'VFR Tourism: Is it Underestimated?' Journal of Tourism Studies 1(2), 10-17.
  • Karaçay, A. B., Düvell, F., 2013. 'Towards New Migration Systems, Patterns and Policies in Eurasia: The Case of Turkey and the Russian Federation'. Oxford: UK. 25 November 2013. Accessed 20 July 2014 http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/files/Events/Events_2013/TurkMiS_9_Workshop.pdf
  • Kınıklıoğlu, S., 2001. 'Türk-Rus İlişkileri: Kasyanov Ziyaretinin Anatomisi'. Avrasya Dosyası Rusya Özel 6 (4), 155-164.
  • King, R., Warnes, T. Williams, A. M. 2000. Sunset Lives: British Retirement Migration to the Mediterranean. Berg Publishers, New York
  • Kirişçi, K,. 2003. Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration. Washington DC: Migration Policy Institute, Migration Information Source Paper.
  • Kolobov, O. A., Kornilov, A.A., Özbay, F. 2006. Çağdaş Türk-Rus ilişkileri: Sorunlar ve İşbirliği Alanları (1992-2005). TASAM Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kritz, M. M. Zlotnik, H., 1992. 'Global Interactions: Migration Systems, Process and Policies'. In Kritz M. M., Lim, L. L., Zlotnik, H. (Eds) International Migration Systems: A Global Approach. 1- 18.Clarendon Press, Oxford
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  • Mabogunje, A. L. 1970. 'Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration'. Geographical Analysis 2, 1-18.
  • Massey, D. S., 1990. 'Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration'. Population Index 56, 3-26.
  • Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., Taylor J. E., 1998. Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Clarendon Press , Oxford
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There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ertuğrul Murat Özgür

Ayla Deniz

Publication Date December 1, 2014
Submission Date April 28, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özgür, E. M., & Deniz, A. (2014). RUSYA İLE TÜRKİYE ARASINDA TURİZME DAYALI BİR GÖÇ SİSTEMİ OLUŞUMU. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 23(2), 1-18.