Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 50 Issue: 4 - Cilt 50, Sayı 4, 453 - 460, 29.12.2023

Gülsüm Akdeniz

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1411493

Abstract

References

  • 1.Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. DigitRatio (2d:4d): a Biomarker For Prenatal Sex Steroids AndAdult Sex Steroids In Challenge Situations. FrontEndocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:9.doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00009
  • 2.Hönekopp J, Watson S. Meta-analysis of digit ratio2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand. AmJ Hum Biol. 2010;22(5):619-30. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21054
  • 3.Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones DI. The ratioof 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbersand concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormoneand oestrogen. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(11):3000-4.doi:10.1093/humrep/13.11.3000
  • 4.McIntosh A, Duffy D, Wright M, et al. Genetic InfluencesOn Handedness: Data From 25,732 Australian and DutchTwin Families. Neuropsychologia 2009;47(2):330-7.doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.005
  • 5.Armour JA, Davison A, McManus IC. Genome-wideassociation study of handedness excludes simple geneticmodels. Heredity (Edinb). 2014;112(3):221-5.doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.93
  • 6. De Kovel CG, Carrion-Castillo A, Francks C. A large-scalepopulation study of early life factors influencing left-handedness. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):584.doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.04.005
  • 7.Ooki S. Genetic and Environmental Influences on theHandedness and Footedness in Japanese Twin Children.Twin Research and Human Genetics. 2005;8(6):649-56.doi:10.1375/183242705774860222
  • 8.Ooki S. Nongenetic factors associated with humanhandedness and footedness in Japanese twin children. Environ Health Prev Med. 2006;11(6):304-12. doi:10.1007/BF02898021
  • 9.Cohen-Bendahan CC, Buitelaar JK, van Goozen SH,Cohen-Kettenis PT. Prenatal exposure to testosterone andfunctional cerebral lateralization: a study in same-sex andopposite-sex twin girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology.2004;29(7):911-6. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.07.001
  • 10.Grimshaw GM, Bryden MP, Finegan J. Relationsbetween prenatal testosterone and cerebral lateralizationin children. Neuropsychology 1995;9(1):68-79.doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.1.68
  • 11.McManus IC, Bryden MP. Geschwind's theory ofcerebral lateralization: developing a formal, causal model. Psychol Bull. 1991;110(2):237-53. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.237
  • 12.Manning JT, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and itsrelationship to foetal and maternal sex steroids: A mini-review. Early Hum Dev. 2023;183:105799.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105799
  • 13.Manning JT, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D), dominance,reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality inthe BBC Internet Study. Am J Hum Biol. 2008;20(4):451-61.doi:10.1002/ajhb.20767
  • 14.Aksu F, Tatar A, Türkmen S, Çelikli S, Çelik A, Tetik S.Paramediklerde Psikolojik Değerlendirme Ve Eldeki 2/4Parmak Oranının Kişilik Yapısı İle İlişkisi. DEÜ TıpFakültesi Dergisi. 2010;24(1):11-8.
  • 15.Akdeniz G. Evaluation of relationship between digitratio (2D: 4D) and epilepsy: Can 2D:4D be a clue forepileptogenesis?. Journal of Clinical and ExperimentalInvestigations. 2018;9(2):87-90.doi:10.5799/jcei.433812
  • 16.Bruin EI, Nijs PF, Verheij F, Verhagen DH, FerdinandRF. Autistic features in girls from a psychiatric sample arestrongly associated with a low 2D:4D ratio. Autism.2009;13(5):511-21. doi:10.1177/1362361309335720
  • 17.Manning JT, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, SandersG.The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Dev Med ChildNeurol. 2001;43(3):160-4. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00181.x
  • 18.Teatero ML, Netley C. A critical review of the researchon the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D).J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43(11):2664-76.doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6
  • 19.Demirci EÖ, DB Ö. Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivitebozukluğu olan erkek çocuk ve ergenlerde agresyon,empati ve 2D: 4D parmak oranlarının ilişkisi. Yeni Symp2015:53;2-8. doi:10.5455/NYS.20151221025259
  • 20.Uysal SA, Ekinci Y, Çoban F, Yakut Y. Edinburgh eltercihi anketi Türkçe güvenirliğinin araştırılması. Journalof Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2019;6(2):112-8.
  • 21.Beaton AA, Rudling N, Kissling C, Taurines R, Thome J.Digit ratio (2D:4D), salivary testosterone, andhandedness. Laterality. 2011;16(2):136-55.doi:10.1080/13576500903410369
  • 22.Ventura T, Gomes MC, Pita A, Neto MT, Taylor A. Digitratio (2D: 4D) in newborns: influences of prenataltestosterone and maternal environment. Early humandevelopment. 2013;89(2):107-12.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.08.009
  • 23. Protopapas HA. The 2D:4D Ratio, Handedness, and Sex Across The Age Span [master's thesis on the Internet].Wilfrid Laurier University Faculty of Science, Departmentof Kinesiology and Physical Education; 2016.
  • 24. Freud S, Brill AA. Three Contributions to the Theory ofSex. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications; 2001.
  • 25.Putz DA, Gaulin SJ, Sporter RJ, McBurney DH. Sexhormones and finger length: What does 2D: 4D indicate?.Evolution and Human Behavior. 2004;25(3):182-99.doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.03.005
  • 26.Malas MA, Dogan S, Evcil EH, Desdicioglu K. Fetaldevelopment of the hand, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D).Early Hum Dev. 2006;82(7):469-75.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.002
  • 27. Manning JT. Resolving the role of prenatal sex steroidsin the development of digit ratio. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2011;108(39):16143-4.doi:10.1073/pnas.1113312108
  • 28. Cherbuin N, Brinkman C. Hemispheric interactions aredifferent in left-handed individuals. Neuropsychology.2006;20(6):700-7. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.700
  • 29.Serrien DJ, Ivry RB, Swinnen SP. Dynamics ofhemispheric specialization and integration in the contextof motor control. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(2):160-6.doi:10.1038/nrn1849
  • 30. Cabinio M, Blasi V, Borroni P, et al. The shape of motorresonance: right- or left-handed? Neuroimage.2010;51(1):313-23.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.103

The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness

Year 2023, Volume: 50 Issue: 4 - Cilt 50, Sayı 4, 453 - 460, 29.12.2023

Gülsüm Akdeniz

https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1411493

Abstract

Objective: The human body exhibits both structural and functional asymmetry. One measure of this asymmetry is the ratio of 2D:4D, which is the proportion of measurements of the 2nd (2D) and 4th finger (4D). In this research, our objective is to investigate the potential association between the ratio of 2D:4D and handedness with voluntary individuals.
Methods: A total of 312 individuals volunteered to take part in the research, where their left and right hand's 4th and 2nd finger lengths were measured using a precise digital caliper. The "Edinburgh Handedness Inventory" was used to determine hand lateralization. To determine the significance between the two independent groups, the Mann Whitney U Test was used. On the other hand, to determine the significance between the two dependent groups, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was utilized.
Results: Of the participants, 154 were male and 158 were female (age range 18-55, mean age=28.34). According to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, 275 individuals were right handed, 18 were left handed, and 19 were bimanual. The Mann Whitney U Test showed a significant result in the ratio of right hand 2D:4D between male and female participants who were right handed (z =-1.979, p = 0.048). Additionally, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test demonstrated a difference between the right and the left hand ratio of 2D:4D for all participants which was significant (z = -2.822, p = 0.005), as well as for participants who were right handed (z = -2.850, p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The ratio of 2D:4D finger lengths could be a significant indicator of hand preference in both male and female healthy individuals. The ratio of 2D:4D holds potential as an indicator and research tool in understanding human emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

Keywords

Finger Handedness Finger Length Ratio Testosterone Estrogen

References

  • 1.Manning J, Kilduff L, Cook C, Crewther B, Fink B. DigitRatio (2d:4d): a Biomarker For Prenatal Sex Steroids AndAdult Sex Steroids In Challenge Situations. FrontEndocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:9.doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00009
  • 2.Hönekopp J, Watson S. Meta-analysis of digit ratio2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand. AmJ Hum Biol. 2010;22(5):619-30. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21054
  • 3.Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones DI. The ratioof 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbersand concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormoneand oestrogen. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(11):3000-4.doi:10.1093/humrep/13.11.3000
  • 4.McIntosh A, Duffy D, Wright M, et al. Genetic InfluencesOn Handedness: Data From 25,732 Australian and DutchTwin Families. Neuropsychologia 2009;47(2):330-7.doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.005
  • 5.Armour JA, Davison A, McManus IC. Genome-wideassociation study of handedness excludes simple geneticmodels. Heredity (Edinb). 2014;112(3):221-5.doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.93
  • 6. De Kovel CG, Carrion-Castillo A, Francks C. A large-scalepopulation study of early life factors influencing left-handedness. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):584.doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.04.005
  • 7.Ooki S. Genetic and Environmental Influences on theHandedness and Footedness in Japanese Twin Children.Twin Research and Human Genetics. 2005;8(6):649-56.doi:10.1375/183242705774860222
  • 8.Ooki S. Nongenetic factors associated with humanhandedness and footedness in Japanese twin children. Environ Health Prev Med. 2006;11(6):304-12. doi:10.1007/BF02898021
  • 9.Cohen-Bendahan CC, Buitelaar JK, van Goozen SH,Cohen-Kettenis PT. Prenatal exposure to testosterone andfunctional cerebral lateralization: a study in same-sex andopposite-sex twin girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology.2004;29(7):911-6. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.07.001
  • 10.Grimshaw GM, Bryden MP, Finegan J. Relationsbetween prenatal testosterone and cerebral lateralizationin children. Neuropsychology 1995;9(1):68-79.doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.1.68
  • 11.McManus IC, Bryden MP. Geschwind's theory ofcerebral lateralization: developing a formal, causal model. Psychol Bull. 1991;110(2):237-53. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.237
  • 12.Manning JT, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and itsrelationship to foetal and maternal sex steroids: A mini-review. Early Hum Dev. 2023;183:105799.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105799
  • 13.Manning JT, Fink B. Digit ratio (2D:4D), dominance,reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality inthe BBC Internet Study. Am J Hum Biol. 2008;20(4):451-61.doi:10.1002/ajhb.20767
  • 14.Aksu F, Tatar A, Türkmen S, Çelikli S, Çelik A, Tetik S.Paramediklerde Psikolojik Değerlendirme Ve Eldeki 2/4Parmak Oranının Kişilik Yapısı İle İlişkisi. DEÜ TıpFakültesi Dergisi. 2010;24(1):11-8.
  • 15.Akdeniz G. Evaluation of relationship between digitratio (2D: 4D) and epilepsy: Can 2D:4D be a clue forepileptogenesis?. Journal of Clinical and ExperimentalInvestigations. 2018;9(2):87-90.doi:10.5799/jcei.433812
  • 16.Bruin EI, Nijs PF, Verheij F, Verhagen DH, FerdinandRF. Autistic features in girls from a psychiatric sample arestrongly associated with a low 2D:4D ratio. Autism.2009;13(5):511-21. doi:10.1177/1362361309335720
  • 17.Manning JT, Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, SandersG.The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Dev Med ChildNeurol. 2001;43(3):160-4. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00181.x
  • 18.Teatero ML, Netley C. A critical review of the researchon the extreme male brain theory and digit ratio (2D:4D).J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;43(11):2664-76.doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1819-6
  • 19.Demirci EÖ, DB Ö. Dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivitebozukluğu olan erkek çocuk ve ergenlerde agresyon,empati ve 2D: 4D parmak oranlarının ilişkisi. Yeni Symp2015:53;2-8. doi:10.5455/NYS.20151221025259
  • 20.Uysal SA, Ekinci Y, Çoban F, Yakut Y. Edinburgh eltercihi anketi Türkçe güvenirliğinin araştırılması. Journalof Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2019;6(2):112-8.
  • 21.Beaton AA, Rudling N, Kissling C, Taurines R, Thome J.Digit ratio (2D:4D), salivary testosterone, andhandedness. Laterality. 2011;16(2):136-55.doi:10.1080/13576500903410369
  • 22.Ventura T, Gomes MC, Pita A, Neto MT, Taylor A. Digitratio (2D: 4D) in newborns: influences of prenataltestosterone and maternal environment. Early humandevelopment. 2013;89(2):107-12.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.08.009
  • 23. Protopapas HA. The 2D:4D Ratio, Handedness, and Sex Across The Age Span [master's thesis on the Internet].Wilfrid Laurier University Faculty of Science, Departmentof Kinesiology and Physical Education; 2016.
  • 24. Freud S, Brill AA. Three Contributions to the Theory ofSex. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications; 2001.
  • 25.Putz DA, Gaulin SJ, Sporter RJ, McBurney DH. Sexhormones and finger length: What does 2D: 4D indicate?.Evolution and Human Behavior. 2004;25(3):182-99.doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.03.005
  • 26.Malas MA, Dogan S, Evcil EH, Desdicioglu K. Fetaldevelopment of the hand, digits and digit ratio (2D:4D).Early Hum Dev. 2006;82(7):469-75.doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.12.002
  • 27. Manning JT. Resolving the role of prenatal sex steroidsin the development of digit ratio. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2011;108(39):16143-4.doi:10.1073/pnas.1113312108
  • 28. Cherbuin N, Brinkman C. Hemispheric interactions aredifferent in left-handed individuals. Neuropsychology.2006;20(6):700-7. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.700
  • 29.Serrien DJ, Ivry RB, Swinnen SP. Dynamics ofhemispheric specialization and integration in the contextof motor control. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(2):160-6.doi:10.1038/nrn1849
  • 30. Cabinio M, Blasi V, Borroni P, et al. The shape of motorresonance: right- or left-handed? Neuroimage.2010;51(1):313-23.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.103
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Education
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Gülsüm Akdeniz

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date September 12, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 50 Issue: 4 - Cilt 50, Sayı 4

Cite

APA Akdeniz, G. (2023). The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 50(4), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1411493
AMA Akdeniz G. The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness. diclemedj. December 2023;50(4):453-460. doi:10.5798/dicletip.1411493
Chicago Akdeniz, Gülsüm. “The Ratio of Second and Fourth Finger Lengths (2D:4D) Can Determine Handedness”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 50, no. 4 (December 2023): 453-60. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1411493.
EndNote Akdeniz G (December 1, 2023) The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 50 4 453–460.
IEEE G. Akdeniz, “The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness”, diclemedj, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 453–460, 2023, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1411493.
ISNAD Akdeniz, Gülsüm. “The Ratio of Second and Fourth Finger Lengths (2D:4D) Can Determine Handedness”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 50/4 (December 2023), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.1411493.
JAMA Akdeniz G. The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness. diclemedj. 2023;50:453–460.
MLA Akdeniz, Gülsüm. “The Ratio of Second and Fourth Finger Lengths (2D:4D) Can Determine Handedness”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, vol. 50, no. 4, 2023, pp. 453-60, doi:10.5798/dicletip.1411493.
Vancouver Akdeniz G. The ratio of second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) can determine handedness. diclemedj. 2023;50(4):453-60.