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Öğretmenlerin Dijital Yeterliliklerinin Farklı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 111 - 129, 30.06.2023

Muhammed Murat Gümüş Volkan Kukul

https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1231192

Öz

Bu çalışma öğretmenlerin dijital yeterliliklerini farklı değişkenlere göre incelemektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmaya ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 695 öğretmen katılmıştır. Tarama modeli kullanılarak analiz edilen çalışmada Gümüş ve Kukul tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Dijital Yeterlilik Ölçeği (2022) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda dijital yeterlikler cinsiyet ve yaş aralığına göre farklılaşırken, okul türü ve yabancı dil seviyelerine göre herhangi bir farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir. Analizler genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, öğretmenlerin orta düzeyde dijital yeterliklere sahip olmalarına rağmen, pandemi döneminde yaşanan zorluklar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, orta düzeyde gözlemlenen öğretmenlerin dijital yeterliklerinin nihayetinde yetersiz olduğu ve öğretmenlerin bu konuda kendilerini geliştirmeleri gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Yeterlik Veri Okuryazarlığı Problem Çözme Dijital İçeirk Üretimi İletişim ve İşbirliği Etik

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Ş. (2022)Examination Of Teachers'digital Competencies In Context Of Some Variables. 9 Educational & Social Science Journal. (4), 268-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.3190
  • Ayaz, C. (2016). Examination of teachers' lifelong learning tendencies in terms of some variables. Master's thesis. Bartın University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Bartın.
  • Bakioğlu, B. and Çevik, M. (2020). Views of Science Teachers on Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Electronic Turkish Studies,15(4),109-129. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43502
  • Bejakovic, P. and Mrnjavac, Ž. (2020). The importance of digital literacy on the labour market. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(4), 921–932. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2019-0274
  • Bişirici, A., & Gülbahar, B. (2023). Investigating the Relationship Between Secondary School Teachers' Digital Competences and Their Attitudes Towards Information and Communication Technologies. Pearson Journal, 8(23), 102-122.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2020). The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic process and evaluations on education in the post-pandemic world: New normal and new education paradigm. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 6(3), 112-142.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. and Demirel, F. (2019). Data Analysis Handbook for Social Sciences (25th Edition). Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. and Demirel, F. (2018). Scientific Research Methods (24th Edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Casillas Martin, S., Cabezas Gonzalez, M. and Garcia Penalvo, F. J. (2020). Digital competence of early childhood education teachers: attitude, knowledge and use of ICT. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(2), 210-223.
  • Castro-Granados, A. and Artavia-Diaz, K. Y. (2020). Teaching digital skills: an initial approach. Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior, 11(1), 47-80. https://doi.org/10.22458/caes.v11i1.2932
  • Çebi, A. and Reisoğlu, İ. (2020). Digital Competence: A Study from the Perspective of Pre-service Teachers in Turkey. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research (NAER Journal), 9(2), 294-308.
  • Celebi, M. and Sevinç, S. (2019) Determination of teachers' perceptions of efficacy regarding 21st century skills and their level of use of these skills. 6th International Congress of Multidisciplinary Studies Educational Sciences (p.157-172). Gaziantep: Hasan Kalyoncu University.
  • Ceylan, V. and Gündoğdu, K. (2017). E-Content Development Skills of Teachers: An In-Service Training Experience. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 8 (15), 48-74.
  • Cosofret D. and Avram, E. R. (2020). Evaluation of the Maritime Higher Education didactic support during the coronavirus pandemic. Case Study. In The 15th International Conference on Virtual Learning ICVL (pp. 493-499).
  • Dias-Trindade, S. and Moreira, J. A. (2020). Assessment of high school teachers on their digital competences. MAGIS, Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 13, 1-21.
  • Drossel, K., Eickelmann, B. and Vennemann, M. (2020). Schools overcoming the digital divide: in depth analyses towards organizational resilience in the computer and information literacy domain. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 8(1), 1-19.
  • Durak, H. Y. and Tekin, S. (2020). Examination of teachers' lifelong learning competencies according to personal and professional variables. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 221-235.
  • Eleventh Development Plan, (2019). Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023). Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Strategy and Budget Department. http://www.sbb.gov.tr//wp-content/uploads/2019/07/On-Birinci-Kalkinma-Plani.pdf. It was obtained from the address on 25.05.2021.
  • Esteve-Mon, F., Llopis, M. and Adell-Segura, J. (2020). Digital Competence and Computational Thinking of Student Teachers. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(2), 29-41.
  • Eyo, M. (2016). Counselling implications of teachers’ digital competencies in the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in the teaching-learning process in Calabar, Nigeria. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1128134.
  • Fidan, M., & Yeleğen, H. C. (2022). Investigation of Teachers' Digital Competences in Terms of Various Variables and Digital Competence Needs. Journal of Aegean Education, 23(2), 150-170.
  • Gökbulut, B. (2021). Investigation of teachers' digital literacy levels and lifelong learning tendencies. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(3), 469-479.
  • Gökbulut, B., Keserci, G., & Akyüz, A. (2021). Digital material design competences of academicians and teachers working in the faculty of education. Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 4(1), 11-24.
  • Gokmen, O., Akgun, O. and Kartal, F. (2014). Teachers' Views on Interactive Boards and In-Service Training Used in the Fatih Project. Journal of National Education, 44 (204), 42-62.
  • Guillen-Gamez, F. D., Mayorga-Fernandez, M. J., Bravo-Agapito, J. and Escribano-Ortiz, D. (2020). Analysis of teachers’ pedagogical digital competence: Identification of factors predicting their acquisition. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-18.
  • Gümüş, M. M., & Kukul, V. (2022). Developing a digital competence scale for teachers: validity and reliability study. Education and Information Technologies, 2747-2765. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10639-022-11213-2
  • Instefjord, E. J. and Munthe, E. (2017). Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education, 67, 37-45.
  • International Society for Technology Education (ISTE) (2017). ISTE Standards For Educators. Obtained from https://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators on 23.08.2020.
  • Joshi, A., Vinay, M. and Bhaskar, P. (2020). Impact of coronavirus pandemic on the Indian education sector: perspectives of teachers on online teaching and assessments. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 205-226. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/itse-06-2020-0087
  • Karakuş, G., & Gürbüz, O. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık öz-yeterlilik becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 129-147.
  • Kavuk, E. and Demirtaş, H. (2021). The Challenges Teachers Experience in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process. E-International Journal of Pedandragogy, 1(1), 55-73.
  • Kayhan, O. (2022). Understanding Teachers’ Classroom Management Anxiety: The Role of Educational Technology Usage in Classrooms. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 51-64. https://doi.org/ 10.51535/tell.1148725
  • Kelentric M., Marijana, Helland K., and Arstorp A. T. 2017. Professional Digital Competence Framework for Teachers. Tromso: The Norwegian Center for ICT in Education. Retrieved 30.05.2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321796285_Professional_Digital_Competence_Framework_for_Teachers_in_Norway.
  • Keskin, İ. ve Yazar, T. (2015). Öğretmenlerin yirmi birinci yüzyıl becerileri ışığında ve yaşam boyu öğrenme bağlamında dijital yeterliliklerinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 1691-1711.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. , Kutlu, A. Ö. & Yavuz, Ş. (2022). Trends in 'Technology Leadership' Research in Education: Scoping Review . Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(1) , 12-33 . https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1088511
  • Lucas, M., Bem-Haja, P., Siddiq, F., Moreira, A., & Redecker, C. (2021). The relation between in-service teachers' digital competence and personal and contextual factors: What matters most?. Computers & Education, 160, 104052.
  • Matli, W. and Ngoepe, M. (2020). Capitalizing on digital literacy skills for capacity development of people who are not in education, employment or training in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(2), 129-139.
  • McGarr, O., Mifsud, L. and Colomer Rubio, J. C. (2021). Digital competence in teacher education: comparing national policies in Norway, Ireland and Spain. Learning, Media and Technology, 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17439884.2021.1913182
  • Napal Fraile, M., Penalva-Velez, A. and Mendioroz Lacambra, A. M. (2018). Development of digital competence in secondary education teachers’ training. Education Sciences, 8(3), 104.
  • Pihlainen, K., Korjonen-Kuusipuro, K., & Kärnä, E. (2021). Perceived benefits from non-formal digital training sessions in later life: views of older adult learners, peer tutors, and teachers. International journal of lifelong education, 40(2), 155-169.
  • Radovanovic, D., Holst, C., Belur, S. B., Srivastava, R., Houngbonon, G. V., Le Quentrec, E., Miliza J., Winkler A.S, and Noll, J. (2020). Digital literacy key performance indicators for sustainable development. Social Inclusion, 8(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/ 10.17645/si.v8i2.2587
  • Rokenes, F. M. and Krumsvik, R. J. (2016). Prepared to teach ESL with ICT? A study of digital competence in Norwegian teacher education. Computers & Education, 97, 1-20.
  • Silver, M.M. (2021). Digital Competencies of Teachers. Unpublished master's thesis. Amasya University Institute of Science and Technology, Amasya.
  • Statista (2020), Global Digital Population. Obtained from https://www.statista.com/statistics on 19.08.2020. Taspinar, M. (2017). SPSS applied quantitative data analysis in social sciences. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Turker, A. and Dundar, E. (2020). Opinions of High School Teachers on Distance Education Conducted over the Education Information Network (EBA) during the Covid-19 Pandemic Process. Journal of National Education, 49(1), 323-342.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2019). Information Society Statistics. Obtained from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ on 19.08.2020.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2018). UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265721 on 23.08.2020.
  • Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez S. and Van den Brande, G. (2016). Dig.Comp. 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: The Conceptual Reference Model. Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union. EUR 27948 EN.
  • We Are Social (WAS) (2020). Digital Around The World In 2020. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020 on 19.08.2020.
  • Yavuz Konokman, G., & Yanpar Yelken, T. (2014). Eğitim fakültesi öğretim elemanlarının yaşam boyu öğrenme yeterliklerine ilişkin algıları. Hacettepe University Journal of Education. 29(2), 267-281.
  • Yılmaz, E. O. & Toker, T. (2022). Covıd-19 Salgını Öğretmenlerin Dijital Yeterliliklerini Nasıl Etkiledi? Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51 (235) , 2713-2730 . https://doi.org/ 10.37669/milliegitim.896996

Examination of Digital Competences of Teachers According To Different Variables

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 111 - 129, 30.06.2023

Muhammed Murat Gümüş Volkan Kukul

https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1231192

Öz

This study examines the digital competence of teachers according to different variables. In this direction, 695 teachers working in primary, secondary, and high schools participated in the study. The Teacher Digital Competence Scale (2022), developed by Gümüş and Kukul, was used in the study analyzed using the scanning model. In line with the results obtained in the study, while digital competencies differ according to gender, and age range, no difference was observed according to school type, and foreign language levels. On the general evaluation of the analyses, it is thought that although the teachers have medium-level digital competences, considering the difficulties experienced during the pandemic period, the digital competences of the teachers observed at the medium level are eventually insufficient and the teachers should develop themselves in this regard.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Competence Teacher Data Literacy Problem Solving Digital Content Production Communication and Cooperation Ethical.

Kaynakça

  • Aktaş, Ş. (2022)Examination Of Teachers'digital Competencies In Context Of Some Variables. 9 Educational & Social Science Journal. (4), 268-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.3190
  • Ayaz, C. (2016). Examination of teachers' lifelong learning tendencies in terms of some variables. Master's thesis. Bartın University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Bartın.
  • Bakioğlu, B. and Çevik, M. (2020). Views of Science Teachers on Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Electronic Turkish Studies,15(4),109-129. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43502
  • Bejakovic, P. and Mrnjavac, Ž. (2020). The importance of digital literacy on the labour market. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(4), 921–932. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2019-0274
  • Bişirici, A., & Gülbahar, B. (2023). Investigating the Relationship Between Secondary School Teachers' Digital Competences and Their Attitudes Towards Information and Communication Technologies. Pearson Journal, 8(23), 102-122.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2020). The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic process and evaluations on education in the post-pandemic world: New normal and new education paradigm. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 6(3), 112-142.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. and Demirel, F. (2019). Data Analysis Handbook for Social Sciences (25th Edition). Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. and Demirel, F. (2018). Scientific Research Methods (24th Edition). Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
  • Casillas Martin, S., Cabezas Gonzalez, M. and Garcia Penalvo, F. J. (2020). Digital competence of early childhood education teachers: attitude, knowledge and use of ICT. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(2), 210-223.
  • Castro-Granados, A. and Artavia-Diaz, K. Y. (2020). Teaching digital skills: an initial approach. Revista Electrónica Calidad en la Educación Superior, 11(1), 47-80. https://doi.org/10.22458/caes.v11i1.2932
  • Çebi, A. and Reisoğlu, İ. (2020). Digital Competence: A Study from the Perspective of Pre-service Teachers in Turkey. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research (NAER Journal), 9(2), 294-308.
  • Celebi, M. and Sevinç, S. (2019) Determination of teachers' perceptions of efficacy regarding 21st century skills and their level of use of these skills. 6th International Congress of Multidisciplinary Studies Educational Sciences (p.157-172). Gaziantep: Hasan Kalyoncu University.
  • Ceylan, V. and Gündoğdu, K. (2017). E-Content Development Skills of Teachers: An In-Service Training Experience. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 8 (15), 48-74.
  • Cosofret D. and Avram, E. R. (2020). Evaluation of the Maritime Higher Education didactic support during the coronavirus pandemic. Case Study. In The 15th International Conference on Virtual Learning ICVL (pp. 493-499).
  • Dias-Trindade, S. and Moreira, J. A. (2020). Assessment of high school teachers on their digital competences. MAGIS, Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 13, 1-21.
  • Drossel, K., Eickelmann, B. and Vennemann, M. (2020). Schools overcoming the digital divide: in depth analyses towards organizational resilience in the computer and information literacy domain. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 8(1), 1-19.
  • Durak, H. Y. and Tekin, S. (2020). Examination of teachers' lifelong learning competencies according to personal and professional variables. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 20(1), 221-235.
  • Eleventh Development Plan, (2019). Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023). Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Strategy and Budget Department. http://www.sbb.gov.tr//wp-content/uploads/2019/07/On-Birinci-Kalkinma-Plani.pdf. It was obtained from the address on 25.05.2021.
  • Esteve-Mon, F., Llopis, M. and Adell-Segura, J. (2020). Digital Competence and Computational Thinking of Student Teachers. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(2), 29-41.
  • Eyo, M. (2016). Counselling implications of teachers’ digital competencies in the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in the teaching-learning process in Calabar, Nigeria. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1128134.
  • Fidan, M., & Yeleğen, H. C. (2022). Investigation of Teachers' Digital Competences in Terms of Various Variables and Digital Competence Needs. Journal of Aegean Education, 23(2), 150-170.
  • Gökbulut, B. (2021). Investigation of teachers' digital literacy levels and lifelong learning tendencies. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(3), 469-479.
  • Gökbulut, B., Keserci, G., & Akyüz, A. (2021). Digital material design competences of academicians and teachers working in the faculty of education. Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 4(1), 11-24.
  • Gokmen, O., Akgun, O. and Kartal, F. (2014). Teachers' Views on Interactive Boards and In-Service Training Used in the Fatih Project. Journal of National Education, 44 (204), 42-62.
  • Guillen-Gamez, F. D., Mayorga-Fernandez, M. J., Bravo-Agapito, J. and Escribano-Ortiz, D. (2020). Analysis of teachers’ pedagogical digital competence: Identification of factors predicting their acquisition. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-18.
  • Gümüş, M. M., & Kukul, V. (2022). Developing a digital competence scale for teachers: validity and reliability study. Education and Information Technologies, 2747-2765. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10639-022-11213-2
  • Instefjord, E. J. and Munthe, E. (2017). Educating digitally competent teachers: A study of integration of professional digital competence in teacher education. Teaching and teacher education, 67, 37-45.
  • International Society for Technology Education (ISTE) (2017). ISTE Standards For Educators. Obtained from https://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators on 23.08.2020.
  • Joshi, A., Vinay, M. and Bhaskar, P. (2020). Impact of coronavirus pandemic on the Indian education sector: perspectives of teachers on online teaching and assessments. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 205-226. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/itse-06-2020-0087
  • Karakuş, G., & Gürbüz, O. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık öz-yeterlilik becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 129-147.
  • Kavuk, E. and Demirtaş, H. (2021). The Challenges Teachers Experience in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process. E-International Journal of Pedandragogy, 1(1), 55-73.
  • Kayhan, O. (2022). Understanding Teachers’ Classroom Management Anxiety: The Role of Educational Technology Usage in Classrooms. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(2), 51-64. https://doi.org/ 10.51535/tell.1148725
  • Kelentric M., Marijana, Helland K., and Arstorp A. T. 2017. Professional Digital Competence Framework for Teachers. Tromso: The Norwegian Center for ICT in Education. Retrieved 30.05.2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321796285_Professional_Digital_Competence_Framework_for_Teachers_in_Norway.
  • Keskin, İ. ve Yazar, T. (2015). Öğretmenlerin yirmi birinci yüzyıl becerileri ışığında ve yaşam boyu öğrenme bağlamında dijital yeterliliklerinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 1691-1711.
  • Korkmaz, Ö. , Kutlu, A. Ö. & Yavuz, Ş. (2022). Trends in 'Technology Leadership' Research in Education: Scoping Review . Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 4(1) , 12-33 . https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1088511
  • Lucas, M., Bem-Haja, P., Siddiq, F., Moreira, A., & Redecker, C. (2021). The relation between in-service teachers' digital competence and personal and contextual factors: What matters most?. Computers & Education, 160, 104052.
  • Matli, W. and Ngoepe, M. (2020). Capitalizing on digital literacy skills for capacity development of people who are not in education, employment or training in South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 12(2), 129-139.
  • McGarr, O., Mifsud, L. and Colomer Rubio, J. C. (2021). Digital competence in teacher education: comparing national policies in Norway, Ireland and Spain. Learning, Media and Technology, 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17439884.2021.1913182
  • Napal Fraile, M., Penalva-Velez, A. and Mendioroz Lacambra, A. M. (2018). Development of digital competence in secondary education teachers’ training. Education Sciences, 8(3), 104.
  • Pihlainen, K., Korjonen-Kuusipuro, K., & Kärnä, E. (2021). Perceived benefits from non-formal digital training sessions in later life: views of older adult learners, peer tutors, and teachers. International journal of lifelong education, 40(2), 155-169.
  • Radovanovic, D., Holst, C., Belur, S. B., Srivastava, R., Houngbonon, G. V., Le Quentrec, E., Miliza J., Winkler A.S, and Noll, J. (2020). Digital literacy key performance indicators for sustainable development. Social Inclusion, 8(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/ 10.17645/si.v8i2.2587
  • Rokenes, F. M. and Krumsvik, R. J. (2016). Prepared to teach ESL with ICT? A study of digital competence in Norwegian teacher education. Computers & Education, 97, 1-20.
  • Silver, M.M. (2021). Digital Competencies of Teachers. Unpublished master's thesis. Amasya University Institute of Science and Technology, Amasya.
  • Statista (2020), Global Digital Population. Obtained from https://www.statista.com/statistics on 19.08.2020. Taspinar, M. (2017). SPSS applied quantitative data analysis in social sciences. Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Turker, A. and Dundar, E. (2020). Opinions of High School Teachers on Distance Education Conducted over the Education Information Network (EBA) during the Covid-19 Pandemic Process. Journal of National Education, 49(1), 323-342.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2019). Information Society Statistics. Obtained from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ on 19.08.2020.
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2018). UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265721 on 23.08.2020.
  • Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez S. and Van den Brande, G. (2016). Dig.Comp. 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: The Conceptual Reference Model. Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union. EUR 27948 EN.
  • We Are Social (WAS) (2020). Digital Around The World In 2020. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020 on 19.08.2020.
  • Yavuz Konokman, G., & Yanpar Yelken, T. (2014). Eğitim fakültesi öğretim elemanlarının yaşam boyu öğrenme yeterliklerine ilişkin algıları. Hacettepe University Journal of Education. 29(2), 267-281.
  • Yılmaz, E. O. & Toker, T. (2022). Covıd-19 Salgını Öğretmenlerin Dijital Yeterliliklerini Nasıl Etkiledi? Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 51 (235) , 2713-2730 . https://doi.org/ 10.37669/milliegitim.896996
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Muhammed Murat Gümüş 0000-0002-3677-8928

Volkan Kukul 0000-0002-9546-3790

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 1 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gümüş, M. M., & Kukul, V. (2023). Examination of Digital Competences of Teachers According To Different Variables. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 5(1), 111-129. https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1231192
 Kapak Resmi İndir

2617220107