Dissertation
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Digital Nomadism in the New Media Age: A Study on 21st Century Travelers

Year 2023, Issue: 41, 70 - 93, 30.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1300885

Abstract

Digital nomads who reject traditional business models and sedentary life move independently from time and space. They are individuals who travel frequently to get to know new places, cultures and people, and conduct all their business digitally. Within the scope of the current research, a detailed literature review was conducted on the concept of digital nomads, and it was determined that the studies were addressed in a limited framework. The aim of this research is to explore the trends towards digital nomads, which are increasing in number today, as well as revealing the current and future importance of the community. The importance of the research is to make a unique contribution to the field in terms of discovering trends about the community from different perspectives such as motivations for becoming a digital nomad, destination preference criteria, advantages and disadvantages of being a digital nomad, and digital nomads' interactions with social media. In this study, which was designed as a qualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews and content analysis were used as data analysis tools. The data obtained were analyzed through MAXQDA, one of the qualitative analysis software programs. According to the findings, it was concluded that the participants defined the concept of digital nomad as temporal, spatial and financial freedom, and that digital nomadism only can be long-term with a sustainable business model.

Project Number

-

References

  • Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2019). Digital Tourism: Mobile Phones, Internet and Tourism in Africa. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(2), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1562662
  • Aguinis, H., & Lawal, S. O. (2013). ELancing: A Review and Research Agenda for Bridging the Science-Practice Gap. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.003
  • Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Shah, M. H., Madichie, N., Paul, J., & Choudrie, J. (2021). Keeping Customers’ Data Secure: A Cross-Cultural Study of Cybersecurity Compliance Among the Gen-Mobile Workforce. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106531
  • Aroles, J., Bonneau, C., & Bhankaraully, S. (2022). Conceptualising ‘Meta-Work’ in the Context of Continuous, Global Mobility: The Case of Digital Nomadism. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170211069797
  • Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013). Libraries as Coworking Spaces. Library Hi Tech, 31(2), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831311329040
  • Blatt, K., & Gallagher, J. (2013). Mobile Workforce: The Rise of the Mobilocracy. In P. Bruck & M. Rao (Eds.), Global mobile: Applications and Innovations for the Worldwide Mobile Ecosystem (pp 275-292). Information Today.
  • Bonneau, C., & Aroles, J. (2021). Digital nomads: A New Form of Leisure Class? In J. Aroles, F.-X. de Vaujany, & K. Dale (Eds.), Experiencing the New World of Work (pp. 157–177). Cambridge University Press.
  • Buhalis, D. (2010). eTourism: Information Technologies for Strategic Tourism Management. Pearson (Financial Times/Prentice Hall).
  • Chevtaeva, E. (2021). Coworking and Coliving: The Attraction for Digital Nomad Tourists. In Q. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 202–209). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_17
  • Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the Contract: Digital Nomads and the State. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), 304-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120172
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Çelik Varol, M., & Varol, E. (2020). Postmodern Tüketime Postmodern Bir Yanıt: Paylaşım Ekonomisi. Asya Studies, 4(12), 128–141.
  • Eriksen, T. H., & Schober, E. (2016). Identity Destabilised: Living in an Overheated World. Pluto Press.
  • Forlano, L. (2008). Working on the Move: The Social and Digital Ecologies of Mobile Work Places. In D. Hislop (Ed.), Mobility and Technology in the Workplace. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354
  • Frey, T. (2013). The Great Freelancer Movement: Eight Reasons Why Your Next Job Will Be a Project. Journal of Environmental Health, 76(5), 46.
  • Germann Molz, J., & Paris, C. M. (2015). The Social Affordances of Flashpacking: Exploring the Mobility Nexus of Travel and Communication. Mobilities, 10(2), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848605
  • Haking, J. (2018). Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A Field Study in Bali. KTH Royal Instute of Technology.
  • Hang, M., & Van Weezel, A. (2007). Media and Entrepreneurship: A Survey of the Literature Relating Both Concepts. Journal of Media Business Studies, 4(1), 51-70.
  • Hermann, I., & Paris, C. M. (2020). Digital Nomadism: the Nexus of Remote Working and Travel Mobility. Information Technology and Tourism 22(3), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00188-w
  • Hojeghan, S. B., & Esfangareh, A. N. (2011). Digital Economy and Tourism Impacts, Influences and Challenges. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.136
  • İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Nomad Researches. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1121236
  • Johns, T., & Gratton, L. (2013). The Third Wave of Virtual Work. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 66-73.
  • Kannisto, P. (2014). Global Nomads: Challenges of Mobility in the Sedentary World [Doctoral Thesis]. Tilburg University.
  • Law, R., Chan, I. C. C., & Wang, L. (2018). A Comprehensive Review of Mobile Technology Use in Hospitality and Tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(6), 626–648.
  • MacRae, G. (2016). Community and Cosmopolitanism in the New Ubud. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.005
  • Makimoto, T., & Manners, D. (1997). Digital Nomad. Wiley.
  • Mancinelli, F. (2020). Digital Nomads: Freedom, Responsibility and the Neoliberal Order. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00174-2
  • Mansor M S. (2021). Price of the Digital Nomad Culture for Employer, Employee. ICR Journal, 12(2), 350-351. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.887
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCI.0b013e3181edd9b1
  • Milošević, J. (2020). Digital Nomads: A Cultural View [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Rijeka.
  • Mouratidis, G. (2018). Digital Nomads: Travel, Remote Work and Alternative Lifestyles. [Master Thesis]. University of Lund.
  • Naz, A. (2015). Interactive Living Space Design for Neo-Nomads: Anticipation Through Spatial Articulation. In M. Nadin (Ed.), Anticipation Across Disciplines, 29, 393-403. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22599-9_23
  • Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2016). Digital Work: A Research Agenda. In B. Czarniawska (Ed.), A Research Agenda for Management and Organization Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717025
  • Polson, E. (2019). The Aspirational Class “Mobility” of Digital Nomads. In E. Polson, L. Schofield Clark, & R. Gajjala (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Class (pp. 168–179). Routledge.
  • Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads - A Quest for Holistic Freedom in Work and Leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
  • Saura, J. R., Reyes-Menendez, A., & Palos-Sanchez, P. R. (2020). The Digital Tourism Business: A Systematic Review of Essential Digital Marketing Strategies and Trends. In J. D. Santos & Ó. L. Silva (Eds.), Digital Marketing Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality, and Airline Industries (pp. 1–22). IGI Global.
  • Schlagwein, D. (2018). “Escaping the Rat Race”: Justifications in Digital Nomadism. In 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018.
  • Schlagwein, D. (2019). The History of Digital Nomadism. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Changing Nature of Work (CNOW) (pp. 1-5).
  • Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel Araştırma Yöntem, Teknik, Analiz ve Yaklaşımları. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The Digital Nomad Lifestyle: (Remote) Work/Leisure Balance, Privilege, and Constructed Community. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(1–2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y
  • Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018). Digital Work and High-Tech Wanderers: Three Theoretical Framings and a Research Agenda for Digital Nomadism. In ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.5130/acis2018.bl
  • Busuttil, S. (2021). The Rise of the Digital Nomad. The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from 31/08/2022. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-rise-of-the-digital-nomad
  • Choudhury, P. (2022). How “Digital Nomad” Visas Can Boost Local Economies. Harward Business Review. Retrieved from 30/05/2022. https://hbr.org/2022/05/how-digital-nomad-visas-can-boost-local-economies
  • David, E. (2016). Digital Nomad Careers. Become Nomad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022. https://becomenomad.com/digital-nomad-careers/
  • Grider, C. (2022). 63 Surprising Digital Nomad Statistics in 2022. A Brother Abroad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022. https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics/
  • Kropp, R. (2018). Digital Nomads vs Remote Workers: Why You Need to Know the Difference. All Work. Retrieved 02/06/2022 from. https://allwork.space/2018/01/digital-nomads-vs-remote-workers-why-you-need-to-know-the-difference/
  • Schroeder, J. (2016). What Digital Nomads Know That You Don’t (Yet). Forbes. Retrieved from 09/02/2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/julesschroeder/2016/03/17/what-digital-nomads-know-that-you-dont-yet/?sh=4de1311f59a7
  • Todd, S. (2022). Why Social Media is a Valuable Tool for Digital Nomads. Open Sourced Workplace. Retrieved from 19/06/2022. https://opensourcedworkplace.com/news/why-social-media-is-a-valuable-tool-for-digital-nomads

Yeni Medya Çağında Dijital Göçebelik: 21. Yüzyılın Gezginleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2023, Issue: 41, 70 - 93, 30.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1300885

Abstract

Geleneksel iş modellerini ve yerleşik hayatı reddederek zamandan ve mekândan bağımsız hareket eden dijital göçebeler, yeni yerler, kültürler ve insanlar tanıma amacıyla sık seyahat eden ve tüm işlerini dijital olarak yürüten bireylerdir. Mevcut araştırma kapsamında dijital göçebe kavramına yönelik detaylı bir literatür incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiş ve araştırmaların sınırlı bir çerçevede ele alındıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı günümüzde giderek sayıları artan dijital göçebelere yönelik eğilimleri keşfetmenin yanı sıra topluluğun günümüz ve gelecekteki önemini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın önemini ise dijital göçebe olma motivasyonları, destinasyon tercih kriterleri, dijital göçebe olmanın avantajlı ve dezavantajları durumları ve dijital göçebelerin yeni medya ile etkileşimleri gibi farklı açılardan topluluğa dair eğilimleri keşfetmesi yönüyle alana özgün katkı sunması oluşturmaktadır. Nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı-yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme ve içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, nitel analiz yazılım programlarından biri olan MAXQDA aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgulara göre katılımcıların dijital göçebe kavramını zamansal, mekânsal ve finansal açıdan özgürlük olarak tanımladıkları ve dijital göçebeliğin ancak sürdürülebilir bir iş modeli ile uzun vadeli olabileceği gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

-

Thanks

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References

  • Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2019). Digital Tourism: Mobile Phones, Internet and Tourism in Africa. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(2), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1562662
  • Aguinis, H., & Lawal, S. O. (2013). ELancing: A Review and Research Agenda for Bridging the Science-Practice Gap. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.003
  • Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Shah, M. H., Madichie, N., Paul, J., & Choudrie, J. (2021). Keeping Customers’ Data Secure: A Cross-Cultural Study of Cybersecurity Compliance Among the Gen-Mobile Workforce. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106531
  • Aroles, J., Bonneau, C., & Bhankaraully, S. (2022). Conceptualising ‘Meta-Work’ in the Context of Continuous, Global Mobility: The Case of Digital Nomadism. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170211069797
  • Bilandzic, M., & Foth, M. (2013). Libraries as Coworking Spaces. Library Hi Tech, 31(2), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831311329040
  • Blatt, K., & Gallagher, J. (2013). Mobile Workforce: The Rise of the Mobilocracy. In P. Bruck & M. Rao (Eds.), Global mobile: Applications and Innovations for the Worldwide Mobile Ecosystem (pp 275-292). Information Today.
  • Bonneau, C., & Aroles, J. (2021). Digital nomads: A New Form of Leisure Class? In J. Aroles, F.-X. de Vaujany, & K. Dale (Eds.), Experiencing the New World of Work (pp. 157–177). Cambridge University Press.
  • Buhalis, D. (2010). eTourism: Information Technologies for Strategic Tourism Management. Pearson (Financial Times/Prentice Hall).
  • Chevtaeva, E. (2021). Coworking and Coliving: The Attraction for Digital Nomad Tourists. In Q. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J. L. Steinmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 202–209). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_17
  • Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the Contract: Digital Nomads and the State. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), 304-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X221120172
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Çelik Varol, M., & Varol, E. (2020). Postmodern Tüketime Postmodern Bir Yanıt: Paylaşım Ekonomisi. Asya Studies, 4(12), 128–141.
  • Eriksen, T. H., & Schober, E. (2016). Identity Destabilised: Living in an Overheated World. Pluto Press.
  • Forlano, L. (2008). Working on the Move: The Social and Digital Ecologies of Mobile Work Places. In D. Hislop (Ed.), Mobility and Technology in the Workplace. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203894354
  • Frey, T. (2013). The Great Freelancer Movement: Eight Reasons Why Your Next Job Will Be a Project. Journal of Environmental Health, 76(5), 46.
  • Germann Molz, J., & Paris, C. M. (2015). The Social Affordances of Flashpacking: Exploring the Mobility Nexus of Travel and Communication. Mobilities, 10(2), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848605
  • Haking, J. (2018). Digital Nomad Lifestyle : A Field Study in Bali. KTH Royal Instute of Technology.
  • Hang, M., & Van Weezel, A. (2007). Media and Entrepreneurship: A Survey of the Literature Relating Both Concepts. Journal of Media Business Studies, 4(1), 51-70.
  • Hermann, I., & Paris, C. M. (2020). Digital Nomadism: the Nexus of Remote Working and Travel Mobility. Information Technology and Tourism 22(3), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00188-w
  • Hojeghan, S. B., & Esfangareh, A. N. (2011). Digital Economy and Tourism Impacts, Influences and Challenges. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.136
  • İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2022). A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Nomad Researches. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1121236
  • Johns, T., & Gratton, L. (2013). The Third Wave of Virtual Work. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 66-73.
  • Kannisto, P. (2014). Global Nomads: Challenges of Mobility in the Sedentary World [Doctoral Thesis]. Tilburg University.
  • Law, R., Chan, I. C. C., & Wang, L. (2018). A Comprehensive Review of Mobile Technology Use in Hospitality and Tourism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(6), 626–648.
  • MacRae, G. (2016). Community and Cosmopolitanism in the New Ubud. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.03.005
  • Makimoto, T., & Manners, D. (1997). Digital Nomad. Wiley.
  • Mancinelli, F. (2020). Digital Nomads: Freedom, Responsibility and the Neoliberal Order. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00174-2
  • Mansor M S. (2021). Price of the Digital Nomad Culture for Employer, Employee. ICR Journal, 12(2), 350-351. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.887
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCI.0b013e3181edd9b1
  • Milošević, J. (2020). Digital Nomads: A Cultural View [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Rijeka.
  • Mouratidis, G. (2018). Digital Nomads: Travel, Remote Work and Alternative Lifestyles. [Master Thesis]. University of Lund.
  • Naz, A. (2015). Interactive Living Space Design for Neo-Nomads: Anticipation Through Spatial Articulation. In M. Nadin (Ed.), Anticipation Across Disciplines, 29, 393-403. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22599-9_23
  • Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2016). Digital Work: A Research Agenda. In B. Czarniawska (Ed.), A Research Agenda for Management and Organization Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717025
  • Polson, E. (2019). The Aspirational Class “Mobility” of Digital Nomads. In E. Polson, L. Schofield Clark, & R. Gajjala (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Class (pp. 168–179). Routledge.
  • Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads - A Quest for Holistic Freedom in Work and Leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
  • Saura, J. R., Reyes-Menendez, A., & Palos-Sanchez, P. R. (2020). The Digital Tourism Business: A Systematic Review of Essential Digital Marketing Strategies and Trends. In J. D. Santos & Ó. L. Silva (Eds.), Digital Marketing Strategies for Tourism, Hospitality, and Airline Industries (pp. 1–22). IGI Global.
  • Schlagwein, D. (2018). “Escaping the Rat Race”: Justifications in Digital Nomadism. In 26th European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change, ECIS 2018.
  • Schlagwein, D. (2019). The History of Digital Nomadism. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Changing Nature of Work (CNOW) (pp. 1-5).
  • Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel Araştırma Yöntem, Teknik, Analiz ve Yaklaşımları. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The Digital Nomad Lifestyle: (Remote) Work/Leisure Balance, Privilege, and Constructed Community. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(1–2), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y
  • Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018). Digital Work and High-Tech Wanderers: Three Theoretical Framings and a Research Agenda for Digital Nomadism. In ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.5130/acis2018.bl
  • Busuttil, S. (2021). The Rise of the Digital Nomad. The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from 31/08/2022. https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/the-rise-of-the-digital-nomad
  • Choudhury, P. (2022). How “Digital Nomad” Visas Can Boost Local Economies. Harward Business Review. Retrieved from 30/05/2022. https://hbr.org/2022/05/how-digital-nomad-visas-can-boost-local-economies
  • David, E. (2016). Digital Nomad Careers. Become Nomad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022. https://becomenomad.com/digital-nomad-careers/
  • Grider, C. (2022). 63 Surprising Digital Nomad Statistics in 2022. A Brother Abroad. Retrieved from 05/06/2022. https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics/
  • Kropp, R. (2018). Digital Nomads vs Remote Workers: Why You Need to Know the Difference. All Work. Retrieved 02/06/2022 from. https://allwork.space/2018/01/digital-nomads-vs-remote-workers-why-you-need-to-know-the-difference/
  • Schroeder, J. (2016). What Digital Nomads Know That You Don’t (Yet). Forbes. Retrieved from 09/02/2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/julesschroeder/2016/03/17/what-digital-nomads-know-that-you-dont-yet/?sh=4de1311f59a7
  • Todd, S. (2022). Why Social Media is a Valuable Tool for Digital Nomads. Open Sourced Workplace. Retrieved from 19/06/2022. https://opensourcedworkplace.com/news/why-social-media-is-a-valuable-tool-for-digital-nomads
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burak İli 0000-0003-2816-101X

Güven Necati Büyükbaykal 0000-0002-1494-2176

Project Number -
Publication Date August 30, 2023
Submission Date May 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 41

Cite

APA İli, B., & Büyükbaykal, G. N. (2023). Yeni Medya Çağında Dijital Göçebelik: 21. Yüzyılın Gezginleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(41), 70-93. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1300885