DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS

Cansu Özşin Özler; Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek; Bahar Güçiz Doğan

doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.471227

Research Article

DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 461 - 467, 16.07.2019

Cansu Özşin Özler Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek Bahar Güçiz Doğan

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.471227

Abstract

ABSTRACT:

Aim: The aim of this
study is to determine the level of knowledge of dental trauma and especially
permanent dental avulsion among the Department of Primary Education senior
students.

Material and Methods: Ethical approval of
Hacettepe University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Board was
obtained. The data were collected via a structured, pre-tested,
self-administered questionnaire in Hacettepe University Faculty of Education.

Results: A total of 145
students, 60 (41.0%) from the division of Early Childhood Education and 85 (59.0%)
from the division of Classroom Education participated in this descriptive
study. Of the students, 9.7% had previously received training on oral dental
injuries. Even 33.1% knew that avulsed permanent tooth can be replanted, 91.7%
thought that the tooth should not be replanted by themselves. Almost all of the
students (94.5%) wish to learn more information about dental trauma.

Conclusion: It has been
observed that senior students’ level of knowledge related to dental trauma was
inadequate. In this regard, prospective primary education teachers are in
training need about this subject. It is also recommended that basic information
on dental trauma has to be given in the context of first aid and emergency
intervention trainings in these departments.

Keywords: Tooth avulsion, knowledge,
dental trauma, teacher

EĞİTİM
FAKÜLTESİ SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AĞIZ DİŞ YARANMASINA İLİŞKİN BİLGİ DÜZEYİ

ÖZ

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın
amacı Temel Eğitim Bölümü son sınıf öğrencilerinin ağız-diş yaralanmalarına ve
özellikle de daimi diş avulsiyonuna (yerinden çıkması) ilişkin bilgilerinin
belirlenmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Hacettepe
Üniversitesi (H.Ü.) Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurul izni
alınmıştır. Veriler yapılandırılmış, ön denemeden geçirilmiş, araştırıcılar
tarafından hazırlanmış bir anket aracılığı ile H.Ü. Eğitim Fakültesinde
toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Bu tanımlayıcı
nitelikteki çalışmaya Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalından 60 (% 41,0) ve
Sınıf Eğitimi Anabilim Dalından 85 (% 59,0) olmak üzere toplam 145 öğretmen
adayı öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin % 9,7’si önceden ağız- diş
yaralanmalarına ilişkin eğitim almış olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Çalışmada %
33,1 öğrencinin avulse olmuş daimi dişin yerine geri yerleştirilmesi
gerektiğini bilmekte olduğu; ancak % 91,7’sinin bu müdahalenin kendileri
tarafından yapılmaması gerektiğini düşündükleri görülmüştür. Neredeyse tüm
öğrenciler (% 94,5) ağız-diş yaralanmaları hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek
istediklerini belirtmişlerdir.

Sonuç: Çalışmada son
sınıf temel eğitim bölümü öğretmen adayı öğrencilerinin ağız-diş yaralanmaları
konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda temel
eğitim bölümü öğretmen adaylarının ilgili konuda eğitim ihtiyaçları olduğu
düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bu bölümlerde verilen ilk yardım ve acil müdahale
eğitimleri kapsamında da temel ağız-diş yaralanmaları bilgisinin verilmesi
önerilmektedir.

Anahtar
Kelimeler: Diş avulsiyonu, bilgi, diş yaralanması, öğretmen

Keywords

Tooth avulsion, knowledge, dental trauma

References

1. Gottrup F, Storgard Jensen S, Andreasen JO. Wound Healing Subsequent to Injury. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4 ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007.
2. Glendor U, Marcenes W, Andreasen JO. Classification, Epidemiolology and Etiology. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007. p. 217-54.
3. Cortes MI, Marcenes W, Sheiham A. Impact of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth on the oral health-related quality of life in 12-14-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002; 30(3):193-8.
4. Marcenes W, Ryda U. Socio-Psychological Aspects of Traumatic Dental Injuries. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4 ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007.
5. Eilert-Petersson E, Andersson L, Sörensen S. Traumatic oral vs non-oral injuries. An epidemiological study during one year in a swedish country. Swed Dent J. 1997; (21):55-68.
6. Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores MT, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(3):174-82. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01146.x
7. Diangelis AJ, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(1):2-12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01103.x
8. Maitra AK. School accidents to children: time to act. . J Accid Emerg Med 1997; (14):240-2.
9. Ravn JJ. Dental injuries in Copenhagen schoolchildren, school years 1967-1972. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1974; 2(5):231-45.
10. Skaare AB, Jacobsen I. Etiological factors related to dental injuries in Norwegians age 7-18 years. . Dent Traumatol. 2003; (19):304-8.
11. Abdellatif AM, Hegazy SA. Knowledge of management of avulsed teeth among a sample of Egyptian parents. J Adv Res. 2011; (2):157-62.
12. Antunes LA, Rodrigues AS, Martins AM, Cardoso ES, Homsi N, Antunes LS. Traumatic dental injury in permanent teeth: knowledge and management in a group of Brazilian school teachers. Dent Traumatol. 2016; 32(4):269-73. doi:10.1111/edt.12249
13. Singh M, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Yadav P. Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of school teachers about emergency management of traumatic dental injury. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015; 5(2):108-13. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.155735
14. Alsadhan SA, Alsayari NF, Abuabat MF. Teachers' knowledge concerning dental trauma and its management in primary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int Dent J. 2018. doi:10.1111/idj.12385
15. Nirwan M, Syed AA, Chaturvedi S, Goenka P, Sharma S. Awareness in Primary School Teachers regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Their Emergency Management: A Survey in South Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 9(1):62-6. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1335
16. Pithon MM, Lacerda dos Santos R, Magalhaes PH, Coqueiro Rda S. Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(5):110-5. doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.110-115.oar
17. Thabetand MM, Abed El kerim IH. Primarily School Teachers’ Knowledge Before and After Teaching First Aid Measures about Avulsed or Broken Permanent Incisor among Children IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2016; 5(1):01-10.
18. Francisco SS, Soares jA, Murrer DR. Evaluation of elementary education teacher's knowledge on avulsion and tooth replantation RSBO. 2015; 12(1).
19. Mori GG, Turcio KH, Borro VP, Mariusso AM. Evaluation of the knowledge of tooth avulsion of school professionals from Adamantina, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2007; 23(1):2-5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00391.x
20. Natarajan K, Gurunathan D. Knowledge of tooth avulsion and its emergency management among physical education teachers in chennai. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013; 11(5):21-4.
21. Olatosi Oo, Iwuala SO, Isiekwe GI, Oredugba FA, Adenaike AS, Oluwo AO. Knowledge and attitude of some nigerian school teachers on the emergency management of avulsed permanent incisore. journal of the west african college of surgeons 2013; 3(4). 22. Prathyusha P, Harshini T, Haripriya B, Pramod IJ, Swathi K, Samyuktha CL. Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Avulsion and Its Immediate Treatment in School Teachers in Bangalore City (South). J Int Oral Health. 2015; 7(8):93-7.
23. Shamarao S, Jain J, Ajagannanavar SL, Haridas R, Tikare S, Kalappa AA. Knowledge and attitude regarding management of tooth avulsion injuries among school teachers in rural India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014; 4(Suppl 1):S44-8. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.144599
24. Alencar AHG, Bruno kF, Freire MCM, Moraes MR, Queiroz LB. Knowledge and attitudes of phsical education undergraduates regarding dental trauma Dental Press Endod. 2012; 2(1):74-9.
25. Panzarini SR, Pedrini D, Brandini DA, et al. Physical education undergraduates and dental trauma knowledge. Dent Traumatol. 2005; 21(6):324-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00327.x
26. Skeie MS, Audestad E, Bardsen A. Traumatic dental injuries--knowledge and awareness among present and prospective teachers in selected urban and rural areas of Norway. Dent Traumatol. 2010; 26(3):243-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00897.x
27. Ersin N, Önçağ Ö, Ertuğrul M, et al. İlkokul Öğretmenlerinin Dental Travmalarla İlgili Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2011; 12(2):63-8.
28. Caglar E, Ferreira LP, Kargul B. Dental trauma management knowledge among a group of teachers in two south European cities. Dent Traumatol. 2005; 21(5):258-62. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00321.x
29. Simsek I, Ayna B, Uysal E. Determining the level of knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers in emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and evaluation of the effect of educational leaflet for teachers. Yeditepe J Dent. . 2017; 13(2):11-9. doi:10.5505/yeditepe.2017.30922
30. Tozoglu U, Sahin H. Ebeveynlerin Dental Avulsiyon ve Tedavisi Hakkındaki Bilgilerinn Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Ünv.Diş Hek.Fak.Derg. 2006; 16(3):19-22.
31. Campus G, Solinas G, Strohmenger L, et al. National pathfinder survey on children's oral health in Italy: pattern and severity of caries disease in 4-year-olds. Caries Res. 2009; 43(2):155-62. doi:10.1159/000211719
32. Skaare AB, Jacobsen I. Dental injuries in Norwegians aged 7-18 years. Dent Traumatol. 2003; 19(2):67-71.
33. Mehrabkhani M, Ajami B, Parisay I, Bolboli A, Akbarian G. Knowledge of Emergency Management of Traumatized Teeth among Schoolteachers in Mashhad, Iran. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015; 9(2):121-5. doi:10.15171/joddd.2015.024
34. McIntyre JD, Lee JY, Trope M, Vann WF, Jr. Elementary school staff knowledge about dental injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2008; 24(3):289-98. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00542.x
35. Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(2):88-96. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x
36. injuries. EATtotd. The treatment of traumatic dental injuries. 2014.
37. Prasanna S, Giriraju A, Narayan NL. Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teachers toward Tooth Avulsion and Dental First Aid in Davangere City: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011; 4(3):203-6. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1110

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 461 - 467, 16.07.2019

Cansu Özşin Özler Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek Bahar Güçiz Doğan

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.471227

Abstract

References

1. Gottrup F, Storgard Jensen S, Andreasen JO. Wound Healing Subsequent to Injury. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4 ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007.
2. Glendor U, Marcenes W, Andreasen JO. Classification, Epidemiolology and Etiology. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007. p. 217-54.
3. Cortes MI, Marcenes W, Sheiham A. Impact of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth on the oral health-related quality of life in 12-14-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002; 30(3):193-8.
4. Marcenes W, Ryda U. Socio-Psychological Aspects of Traumatic Dental Injuries. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. 4 ed. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell; 2007.
5. Eilert-Petersson E, Andersson L, Sörensen S. Traumatic oral vs non-oral injuries. An epidemiological study during one year in a swedish country. Swed Dent J. 1997; (21):55-68.
6. Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores MT, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(3):174-82. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01146.x
7. Diangelis AJ, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(1):2-12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01103.x
8. Maitra AK. School accidents to children: time to act. . J Accid Emerg Med 1997; (14):240-2.
9. Ravn JJ. Dental injuries in Copenhagen schoolchildren, school years 1967-1972. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1974; 2(5):231-45.
10. Skaare AB, Jacobsen I. Etiological factors related to dental injuries in Norwegians age 7-18 years. . Dent Traumatol. 2003; (19):304-8.
11. Abdellatif AM, Hegazy SA. Knowledge of management of avulsed teeth among a sample of Egyptian parents. J Adv Res. 2011; (2):157-62.
12. Antunes LA, Rodrigues AS, Martins AM, Cardoso ES, Homsi N, Antunes LS. Traumatic dental injury in permanent teeth: knowledge and management in a group of Brazilian school teachers. Dent Traumatol. 2016; 32(4):269-73. doi:10.1111/edt.12249
13. Singh M, Ingle NA, Kaur N, Yadav P. Evaluation of knowledge and attitude of school teachers about emergency management of traumatic dental injury. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015; 5(2):108-13. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.155735
14. Alsadhan SA, Alsayari NF, Abuabat MF. Teachers' knowledge concerning dental trauma and its management in primary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int Dent J. 2018. doi:10.1111/idj.12385
15. Nirwan M, Syed AA, Chaturvedi S, Goenka P, Sharma S. Awareness in Primary School Teachers regarding Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Their Emergency Management: A Survey in South Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 9(1):62-6. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1335
16. Pithon MM, Lacerda dos Santos R, Magalhaes PH, Coqueiro Rda S. Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19(5):110-5. doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.110-115.oar
17. Thabetand MM, Abed El kerim IH. Primarily School Teachers’ Knowledge Before and After Teaching First Aid Measures about Avulsed or Broken Permanent Incisor among Children IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2016; 5(1):01-10.
18. Francisco SS, Soares jA, Murrer DR. Evaluation of elementary education teacher's knowledge on avulsion and tooth replantation RSBO. 2015; 12(1).
19. Mori GG, Turcio KH, Borro VP, Mariusso AM. Evaluation of the knowledge of tooth avulsion of school professionals from Adamantina, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2007; 23(1):2-5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00391.x
20. Natarajan K, Gurunathan D. Knowledge of tooth avulsion and its emergency management among physical education teachers in chennai. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013; 11(5):21-4.
21. Olatosi Oo, Iwuala SO, Isiekwe GI, Oredugba FA, Adenaike AS, Oluwo AO. Knowledge and attitude of some nigerian school teachers on the emergency management of avulsed permanent incisore. journal of the west african college of surgeons 2013; 3(4). 22. Prathyusha P, Harshini T, Haripriya B, Pramod IJ, Swathi K, Samyuktha CL. Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Avulsion and Its Immediate Treatment in School Teachers in Bangalore City (South). J Int Oral Health. 2015; 7(8):93-7.
23. Shamarao S, Jain J, Ajagannanavar SL, Haridas R, Tikare S, Kalappa AA. Knowledge and attitude regarding management of tooth avulsion injuries among school teachers in rural India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014; 4(Suppl 1):S44-8. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.144599
24. Alencar AHG, Bruno kF, Freire MCM, Moraes MR, Queiroz LB. Knowledge and attitudes of phsical education undergraduates regarding dental trauma Dental Press Endod. 2012; 2(1):74-9.
25. Panzarini SR, Pedrini D, Brandini DA, et al. Physical education undergraduates and dental trauma knowledge. Dent Traumatol. 2005; 21(6):324-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00327.x
26. Skeie MS, Audestad E, Bardsen A. Traumatic dental injuries--knowledge and awareness among present and prospective teachers in selected urban and rural areas of Norway. Dent Traumatol. 2010; 26(3):243-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00897.x
27. Ersin N, Önçağ Ö, Ertuğrul M, et al. İlkokul Öğretmenlerinin Dental Travmalarla İlgili Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2011; 12(2):63-8.
28. Caglar E, Ferreira LP, Kargul B. Dental trauma management knowledge among a group of teachers in two south European cities. Dent Traumatol. 2005; 21(5):258-62. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00321.x
29. Simsek I, Ayna B, Uysal E. Determining the level of knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers in emergency management of traumatic dental injuries and evaluation of the effect of educational leaflet for teachers. Yeditepe J Dent. . 2017; 13(2):11-9. doi:10.5505/yeditepe.2017.30922
30. Tozoglu U, Sahin H. Ebeveynlerin Dental Avulsiyon ve Tedavisi Hakkındaki Bilgilerinn Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Ünv.Diş Hek.Fak.Derg. 2006; 16(3):19-22.
31. Campus G, Solinas G, Strohmenger L, et al. National pathfinder survey on children's oral health in Italy: pattern and severity of caries disease in 4-year-olds. Caries Res. 2009; 43(2):155-62. doi:10.1159/000211719
32. Skaare AB, Jacobsen I. Dental injuries in Norwegians aged 7-18 years. Dent Traumatol. 2003; 19(2):67-71.
33. Mehrabkhani M, Ajami B, Parisay I, Bolboli A, Akbarian G. Knowledge of Emergency Management of Traumatized Teeth among Schoolteachers in Mashhad, Iran. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015; 9(2):121-5. doi:10.15171/joddd.2015.024
34. McIntyre JD, Lee JY, Trope M, Vann WF, Jr. Elementary school staff knowledge about dental injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2008; 24(3):289-98. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00542.x
35. Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012; 28(2):88-96. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x
36. injuries. EATtotd. The treatment of traumatic dental injuries. 2014.
37. Prasanna S, Giriraju A, Narayan NL. Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teachers toward Tooth Avulsion and Dental First Aid in Davangere City: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011; 4(3):203-6. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1110

There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Dentistry
Journal Section	Araştırma Makalesi
Authors	Cansu Özşin Özler This is me 0000-0002-9366-3991 Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek 0000-0003-1179-7708 Bahar Güçiz Doğan 0000-0002-9658-2513
Publication Date	July 16, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2019 Volume: 29 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Özşin Özler, C., Uzamış Tekçiçek, M., & Güçiz Doğan, B. (2019). DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(3), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.471227
AMA	Özşin Özler C, Uzamış Tekçiçek M, Güçiz Doğan B. DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. July 2019;29(3):461-467. doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.471227
Chicago	Özşin Özler, Cansu, Meryem Uzamış Tekçiçek, and Bahar Güçiz Doğan. “DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29, no. 3 (July 2019): 461-67. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.471227.
EndNote	Özşin Özler C, Uzamış Tekçiçek M, Güçiz Doğan B (July 1, 2019) DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29 3 461–467.
IEEE	C. Özşin Özler, M. Uzamış Tekçiçek, and B. Güçiz Doğan, “DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 461–467, 2019, doi: 10.17567/ataunidfd.471227.
ISNAD	Özşin Özler, Cansu et al. “DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 29/3 (July 2019), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.471227.
JAMA	Özşin Özler C, Uzamış Tekçiçek M, Güçiz Doğan B. DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2019;29:461–467.
MLA	Özşin Özler, Cansu et al. “DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 3, 2019, pp. 461-7, doi:10.17567/ataunidfd.471227.
Vancouver	Özşin Özler C, Uzamış Tekçiçek M, Güçiz Doğan B. DENTAL TRAUMA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AMONG EDUCATIONAL FACULTY SENIOR STUDENTS. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2019;29(3):461-7.

Article Files

Full Text

Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. Tıklayınız.