Bayterek Journal of International Academic Research

Abstract

Chagatai Turkish generally covers the period between the 15th and 20th centuries in Central Asia. In this period, great poets such as Ali Şir Nevâyî aroused deep respect and admiration among their contemporaries. Kut (1989), Nevâyî's literary aspect is exceptional not only for Çağatay or Eastern Turkish Literature, but also in all Turkish literature. He played a primary role in the formation of Classical Chagatai Literature and made Chagatai a classical language. So much so that the Chagatai language was called "Nevayi language" (p.450). Ali Şir Nevâyî was known as a leading figure among other poets and left a significant impact with his works. With his works, he made a great contribution to the development of Turkish language and culture as well as Turkish literature. Çelik (1996), Ali Şîr Nevâyî wrote nearly thirty works on various genres and subjects. He played a major role in the creation of the literary language and the revival of the national language, and enabled Central Asian Turkish literature to reach a classical level with national taste. Each of Nevâyî's works not only illuminates a social and cultural aspect of his time, but also reflects the greatness of his national consciousness, his artistic genius, and his characteristic of being a founder and pioneer (p. 7).
Ali Şir Nevâyî has a total of five divans, four of which are in Turkish and one in Persian. It is seen that many prepositions in Turkish, Arabic and Persian are used in Bedâyiü’l Vasat, one of the Turkish divans. Korkmaz (2019) defines prepositions as task words that do not have meanings on their own, come after words and word groups with nouns and nouns, are closely connected with them in terms of meaning, dominate them in terms of grammar, and establish various semantic relations between the words to which they are added and the other words of the sentence. defined (p. 895). Due to the change of language over time, many prepositions have changed from historical periods to the present. These changes are directly related to the evolution and historical development of language. The preposition dik which is widely used in Chagatai Turkish, has also undergone many phonetic changes. Dagestanlıoğlu (2015), The preposition teg of Old Turkish is used in the form of tėg / dėg in Chagatai, with the interest of analogy and comparison, with simple nouns, pronouns with complementary and plain forms. From the first written data of Turkish, it has become antäg, büntägi etc. included in the figures. While tėg and dėg/k were used together in Pre-Classical Chagatai texts, dėg/k form became the dominant structure in Classical Chagatai texts. The preposition teg is a unit whose different appearances can be determined in the word > enclitic > suffix process in both historical and contemporary branches, which have been used since the oldest texts of the Turkish language (p. 375). Soydan (2019), in the form of teg > tek > dek from Old Turkish, in Crimean Tatar Turkish, which is contemporary Turkish dialects and accents, -Day / -DAın; In Kyrgyz Turkish, -DAy; In Bashkir Turkish, -DAy and starting with the consonant ẕ as a result of infiltrating -ẕAy, and in Tatar Turkish, this preposition, which is used in different forms, function and meaning, such as -DOy as an archaic element of the tic form independently of stereotyping and also depending on lip harmony, means Ali Şir Nevâyî'. In the scanned poetic works of A.D., after the word types such as noun and pronoun, it is connected without suffix, directly (in the form of a dik) or with a relative case suffix, and it is used by being stereotyped in the forms of andak (anı teg arrow, anta arrow) and mundak (mını teg arrow) with indicative pronouns. It is seen in the scanned works of this period that the annexation and unification process started from the Old Turkish period and continued in the Chagatai Turkish period (p. 145). While "tig ~ teg ~ deg" shapes were seen before Ali Şir Nevâyî, it was seen that they were used as dik together with Nevâyî.
In this study, the couplets with the preposition dik in the Turkish divan Bedâyiü’l Vasat, which means "the beauties of middle age", were scanned, and then the use of the prepositions in these couplets with nouns, pronouns, adjective-verb suffixes and phrases were revealed. After special names such as “Mecnun Dik, Yusuf Dik”; They are used after genus names such as "kuş dik, cân dik ". At the same time, the examples identified in the couplets such as "andak, mundak, min dik, sin dik " are presented and their usage with pronouns is discussed. The use of the preposition dik with adjective-verb suffixes has also been encountered. examples are given. At the same time, the poet used this preposition with noun phrases: bihi color erect, mercy verse erect, tilbe dogs erect, etc. Nevâyî also puts the dik preposition in the predicate function by taking an additional verb. A few of the detected examples are: tulip dik, blood dik, berk dik.