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RECOGNIZE BOWEN: FAMILY SYSTEMS APPROACH AT THE BASIC LEVEL

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 47, 287 - 313, 02.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.508699

Öz

The characteristics,
problems, and needs of the family institution vary according to the social
structure of the society. The basic principles and values that make family life
healthy also make human life healthy and meaningful. According to the systems approach,
the family is defined as a complex structure composed of individuals who share
a common past, have emotional ties, and plan strategies to meet the needs of
individual family members and the whole family. In order to strengthen the
family's interaction pattern, other systems and sub-systems, family counselling
in social work practices started to be addressed as an important topic. In the
following years, Jay Haley, Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker,
Murray Bowen, and Nathan Ackerman were particularly effective in family
counselling. Nowadays, the theories and approaches used in family counselling
within the scope of social work practices vary. Considering the sensitivity of
studying the family, this review aims to introduce Murray Bowen to social
workers by recalling “Bowen's Family Systems Approach,” which is widely used
nowadays and of which strong aspects have been proved, with its basic
components. Bowen has two important contributions to family counselling. With
his first contribution, Bowen is referred to as the first person to implement “Family Group Counselling.” With his
other contribution, Bowen manages to intervene in problems at the present time
while focusing on more intergenerational issues with an emphasis on the
family's history. Bowen has been influenced by events in his own past,
especially because of the difficulties he had in his family. Therefore, his
personal situation has had a great influence on his approach.

Kaynakça

  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Brown, J. (1999). Bowen family systems theory and practice: Illustration and critique. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 20(2), 94-103.
  • Carr, A. (2000). Family Therapy: Concepts, Process and Practice. New York: Wiley.
  • Chen, E., Bloomberg, G. R., Fisher Jr, E. B., Strunk, R. C. (2003). Predictors of repeat hospitalization in children with asthma: The role of psychosocial and socioenvironmental factors. Health Psychology, 22(1), 12-18.
  • Cook, L. (2007). CE FEATURE: Perceived Conflict, Sibling Position, Cut-Off, and Multigenerational Transmission in the Family of Origin of Chemically Dependent Persons: An Application of Bowen Family Systems Theory. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 18(3), 131-140.
  • Corsini, J. R., Wedding, D. (2012). Modern Psikoterapiler (Birinci basım). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Day, H. D., St Clair, S. A., Marshall, D. D. (1997). Do people who marry really have the same level of differentiation of self?. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(1), 131-135.
  • Ecke, Y., Chope, R. C., Emmelkamp, P. M. (2006). Bowlby and Bowen: Attachment Theory and Family Therapy. Counseling & Clinical Psychology Journal, 3(2), 81-108.
  • Friedlander, M. L. (2001). Family therapy research: Science into practice, practice into science. İçinde: M. P. Nichols ve R. C. Schwartz (Eds.). Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods (ss. 485-521). Boston: Ally & Bacon.
  • Greene, G. J., Mabee, T. F. (1992). Differantation of self and martial adjustment of clinical and nonclinical spouses. İçinde: B. J. Brothers (Ed.). Couples Therapy Multiple Perspectives: In Search of Universal Threads (ss. 133-151). New York: Haworth Press.
  • Goldenberg, H., Goldenberg, I. (2012). Family Therapy: An Overview. USA: Brooks/Cole Cengage learning.
  • Gurman, A. S., Kniskern, D. P. (1981). Handbook of Family Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Haefner, J. (2014). An application of Bowen family systems theory. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(11), 835-841.
  • Harvey, D. M., Curry, C. J., Bray, J. H. (1991). Individuation and intimacy in intergenerational relationships and health: Patterns across two generations. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(2), 204-236.
  • Isserman, N., Greene, R. R., Bowen, S. P., Hollander-Goldfein, B., Cohen, H. (2014). Intergenerational families of Holocaust survivors: Designing and piloting a family resilience template. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 11(3), 256-268.
  • Jankowski, P. J., Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self: A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(3), 226-243.
  • Johnson, P., Buboltz, W. C. (2000). Differentiation of self and psychological reactance. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22(1), 91-102.
  • Kerr, M. E. (1981). Family system theory and therapy. İçinde: A. S. Gurman, D. P. Kniskern (Eds.). Handbook of Family Therapy (ss. 226-264). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Kerr, M. E. (2008). Why do siblings often turn out very differently? In A. Fogel, B. J. King, S. G. Shanker (Eds.). Human Development in the Twenty First Century (ss. 206-215). London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kerr, M. E., Bowen, M. (1988). Family Evaluation. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Kesici, Ş., İlgün, E., Mert, A., Büyükbayraktar, C. G. (2013). Aile Terapisinde Kullanılan Teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Knauth, D. G. (2003). Family secrets: An illustrative clinical case study guided by Bowen family systems theory. Journal of Family Nursing, 9(3), 331-344.
  • Knauth, D. G., Skowron, E. A., Escobar, M. (2006). Effect of differentiation of self on adolescent risk behavior: Test of the theoretical model. Nursing Research, 55(5), 336-345.
  • Kosek, R. B. (1998). Self-differentiation within couples. Psychological Reports, 83(1), 275-279.
  • Lebow, J. L. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of Clinical Family Therapy. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • MacKay, L. (2012). Trauma and Bowen family systems theory: Working with adults who were abused as children. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 33(3), 232-241.
  • Miller, R. B., Anderson, S., Keals, D. K. (2004). Is Bowen theory valid? A review of basic research. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(4), 453-466.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2007). Family system theory. İçinde: A. B. Rochlen (Ed.). Applying Counselling Theories: An Online Case Based Approach (ss. 209-224). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2012). Psikolojik Danışma ve Psikoterapi Kuramları: Olgu Sunumu Yaklaşımıyla (2. Basımdan çeviri - F. Akkoyun, Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Murdock, N. L., Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.
  • Murray Jr, T. L., Murray, C. E., Daniels, M. H. (2007). Stress and family relationship functioning as indicators of the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms: A regression analysis. Stress and Health, 23(1), 3-8.
  • Nichols, M. P. (2013). Aile Terapisi: Kavramlar ve Yöntemler (Birinci basımdan Çeviri - O. Gündüz, Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Papero, D. V. (2014). Assisting the two‐person system: An approach based on the Bowen theory. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 35(4), 386-397.
  • Perosa, S. L., Perosa, L. M. (1993). Relationships among Minuchin's structural family model, identity achievement, and coping style. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(4), 479-489.
  • Rootes, K. M. H., Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J. (2010). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: Exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32(2), 89-101.
  • Sauerheber, J. D., Nims, D., Carter, D. J. (2014). Counseling Muslim couples from a Bowen family systems perspective. The Family Journal, 22(2), 231-239.
  • Tuason, M. T., Friedlander, M. L. (2000). Do parents' differentiation levels predict those of their adult children? and other tests of Bowen theory in a Philippine sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 27-35.
  • Walsh, J., Harrigan, M. (2003). The termination stage in bowen's family systems theory. Clinical Social Work Journal, 31(4), 383-394.
  • Wright, J. (2009). Self-soothing – a recursive intrapsychic and relational process: The contribution of the Bowen theory to the process of self-soothing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 30(1), 29-41.
  • Ziegler, S. M. (Ed.). (2005). Theory-Directed Nursing Practice (2nd edition). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN'IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 47, 287 - 313, 02.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.508699

Öz

Aile kurumunun nitelikleri, sorunları ve
ihtiyaçları, içinde bulunduğu toplumun sosyal yapısına göre farklılıklar
göstermektedir. Aile hayatını sağlıklı kılan temel ilke ve değerler, insanın
hayatını da sağlıklı ve anlamlı kılar. Sistem yaklaşımına göre aile bir geçmişi
paylaşan, duygusal bağı olan, bireysel aile üyelerinin ve ailenin bütününün
ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için stratejiler planlayan bireylerden oluşmuş karmaşık
bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ailenin sahip olduğu etkileşim örüntüsünü, diğer
sistemleri ve alt sistemleri güçlendirmek amacıyla sosyal hizmet
uygulamalarında aile danışmalığı konusu önemli bir başlık olarak ele alınmaya
başlamıştır. Sonraki yıllarda aile danışmanlığında özellikle Jay Haley,
Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker, Murray Bowen ve Nathan
Ackerman etkili olmuştur. Günümüzde, sosyal hizmet uygulamaları kapsamında aile
danışmanlığında kullanılan kuram ve yaklaşımlar çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Aile
ile çalışmanın hassasiyeti göz önüne alındığında bu derleme günümüzde yaygın
bir kullanım alanı bulan ve güçlü yönleri kanıtlanan “Bowen’ın Aile Sistemleri
Yaklaşımını” temel bileşenleri ile hatırlatarak Murray Bowen’ı sosyal hizmet
profesyonellerine tanıtma amacı taşımaktadır. Bowen’ın aile danışmanlığına iki
önemli katkısı bulunur. İlk katkısı ile Bowen “Aile Grup Danışmanlığını” ilk uygulayan kişi olarak anılacaktır. Diğer
katkısı ile Bowen ailenin tarihçesine vurgu yaparak daha çok kuşaklararası
konulara bakarken sorunlara şimdiki zamanda müdahale edebilmeyi başaracaktır. Bowen,
kendi geçmişindeki olaylardan, özellikle ailesiyle olan zorluklar sebebiyle
etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle, yaklaşımı üzerinde kendi kişisel durumunun büyük
etkisi olmuştur. 

Kaynakça

  • Bowen, M. (1978). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
  • Brown, J. (1999). Bowen family systems theory and practice: Illustration and critique. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 20(2), 94-103.
  • Carr, A. (2000). Family Therapy: Concepts, Process and Practice. New York: Wiley.
  • Chen, E., Bloomberg, G. R., Fisher Jr, E. B., Strunk, R. C. (2003). Predictors of repeat hospitalization in children with asthma: The role of psychosocial and socioenvironmental factors. Health Psychology, 22(1), 12-18.
  • Cook, L. (2007). CE FEATURE: Perceived Conflict, Sibling Position, Cut-Off, and Multigenerational Transmission in the Family of Origin of Chemically Dependent Persons: An Application of Bowen Family Systems Theory. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 18(3), 131-140.
  • Corsini, J. R., Wedding, D. (2012). Modern Psikoterapiler (Birinci basım). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Day, H. D., St Clair, S. A., Marshall, D. D. (1997). Do people who marry really have the same level of differentiation of self?. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(1), 131-135.
  • Ecke, Y., Chope, R. C., Emmelkamp, P. M. (2006). Bowlby and Bowen: Attachment Theory and Family Therapy. Counseling & Clinical Psychology Journal, 3(2), 81-108.
  • Friedlander, M. L. (2001). Family therapy research: Science into practice, practice into science. İçinde: M. P. Nichols ve R. C. Schwartz (Eds.). Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods (ss. 485-521). Boston: Ally & Bacon.
  • Greene, G. J., Mabee, T. F. (1992). Differantation of self and martial adjustment of clinical and nonclinical spouses. İçinde: B. J. Brothers (Ed.). Couples Therapy Multiple Perspectives: In Search of Universal Threads (ss. 133-151). New York: Haworth Press.
  • Goldenberg, H., Goldenberg, I. (2012). Family Therapy: An Overview. USA: Brooks/Cole Cengage learning.
  • Gurman, A. S., Kniskern, D. P. (1981). Handbook of Family Therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Haefner, J. (2014). An application of Bowen family systems theory. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(11), 835-841.
  • Harvey, D. M., Curry, C. J., Bray, J. H. (1991). Individuation and intimacy in intergenerational relationships and health: Patterns across two generations. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(2), 204-236.
  • Isserman, N., Greene, R. R., Bowen, S. P., Hollander-Goldfein, B., Cohen, H. (2014). Intergenerational families of Holocaust survivors: Designing and piloting a family resilience template. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 11(3), 256-268.
  • Jankowski, P. J., Hooper, L. M. (2012). Differentiation of self: A validation study of the Bowen theory construct. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(3), 226-243.
  • Johnson, P., Buboltz, W. C. (2000). Differentiation of self and psychological reactance. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22(1), 91-102.
  • Kerr, M. E. (1981). Family system theory and therapy. İçinde: A. S. Gurman, D. P. Kniskern (Eds.). Handbook of Family Therapy (ss. 226-264). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
  • Kerr, M. E. (2008). Why do siblings often turn out very differently? In A. Fogel, B. J. King, S. G. Shanker (Eds.). Human Development in the Twenty First Century (ss. 206-215). London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kerr, M. E., Bowen, M. (1988). Family Evaluation. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Kesici, Ş., İlgün, E., Mert, A., Büyükbayraktar, C. G. (2013). Aile Terapisinde Kullanılan Teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Knauth, D. G. (2003). Family secrets: An illustrative clinical case study guided by Bowen family systems theory. Journal of Family Nursing, 9(3), 331-344.
  • Knauth, D. G., Skowron, E. A., Escobar, M. (2006). Effect of differentiation of self on adolescent risk behavior: Test of the theoretical model. Nursing Research, 55(5), 336-345.
  • Kosek, R. B. (1998). Self-differentiation within couples. Psychological Reports, 83(1), 275-279.
  • Lebow, J. L. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of Clinical Family Therapy. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • MacKay, L. (2012). Trauma and Bowen family systems theory: Working with adults who were abused as children. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 33(3), 232-241.
  • Miller, R. B., Anderson, S., Keals, D. K. (2004). Is Bowen theory valid? A review of basic research. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(4), 453-466.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2007). Family system theory. İçinde: A. B. Rochlen (Ed.). Applying Counselling Theories: An Online Case Based Approach (ss. 209-224). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Murdock, N. L. (2012). Psikolojik Danışma ve Psikoterapi Kuramları: Olgu Sunumu Yaklaşımıyla (2. Basımdan çeviri - F. Akkoyun, Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Murdock, N. L., Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.
  • Murray Jr, T. L., Murray, C. E., Daniels, M. H. (2007). Stress and family relationship functioning as indicators of the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms: A regression analysis. Stress and Health, 23(1), 3-8.
  • Nichols, M. P. (2013). Aile Terapisi: Kavramlar ve Yöntemler (Birinci basımdan Çeviri - O. Gündüz, Çev.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Papero, D. V. (2014). Assisting the two‐person system: An approach based on the Bowen theory. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 35(4), 386-397.
  • Perosa, S. L., Perosa, L. M. (1993). Relationships among Minuchin's structural family model, identity achievement, and coping style. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(4), 479-489.
  • Rootes, K. M. H., Jankowski, P. J., Sandage, S. J. (2010). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: Exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Contemporary Family Therapy, 32(2), 89-101.
  • Sauerheber, J. D., Nims, D., Carter, D. J. (2014). Counseling Muslim couples from a Bowen family systems perspective. The Family Journal, 22(2), 231-239.
  • Tuason, M. T., Friedlander, M. L. (2000). Do parents' differentiation levels predict those of their adult children? and other tests of Bowen theory in a Philippine sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 27-35.
  • Walsh, J., Harrigan, M. (2003). The termination stage in bowen's family systems theory. Clinical Social Work Journal, 31(4), 383-394.
  • Wright, J. (2009). Self-soothing – a recursive intrapsychic and relational process: The contribution of the Bowen theory to the process of self-soothing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 30(1), 29-41.
  • Ziegler, S. M. (Ed.). (2005). Theory-Directed Nursing Practice (2nd edition). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Buğra Yıldırım 0000-0002-2840-3624

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 47

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, B. (2020). SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20(47), 287-313. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.508699
AMA Yıldırım B. SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. Ekim 2020;20(47):287-313. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.508699
Chicago Yıldırım, Buğra. “SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20, sy. 47 (Ekim 2020): 287-313. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.508699.
EndNote Yıldırım B (01 Ekim 2020) SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20 47 287–313.
IEEE B. Yıldırım, “SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI”, Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 47, ss. 287–313, 2020, doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.508699.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Buğra. “SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20/47 (Ekim 2020), 287-313. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.508699.
JAMA Yıldırım B. SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;20:287–313.
MLA Yıldırım, Buğra. “SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 47, 2020, ss. 287-13, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.508699.
Vancouver Yıldırım B. SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN’IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;20(47):287-313.