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Welfare State in the Perspective of Knowledge Society: Finland Model

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 48 - 75, 10.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887

Öz

Welfare State has spread around the world with application of Keynesian policies. Important
improvements happened in terms of social and economic development as well as the reduction of
class conflict in some regions after 1945s. This era, has been seen in North America and Europe and was taken as a model by some countries, is called Golden Age. Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland which are called Nordic Countries have adopted welfare state policies that are proper their characteristics. Finland, as a Nordic Country, was surviving with agriculture and forestry and poor one, is attracted attention both in achieving welfare state policies for 30-40 years which is very short time and as a model in welfare societies. While many welfare counties were compromising on welfare expanses in order to be able to compete with developed and developing countries in transition neoliberal policies after 1970s. Finland both has continued to apply welfare policies and became successful in transition knowledge society by acting and applying new regulations. In this study, whether knowledge society will meet the need of welfare society is to be investigated and then, as a model Finland will be examined.
  

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamson, Peter, Belonging in the Context of the Welfare State, Presentation to the international seminar ‘A Sense of Belonging in the Twenty-First Century: Lessons with a Global Perspective for and from Latin America and the Caribbean.’ CEPAL, Santiago de Chile, November 23rd and 24th 2009, pp. 1-16.
  • ALFRA, The Information Society Policy Guidelines for the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 2015, Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 2008, pp. 9. Altman, Christopher, “Converging Technologies: The Future of the Global Information Society”, United Nations International Student Conference, Amsterdam, pp. 1-18.
  • Atkinson, A.B., “The economics of the welfare state in today’s world”, Int Tax Public Finance (2008) 15: 5–17, Published online: 24 October 2007, © Springer Science+Business Media, 2008, pp.1-16.
  • Bangemann, Martin, Recommendations to the European Council Europe and the global information society, Bangemann report, http://web.archive.org/web/20000815080152/http://www.ispo.cec.be/infosoc/backg/bangeman.html, Çevrimiçi (08-08-2010)
  • Burkett, Ingrid, “Beyond the ‘information rich and poor’: futures understandings of inequality in globalising informational economies”, Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, Futures 32 (2000), pp. 679–694.
  • Castells, Manuel, Informationalism and the network society, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, p.17-18.
  • Castells, Manuel, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, End of Millenium, Blackwell Publishers, Volume III, 1998, p.337.
  • Castells, Manuel, The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, Blackwell Publishers. Volume I, Second Edition, 2010, pp.238-245.
  • Castells, Manuel and Pekka Himanen, The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 200 pages.
  • Castells, Manuel, Martin Ince, Manuel Castells’le Söyleşiler, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, Çev. Ebru Kılıç, 2004, 48
  • Doupi, Persephone, eHealth strategy and implementation activities in Finland, Report in the framework of the eHealth ERA project, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES), 2007, pp. 29.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta and Myles, John, “The Welfare State and Redistribution”, Working Documents, 2000.
  • Esping-Andersen, G., The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press Cambridge, 1990, p.2-33.
  • Euforia, The Knowledge Society in Finland:Current situation and future trends, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, 2004, pp 26.
  • Fellman, Susanna, Reino Hjerppe and Riitta Hjerppe, "Does a strong state create a welfare state? ‐ The case of Finland", Department of Economic and Political Studies, University of Helsinki, 2008.
  • Florida, Richard, The Future of the American Workforce in the Global Creative Economy, online 15/01/2008, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2006/06/04/richard-florida/the-future-of-theamerican-workforce-in-the-global-creative-economy/
  • Gurria, Angel, Launch of OECD’s 2014 Economic Survey of Finland, 12th February 2014, Helsinki,Finland.
  • Himanen, Pekka, Challenges Of The Global Information Society, Committee For The Future Parliament Of Finland, 2004, pp. 1-45
  • Himanen, Pekka, The Hacker Ethic, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, pp. 420-432.
  • Himanen, Pekka, Castells, Manuel, Institutional models of the network society: Silicon Valley and Finland, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, p. 3-49.
  • Himanen, Pekka, “The Nordic Model of the Information Society: The Finnish Case”, Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries, Edited by Olli Kangas and Joakim Palme, Palgrave Mac Millan, pp. 2005, 265-281.
  • Kettunen, Pauli, "The Nordic Welfare State in Finland", Scandinavian Journal of History, 26:3, 225-247.
  • Koray, Meryem, Avrupa Toplum Modeli Avrupalılaşabilir mi?, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları, Toker Dereli’ye Armağan, s.617.
  • Koray, Meryem, Avrupa Refah Devleti, Anlamı, Boyutları ve Geleceği, Görüş, 2003, pp. 60–69.
  • Kristensen,Jens Erik, “Corporate social responsibility and new social partnerships”, From collective bargaining to social partnerships: New roles of the social partners in Europe, Editors:
  • Carsten Kjærgaard, Discus and Sven-Åge Westphalen, The Copenhagen Centre Published by The Copenhagen Centre, Copenhagen 2001, p.32 (pp. 21-32)
  • Mark J. Stern and Susan C. Seifert, From Creative Economy to Creative Society, Creativity & Change, A collaboration of the Social Impact of the Arts Project and The Reinvestment Fund funded by The Rockefeller Foundation, January 2008
  • OECD, PISA 2012 Results İn Focus: What 15-Year-Olds Know And What They Can Do With What They Know, OECD, 2014, pp. 44.
  • OSF, Official Statistics of Finland (OSF), The Statistical Yearbook on Social Welfare and Health Care 2013, 2014, pp. 328.
  • Oiva Saarinen, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, Book Review of Manuel Castells and Pekka Himanen, The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 200 pages.
  • Özdemir, Suleyman, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Refah Devleti, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları, Genişletilmiş İkinci Baskı, 2007-57, pp. 509.
  • Palola, Elina and Rintala, Taina, “From Welfare States to Partnering Societies- The New Framework for Changing Welfare Societies”, A Discussion Paper for the ESPAnet Conference in Bremen, 2006.
  • Patomaki, Heikki, An Optical Illusion: The Finnish Model for the Information Age, Theory, Culture & Society, 2003 (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), Vol. 20(3): 139–145
  • Pyoria, Pasi, The Finnish Information Society: Progressive yet Vulnerable, The Finnish Economy and Society 19(2): 63-69, 2003.
  • Pyoria, Pasi, “Knowledge Workers in the Information Society: Evidence from Finland”, pp. 83-90, 2005.
  • Sahlberg, Pasi, "A short history of educational reform in Finland", Journal of Education Policy, 2009, pp. 147–171.
  • Sahlberg, Pasi, "Rethinking accountability in a knowledge society", J Educ Change (2010) 11:45–61.
  • Samuelson, Pamela, Five Challenges for Regulating the Global Information Society, Presentation given at a conference on Communications Regulation in the Global Information Society, University of Warwick, 1999, June
  • Şenkal, Abdülkadir, Sarıipek, Doğa Başar, “Avrupa Birliği’nin Karşılaştırmalı Refah Modelleri ve Sosyal Politikada Devletin Değişen Rolü”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (14) 2007 / 2, ss. 146-175.
  • http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_sosiaaliturva_en.html, Çevrimiçi: (15-08-2010)
  • Teow, Yong Jing, Women in Work – Nordic countries lead the way for gender equality, The Gender Agenda, 19 March 2014.
  • The Economist, Entrepreneurs If in doubt, innovate, The Nordic region is becoming a hothouse of entrepreneurship, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report, 2013.
  • Valkonen, Tarmo, Vihriala, Vesa, The Nordic model – challenged but capable of reform, Nordic Council of Ministers 2014, p. 366.
  • WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013: Country Profile Highlights, World Economic Reform, 2012, pp. 17.
  • WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, Data Edition is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, Full Edition, 2014, 569.

Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 48 - 75, 10.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887

Öz

Refah devleti Keynesyen politikaların uygulanması ile Dünya üzerinde yayılmış ve 1945 sonrasında belli bölgelerde sınıf çatışmasında azalma ile beraber, sosyal ve ekonomik alanlarda önemli ilerlemeler olmuştur. Altın çağ olarak da nitelendirilen bu dönem, özellikle Kuzey Amerika ve
Avrupa’da kendini göstermiş ve bazı ülkeler tarafından model olarak alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
İskandinav ülkeleri olarak nitelenen İsveç, Norveç, Danimarka ve Finlandiya ise kendilerine özgü
politikalar oluşturarak refah devleti politikalarını benimsemişlerdir. Bunların içinde tarım ve
ormancılık ekonomisi ile hayatta kalan ve fakir bir ülke olan Finlandiya’nın hem refah devleti
uygulamalarını 30-40 yıl öncesinden kısa zamanda hayata geçirmesi hem de refah toplumunda örnek bir ülke olması dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Birçok refah devleti, 1970’li yıllardan sonraki neo-liberal politikalara geçiş sürecinde rekabet etme bahanesiyle refah devleti uygulamalarından taviz verirken, Finlandiya hem refah politikalarını uygulamaya devam etmiş, hem de yapılan düzenlemelerle bilgi toplumuna geçişte başarılı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bilgi toplumunun refah toplumunun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayıp karşılayamayacağına dair olan soru işaretlerine cevap bulmaya çalışırken, Finlandiya örneği incelenecektir.
  

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamson, Peter, Belonging in the Context of the Welfare State, Presentation to the international seminar ‘A Sense of Belonging in the Twenty-First Century: Lessons with a Global Perspective for and from Latin America and the Caribbean.’ CEPAL, Santiago de Chile, November 23rd and 24th 2009, pp. 1-16.
  • ALFRA, The Information Society Policy Guidelines for the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 2015, Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 2008, pp. 9. Altman, Christopher, “Converging Technologies: The Future of the Global Information Society”, United Nations International Student Conference, Amsterdam, pp. 1-18.
  • Atkinson, A.B., “The economics of the welfare state in today’s world”, Int Tax Public Finance (2008) 15: 5–17, Published online: 24 October 2007, © Springer Science+Business Media, 2008, pp.1-16.
  • Bangemann, Martin, Recommendations to the European Council Europe and the global information society, Bangemann report, http://web.archive.org/web/20000815080152/http://www.ispo.cec.be/infosoc/backg/bangeman.html, Çevrimiçi (08-08-2010)
  • Burkett, Ingrid, “Beyond the ‘information rich and poor’: futures understandings of inequality in globalising informational economies”, Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, Futures 32 (2000), pp. 679–694.
  • Castells, Manuel, Informationalism and the network society, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, p.17-18.
  • Castells, Manuel, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, End of Millenium, Blackwell Publishers, Volume III, 1998, p.337.
  • Castells, Manuel, The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, Blackwell Publishers. Volume I, Second Edition, 2010, pp.238-245.
  • Castells, Manuel and Pekka Himanen, The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 200 pages.
  • Castells, Manuel, Martin Ince, Manuel Castells’le Söyleşiler, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, Çev. Ebru Kılıç, 2004, 48
  • Doupi, Persephone, eHealth strategy and implementation activities in Finland, Report in the framework of the eHealth ERA project, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES), 2007, pp. 29.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gosta and Myles, John, “The Welfare State and Redistribution”, Working Documents, 2000.
  • Esping-Andersen, G., The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Polity Press Cambridge, 1990, p.2-33.
  • Euforia, The Knowledge Society in Finland:Current situation and future trends, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin, 2004, pp 26.
  • Fellman, Susanna, Reino Hjerppe and Riitta Hjerppe, "Does a strong state create a welfare state? ‐ The case of Finland", Department of Economic and Political Studies, University of Helsinki, 2008.
  • Florida, Richard, The Future of the American Workforce in the Global Creative Economy, online 15/01/2008, http://www.cato-unbound.org/2006/06/04/richard-florida/the-future-of-theamerican-workforce-in-the-global-creative-economy/
  • Gurria, Angel, Launch of OECD’s 2014 Economic Survey of Finland, 12th February 2014, Helsinki,Finland.
  • Himanen, Pekka, Challenges Of The Global Information Society, Committee For The Future Parliament Of Finland, 2004, pp. 1-45
  • Himanen, Pekka, The Hacker Ethic, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, pp. 420-432.
  • Himanen, Pekka, Castells, Manuel, Institutional models of the network society: Silicon Valley and Finland, The Network Society A Cross-cultural Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004, p. 3-49.
  • Himanen, Pekka, “The Nordic Model of the Information Society: The Finnish Case”, Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries, Edited by Olli Kangas and Joakim Palme, Palgrave Mac Millan, pp. 2005, 265-281.
  • Kettunen, Pauli, "The Nordic Welfare State in Finland", Scandinavian Journal of History, 26:3, 225-247.
  • Koray, Meryem, Avrupa Toplum Modeli Avrupalılaşabilir mi?, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları, Toker Dereli’ye Armağan, s.617.
  • Koray, Meryem, Avrupa Refah Devleti, Anlamı, Boyutları ve Geleceği, Görüş, 2003, pp. 60–69.
  • Kristensen,Jens Erik, “Corporate social responsibility and new social partnerships”, From collective bargaining to social partnerships: New roles of the social partners in Europe, Editors:
  • Carsten Kjærgaard, Discus and Sven-Åge Westphalen, The Copenhagen Centre Published by The Copenhagen Centre, Copenhagen 2001, p.32 (pp. 21-32)
  • Mark J. Stern and Susan C. Seifert, From Creative Economy to Creative Society, Creativity & Change, A collaboration of the Social Impact of the Arts Project and The Reinvestment Fund funded by The Rockefeller Foundation, January 2008
  • OECD, PISA 2012 Results İn Focus: What 15-Year-Olds Know And What They Can Do With What They Know, OECD, 2014, pp. 44.
  • OSF, Official Statistics of Finland (OSF), The Statistical Yearbook on Social Welfare and Health Care 2013, 2014, pp. 328.
  • Oiva Saarinen, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, Book Review of Manuel Castells and Pekka Himanen, The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 200 pages.
  • Özdemir, Suleyman, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Refah Devleti, İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları, Genişletilmiş İkinci Baskı, 2007-57, pp. 509.
  • Palola, Elina and Rintala, Taina, “From Welfare States to Partnering Societies- The New Framework for Changing Welfare Societies”, A Discussion Paper for the ESPAnet Conference in Bremen, 2006.
  • Patomaki, Heikki, An Optical Illusion: The Finnish Model for the Information Age, Theory, Culture & Society, 2003 (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), Vol. 20(3): 139–145
  • Pyoria, Pasi, The Finnish Information Society: Progressive yet Vulnerable, The Finnish Economy and Society 19(2): 63-69, 2003.
  • Pyoria, Pasi, “Knowledge Workers in the Information Society: Evidence from Finland”, pp. 83-90, 2005.
  • Sahlberg, Pasi, "A short history of educational reform in Finland", Journal of Education Policy, 2009, pp. 147–171.
  • Sahlberg, Pasi, "Rethinking accountability in a knowledge society", J Educ Change (2010) 11:45–61.
  • Samuelson, Pamela, Five Challenges for Regulating the Global Information Society, Presentation given at a conference on Communications Regulation in the Global Information Society, University of Warwick, 1999, June
  • Şenkal, Abdülkadir, Sarıipek, Doğa Başar, “Avrupa Birliği’nin Karşılaştırmalı Refah Modelleri ve Sosyal Politikada Devletin Değişen Rolü”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (14) 2007 / 2, ss. 146-175.
  • http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_sosiaaliturva_en.html, Çevrimiçi: (15-08-2010)
  • Teow, Yong Jing, Women in Work – Nordic countries lead the way for gender equality, The Gender Agenda, 19 March 2014.
  • The Economist, Entrepreneurs If in doubt, innovate, The Nordic region is becoming a hothouse of entrepreneurship, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report, 2013.
  • Valkonen, Tarmo, Vihriala, Vesa, The Nordic model – challenged but capable of reform, Nordic Council of Ministers 2014, p. 366.
  • WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013: Country Profile Highlights, World Economic Reform, 2012, pp. 17.
  • WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, Data Edition is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of The Global Competitiveness and Benchmarking Network, Full Edition, 2014, 569.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Orhan Koçak

Ersin Kavi

Muharrem Es

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçak, O., Kavi, E., & Es, M. (2017). Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(13), 48-75. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887
AMA Koçak O, Kavi E, Es M. Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli. YSBD. Ağustos 2017;7(13):48-75. doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887
Chicago Koçak, Orhan, Ersin Kavi, ve Muharrem Es. “Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7, sy. 13 (Ağustos 2017): 48-75. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887.
EndNote Koçak O, Kavi E, Es M (01 Ağustos 2017) Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7 13 48–75.
IEEE O. Koçak, E. Kavi, ve M. Es, “Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli”, YSBD, c. 7, sy. 13, ss. 48–75, 2017, doi: 10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887.
ISNAD Koçak, Orhan vd. “Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7/13 (Ağustos 2017), 48-75. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887.
JAMA Koçak O, Kavi E, Es M. Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli. YSBD. 2017;7:48–75.
MLA Koçak, Orhan vd. “Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 13, 2017, ss. 48-75, doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.333887.
Vancouver Koçak O, Kavi E, Es M. Bilgi Toplumu Perspektifinde Refah Devleti: Finlandiya Modeli. YSBD. 2017;7(13):48-75.