Derleme
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Why Laughing Heals? A Review on the Use of Humor in Therapy

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 477 - 487, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1179671

Öz

Humor is an important tool for expressing many emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger and surprise. In recent years, the use of humor has started to gain the quality of a therapy approach. The use of humor in therapy helps clients to express meaningless situations or inconsistencies in their lives in a humorous way by making them entertaining. At this point, it is very important for the counselor to be able to understand the purpose of the clients' arrival and their sense of humor depending on this purpose and to make interventions accordingly. Since the concepts of humor therapy and Laughter Therapy / Laughter Yoga are often used interchangeably in the literature, this study synthesizes both therapy approaches and tries to reveal their elements and importance. In this review, it is aimed to examine all aspects of the emergence of the use of humor in therapy, basic concepts, sub-dimensions of humor, counselor-client relationship using humor in therapy, humor therapy process, laughter therapy / laughter yoga process, laughter therapy / laughter yoga techniques, studies on the use of humor in therapy, why humor should or should not be used in therapy. In these respects, this study is expected to contribute to the literature and help fill the existing gaps. In addition, it is predicted that the widespread use of humor therapy and the use of humor therapy in different studies will benefit many clients and experts working in this field.

Kaynakça

  • Agostini F, Monti F, Neri E, Dellabartola S, De Pascalis L, Bozicevic L (2014) Parental anxiety and stress before pediatric anesthesia: A pilot study on the effectiveness of preoperative clown intervention. J Health Psychol, 19:587-601.
  • Altıntaş G (2003) Karadeniz Fıkraları, Kaz Uçar da Laz Uçmaz mı?, İstanbul, Halk Kitabevi.
  • Anderson L (2015) Racist humor. Philosophy Compass, 10:501–509.
  • Armat MR, Emami Zeydi A, Mokarami H, Nakhlband A, Hojjat SK (2022) The impact of laughter yoga on depression and anxiety among retired women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Women Aging, 34:31-42.
  • Association for Applied and Therapeutic Humor (2022) What is therapeutic humor? https://aath.memberclicks.net/general-information (24 Mayıs 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Bal F (2021) Kahkaha terapisinin depresyon üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Ulakbilge, 65:1237–128.
  • Bennett PN, Parsons T, Ben‐Moshe R, Weinberg M, Neal M, Gilbert K et al. (2014) Laughter and humor therapy in dialysis. Semin Dial, 27:488-493.
  • Boscarelli A (2017) Clown therapy: not only a pediatric matter. Transl Pediatr, 6:111–112.
  • Brehony KA (2000) After The Darkest Hour: How Suffering Begins The Journey To Wisdom. New York, Henry Hold and Company, LLC. https://archive.org/details/afterdarkesthour00breh/page/n9/mode/1up?view=theater (24 Mayıs 2022’ de ulaşıldı).
  • Bressington D, Mui, J, Yu C, Leung SF, Cheung K, Wu CST et al. (2019) Feasibility of a group-based laughter yoga intervention as an adjunctive treatment for residual symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in people with depression. J Affect. Disord, 248: 42-51.
  • Buxman K (2008) Humor in the or: A stitch in time?. AORN J, 88:67–77.
  • Buxman K (1991) Make room for laughter. Am J Nurs, 91:46-51.
  • Buxman K (2012) Types of humor: The good, the bad, and the (sometimes) ugly. https://sites.temple.edu/jmccluskey/files/2015/12/Types-of-Humor.pdf (24 Mayıs 2022’ de ulaşıldı).
  • Cai C, Yu L, Rong L, Zhong H (2014) Effectiveness of humor intervention for patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 59:174-178.
  • Corey G (2015) Psikolojik Danışma Kuram ve Uygulamaları (Çeviri T. Ergene). Ankara, Mentis Yayıncılık.
  • Darçın Z (2021) Yerleşik terapi kabullerini yıkan bir yaklaşım: Provokatif terapi. Alanyazın-CRES Journal, 2:71-82.
  • De Francisco S, Torres C, De Andrés S, Millet A, Ricart MT, Hernández-Martínez-Esparza E et al. (2019). Effectiveness of integrative laughter therapy to reduce anxiety, improve self-esteem and increase happiness: A naturalistic study at a day hospital for addictive disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16:4194.
  • Demir Doğan M (2020) The effect of laughter therapy on anxiety. Holist Nurs Pract, 34:35–39.
  • Dewane CM (1978) Humor in therapy. Social Work, 23:508-510.
  • Ensook Y, Yeon Hee C (2012) The effects of laughter therapy on pain and anxiety among patients with postmastectomy. J East West Nurs Res, 18:47-52.
  • Erdman L (1993) Laughter therapy for patients with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 11:55-67.
  • Franzini LR (2001) Humor in therapy: The case for training therapists in its uses and risks, J Gen Psychol, 128:170-193.
  • Friedler S, Glasser S, Levitan G, Hadar D, Sasi BE, Lerner-Geva L (2017) Patients’ evaluation of intervention by a medical clown visit or by viewing a humorous film following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 22:47-53.
  • Fry WF (1994) The biology of humor. Humor, 7:111-126.
  • Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine (28 Şubat 2022) Humor therapy. https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/humor-therapy (9 Mart 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Gençtarım-Kurt D (2022) Mizah (Humor) Terapi. In Psikolojik Danışmada Güncel Yaklaşımlar (Eds. Ş Baştemur, MA Kurşuncu):329-348. Ankara, Nobel.
  • Goodenough B, Low LF, Casey AN, Chenoweth L, Fleming R, Spitzer P et al. (2012) Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of humor therapy in residential care: the Sydney Multisite intervention of laughter bosses and elder clowns (SMILE). Int Psychogeriatr, 24:2037-2044.
  • Hae Jeong H, Aris P, Hyun Sun K, Han Kyung M, Yeon-Hwan P (2011) The effects of laughter therapy on stress responses in patients with preoperative breast cancer. J Korean Oncol Nurs, 11:93-100.
  • Hall JA (2017) Humor in romantic relationships: A meta‐analysis. Personal Relationships, 24:306–322.
  • Hatzipapas I, Visser MJ, van Rensburg EJ (2017) Laughter therapy as an intervention to promote psychological well-being of volunteer community care workers working with HIV-affected families. SAHARA J, 14:202-212.
  • Husney A, Romito K, Maldonado CR (2020) Humor therapy. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/aa93107 (9 Mart 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Karataş Z, Yavuzer Y (Eds) (2020) Psikolojik Danışma ve Psikoterapi Kuramları: Örnek Uygulamalarla Temel ve Güncel Kuramlar (3 Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Kim SH, Kim YH, Kim HJ (2015) Laughter and stress relief in cancer patients: a pilot study. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2015:1-6.
  • Ko HJ, Youn CH (2011) Effects of laughter therapy on depression, cognition and sleep among the community‐dwelling elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 11:267–274.
  • Koller D, Gryski C (2008) The life threatened child and the life enhancing clown: towards a model of therapeutic clowning. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 5:17-25.
  • Kuhlman TL (1988) Gallows humor for a scaffold setting: Managing aggressive patients on a maximum-security forensic unit. Psychiatric Services, 39:1085–1090.
  • Kurudirek F, Arikan D, Sarialioğlu A (2021) Effects of therapeutic clowning on pain and anxiety during venous blood sampling in Turkey: Randomised controlled trial. J Spec Pediatr Nurs, 26:e6-e13.
  • Laughter Yoga International (2022) Laughter yoga information booklet. www.laughteryoga.org (14 Mart 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Lee JS, Lee SK (2020) The effects of laughter therapy for the relief of employment-stress in Korean student nurses by assessing psychological stress salivary cortisol and subjective happiness. Osong Public Health Res Perspect,11:44-52.
  • Low LF, Brodaty H, Goodenough B, Spitzer P, Bell JP, Fleming R et al. (2013) The Sydney multisite ıntervention of laughterbosses and elderclowns (SMILE) study: Cluster randomised trial of humour therapy in nursing homes. BMJ Open, 3:e002072.
  • Low LF, Goodenough B, Fletcher J, Xu K, Casey AN, Chenoweth L et al. (2014). The effects of humor therapy on nursing home residents measured using observational methods: the SMILE cluster randomized trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 15:564-569.
  • Markova G, Houdek L, Kocabova Z (2021) To the operating room! Positive effects of a healthcare clown intervention on children undergoing surgery. Front Public Health, 9:371.
  • Martin RA, Puhlik-Doris P, Larsen G, Gray J, Weir K (2003) Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaireJ Res Pers, 37: 48–75.
  • Meier M, Wirz L, Dickinson P, Pruessner JC (2021) Laughter yoga reduces the cortisol response to acute stress in healthy individuals. Stress, 24:44-52.
  • Meiri N, Ankri A, Hamad-Saied M, Konopnicki M, Pillar G (2016) The effect of medical clowning on reducing pain, crying, and anxiety in children aged 2–10 years old undergoing venous blood drawing—a randomized controlled study. Eur J Pediatr, 175: 373-379.
  • Memarian A, Sanatkaran A, Bahari SM (2017) The effect of laughter yoga exercises on anxiety and sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Biomed. Res. Ther, 4:1463- 1479.
  • Mortamet G, Roumeliotis N, Vinit F, Simonds C, Dupic L, Hubert P (2017) Is there a role for clowns in paediatric intensive care units?. Arch Dis Child, 102: 672-675.
  • Pérez R (2016) Racist humor: then and now. Sociol Compass, 10:928–938.
  • Pérez R (2017) Racism without hatred? Racist humor and the myth of “Colorblindness.” Sociological Perspectives, 60:956–974.
  • Philips M (1984) Racist acts and racist humor. Can J Philos, 14:75–96.
  • Satish PD (2012) Laughter therapy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation, 1:23-4.
  • Shaughnessy MF, Wadsworth TM (1992) Humor in counseling and psychotherapy: A 20-year retrospective. Psychol Rep, 70:755-762.
  • Strean W B (2009) Laughter prescription. Can Fam Physician, 55:965-967.
  • Şentürk M [@Metin_Senturk]. (2022, 2 Mayıs). Az önce bayram çocukları geldi 10 lira vereceğime 100 lira vermişim, evin önünde kuyruk oldu [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Metin_Senturk/status/1521121210091909123?s=20&t=FVXVgwZZBs8yysE0VLEK_A (02 Ağustos 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Takeda M, Hashimoto R, Kudo T, Okochi M, Tagami S, Morihara T et al. (2010) Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients. BMC Complement Altern Med, 10:1-7.
  • Tener D, Lev-Wiesel R, Franco NL, Ofir S (2010) Laughing through this pain: medical clowning during examination of sexually abused children: an innovative approach. J Child Sex Abus, 19:128-140.
  • Theravive (2022). Therapeutic humor. https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/therapeutic-humor (7 Mart 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Thomas CA, Esses VM (2004) Individual differences in reactions to sexist humor. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 7:89-100.
  • Tse MM, Lo AP, Cheng TL, Chan EK, Chan AH, Chung HS (2010) Humor therapy: relieving chronic pain and enhancing happiness for older adults. J Aging Res, 2010:1-9.
  • Van Wormer K, Boes M (1997). Humor in the emergency room: A social work perspective. Health Soc Work, 22:87–92.
  • Wanzer MB, Sparks L, Frymier AB (2009). Humorous communication within the lives of older adults: The relationships among humor, coping, efficacy, age, and life satisfaction. Health Commun, 24:128–136.
  • Yim J (2016). Therapeutic benefits of laughter in mental health: A theoretical review. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 239: 243-249.
  • Yoshikawa Y, Ohmaki E, Kawahata H, Maekawa Y, Ogihara T, Morishita R et al. (2019) Beneficial effect of laughter therapy on physiological and psychological function in elders. Nurs Open, 6: 93-99.
  • Your laughter yoga guide (n.d) Laughter yoga information booklet. https://www.laughteryoga.org/about-laughter-yoga/ (16.03.2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri (2019) Atasözleri ve deyimler sözlüğü. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (28.05. 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Zander-Schellenberg T, Collins IM, Miché M, Guttmann C, Lieb R, Wahl K (2020) Does laughing have a stress-buffering effect in daily life? An intensive longitudinal study. Plos One, 15:e0235851.
  • Zemp M, Friedrich AS, Holzmeier L, Seebacher S, Rössler M, Nater UM (2022). Effects of clown visits on stress and mood in children and adolescents in psychiatric care—Protocol for a pilot study. Plos One, 17: e0264012.
  • Zorlu H, Gündüz Ö (2019) Psikoterapide mizah. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8:190-199.

Gülmek Neden İyileştirir? Terapide Mizah Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Derleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 477 - 487, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1179671

Öz

Mizah mutluluk, üzüntü, öfke, şaşkınlık gibi birçok duyguyu ifade etmeye yarayan önemli bir araçtır. Son yıllarda mizah kullanımı bir terapi yaklaşımı niteliği kazanmaya başlamıştır. Mizahın terapide kullanımı, danışanların yaşamlarındaki anlamsız durumları veya var olan tutarsızlıkları eğlenceli bir hale getirerek mizahi bir biçimde ifade etmelerine yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu noktada danışmanın, danışanlarının geliş amaçlarını ve bu amaca bağlı olarak mizah anlayışlarını iyi bir şekilde anlayabilmesi bu doğrultuda müdahalelerde bulunması oldukça önemlidir. Mizah terapisi ve Kahkaha Terapisi/Kahkaha Yogası kavramları literatürde birbirinin yerine sık sık kullanıldığından bu çalışmada iki terapi yaklaşımı da sentezlenerek unsurları ve önemleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu derlemede terapide mizahın kullanımının ortaya çıkışı, temel kavramlar, mizahın alt boyutları, terapide mizah kullanan psikolojik danışman-danışan ilişkisi, mizah terapisi süreci, kahkaha terapisi/kahkaha yogası süreci, kahkaha terapisi/kahkaha yogası teknikleri, terapide mizah kullanımına dair çalışmalar, mizahın terapide neden kullanılması ya da kullanılmaması gerektiği açısından geniş bir çerçevede ele alınarak tüm yönlerinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu yönleriyle bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı sunacağı ve var olan boşlukların doldurulmasına yardımcı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca mizah terapisinin kullanımının yaygınlaşması ve farklı çalışmalarda mizah terapisinden yararlanılmasının birçok danışana ve bu alanda çalışan uzmanlara fayda sağlayacağı ön görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agostini F, Monti F, Neri E, Dellabartola S, De Pascalis L, Bozicevic L (2014) Parental anxiety and stress before pediatric anesthesia: A pilot study on the effectiveness of preoperative clown intervention. J Health Psychol, 19:587-601.
  • Altıntaş G (2003) Karadeniz Fıkraları, Kaz Uçar da Laz Uçmaz mı?, İstanbul, Halk Kitabevi.
  • Anderson L (2015) Racist humor. Philosophy Compass, 10:501–509.
  • Armat MR, Emami Zeydi A, Mokarami H, Nakhlband A, Hojjat SK (2022) The impact of laughter yoga on depression and anxiety among retired women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Women Aging, 34:31-42.
  • Association for Applied and Therapeutic Humor (2022) What is therapeutic humor? https://aath.memberclicks.net/general-information (24 Mayıs 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Bal F (2021) Kahkaha terapisinin depresyon üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Ulakbilge, 65:1237–128.
  • Bennett PN, Parsons T, Ben‐Moshe R, Weinberg M, Neal M, Gilbert K et al. (2014) Laughter and humor therapy in dialysis. Semin Dial, 27:488-493.
  • Boscarelli A (2017) Clown therapy: not only a pediatric matter. Transl Pediatr, 6:111–112.
  • Brehony KA (2000) After The Darkest Hour: How Suffering Begins The Journey To Wisdom. New York, Henry Hold and Company, LLC. https://archive.org/details/afterdarkesthour00breh/page/n9/mode/1up?view=theater (24 Mayıs 2022’ de ulaşıldı).
  • Bressington D, Mui, J, Yu C, Leung SF, Cheung K, Wu CST et al. (2019) Feasibility of a group-based laughter yoga intervention as an adjunctive treatment for residual symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in people with depression. J Affect. Disord, 248: 42-51.
  • Buxman K (2008) Humor in the or: A stitch in time?. AORN J, 88:67–77.
  • Buxman K (1991) Make room for laughter. Am J Nurs, 91:46-51.
  • Buxman K (2012) Types of humor: The good, the bad, and the (sometimes) ugly. https://sites.temple.edu/jmccluskey/files/2015/12/Types-of-Humor.pdf (24 Mayıs 2022’ de ulaşıldı).
  • Cai C, Yu L, Rong L, Zhong H (2014) Effectiveness of humor intervention for patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res, 59:174-178.
  • Corey G (2015) Psikolojik Danışma Kuram ve Uygulamaları (Çeviri T. Ergene). Ankara, Mentis Yayıncılık.
  • Darçın Z (2021) Yerleşik terapi kabullerini yıkan bir yaklaşım: Provokatif terapi. Alanyazın-CRES Journal, 2:71-82.
  • De Francisco S, Torres C, De Andrés S, Millet A, Ricart MT, Hernández-Martínez-Esparza E et al. (2019). Effectiveness of integrative laughter therapy to reduce anxiety, improve self-esteem and increase happiness: A naturalistic study at a day hospital for addictive disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16:4194.
  • Demir Doğan M (2020) The effect of laughter therapy on anxiety. Holist Nurs Pract, 34:35–39.
  • Dewane CM (1978) Humor in therapy. Social Work, 23:508-510.
  • Ensook Y, Yeon Hee C (2012) The effects of laughter therapy on pain and anxiety among patients with postmastectomy. J East West Nurs Res, 18:47-52.
  • Erdman L (1993) Laughter therapy for patients with cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 11:55-67.
  • Franzini LR (2001) Humor in therapy: The case for training therapists in its uses and risks, J Gen Psychol, 128:170-193.
  • Friedler S, Glasser S, Levitan G, Hadar D, Sasi BE, Lerner-Geva L (2017) Patients’ evaluation of intervention by a medical clown visit or by viewing a humorous film following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 22:47-53.
  • Fry WF (1994) The biology of humor. Humor, 7:111-126.
  • Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine (28 Şubat 2022) Humor therapy. https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/humor-therapy (9 Mart 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Gençtarım-Kurt D (2022) Mizah (Humor) Terapi. In Psikolojik Danışmada Güncel Yaklaşımlar (Eds. Ş Baştemur, MA Kurşuncu):329-348. Ankara, Nobel.
  • Goodenough B, Low LF, Casey AN, Chenoweth L, Fleming R, Spitzer P et al. (2012) Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of humor therapy in residential care: the Sydney Multisite intervention of laughter bosses and elder clowns (SMILE). Int Psychogeriatr, 24:2037-2044.
  • Hae Jeong H, Aris P, Hyun Sun K, Han Kyung M, Yeon-Hwan P (2011) The effects of laughter therapy on stress responses in patients with preoperative breast cancer. J Korean Oncol Nurs, 11:93-100.
  • Hall JA (2017) Humor in romantic relationships: A meta‐analysis. Personal Relationships, 24:306–322.
  • Hatzipapas I, Visser MJ, van Rensburg EJ (2017) Laughter therapy as an intervention to promote psychological well-being of volunteer community care workers working with HIV-affected families. SAHARA J, 14:202-212.
  • Husney A, Romito K, Maldonado CR (2020) Humor therapy. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/aa93107 (9 Mart 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Karataş Z, Yavuzer Y (Eds) (2020) Psikolojik Danışma ve Psikoterapi Kuramları: Örnek Uygulamalarla Temel ve Güncel Kuramlar (3 Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Kim SH, Kim YH, Kim HJ (2015) Laughter and stress relief in cancer patients: a pilot study. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2015:1-6.
  • Ko HJ, Youn CH (2011) Effects of laughter therapy on depression, cognition and sleep among the community‐dwelling elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 11:267–274.
  • Koller D, Gryski C (2008) The life threatened child and the life enhancing clown: towards a model of therapeutic clowning. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 5:17-25.
  • Kuhlman TL (1988) Gallows humor for a scaffold setting: Managing aggressive patients on a maximum-security forensic unit. Psychiatric Services, 39:1085–1090.
  • Kurudirek F, Arikan D, Sarialioğlu A (2021) Effects of therapeutic clowning on pain and anxiety during venous blood sampling in Turkey: Randomised controlled trial. J Spec Pediatr Nurs, 26:e6-e13.
  • Laughter Yoga International (2022) Laughter yoga information booklet. www.laughteryoga.org (14 Mart 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Lee JS, Lee SK (2020) The effects of laughter therapy for the relief of employment-stress in Korean student nurses by assessing psychological stress salivary cortisol and subjective happiness. Osong Public Health Res Perspect,11:44-52.
  • Low LF, Brodaty H, Goodenough B, Spitzer P, Bell JP, Fleming R et al. (2013) The Sydney multisite ıntervention of laughterbosses and elderclowns (SMILE) study: Cluster randomised trial of humour therapy in nursing homes. BMJ Open, 3:e002072.
  • Low LF, Goodenough B, Fletcher J, Xu K, Casey AN, Chenoweth L et al. (2014). The effects of humor therapy on nursing home residents measured using observational methods: the SMILE cluster randomized trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 15:564-569.
  • Markova G, Houdek L, Kocabova Z (2021) To the operating room! Positive effects of a healthcare clown intervention on children undergoing surgery. Front Public Health, 9:371.
  • Martin RA, Puhlik-Doris P, Larsen G, Gray J, Weir K (2003) Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaireJ Res Pers, 37: 48–75.
  • Meier M, Wirz L, Dickinson P, Pruessner JC (2021) Laughter yoga reduces the cortisol response to acute stress in healthy individuals. Stress, 24:44-52.
  • Meiri N, Ankri A, Hamad-Saied M, Konopnicki M, Pillar G (2016) The effect of medical clowning on reducing pain, crying, and anxiety in children aged 2–10 years old undergoing venous blood drawing—a randomized controlled study. Eur J Pediatr, 175: 373-379.
  • Memarian A, Sanatkaran A, Bahari SM (2017) The effect of laughter yoga exercises on anxiety and sleep quality in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Biomed. Res. Ther, 4:1463- 1479.
  • Mortamet G, Roumeliotis N, Vinit F, Simonds C, Dupic L, Hubert P (2017) Is there a role for clowns in paediatric intensive care units?. Arch Dis Child, 102: 672-675.
  • Pérez R (2016) Racist humor: then and now. Sociol Compass, 10:928–938.
  • Pérez R (2017) Racism without hatred? Racist humor and the myth of “Colorblindness.” Sociological Perspectives, 60:956–974.
  • Philips M (1984) Racist acts and racist humor. Can J Philos, 14:75–96.
  • Satish PD (2012) Laughter therapy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation, 1:23-4.
  • Shaughnessy MF, Wadsworth TM (1992) Humor in counseling and psychotherapy: A 20-year retrospective. Psychol Rep, 70:755-762.
  • Strean W B (2009) Laughter prescription. Can Fam Physician, 55:965-967.
  • Şentürk M [@Metin_Senturk]. (2022, 2 Mayıs). Az önce bayram çocukları geldi 10 lira vereceğime 100 lira vermişim, evin önünde kuyruk oldu [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Metin_Senturk/status/1521121210091909123?s=20&t=FVXVgwZZBs8yysE0VLEK_A (02 Ağustos 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Takeda M, Hashimoto R, Kudo T, Okochi M, Tagami S, Morihara T et al. (2010) Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients. BMC Complement Altern Med, 10:1-7.
  • Tener D, Lev-Wiesel R, Franco NL, Ofir S (2010) Laughing through this pain: medical clowning during examination of sexually abused children: an innovative approach. J Child Sex Abus, 19:128-140.
  • Theravive (2022). Therapeutic humor. https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/therapeutic-humor (7 Mart 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Thomas CA, Esses VM (2004) Individual differences in reactions to sexist humor. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 7:89-100.
  • Tse MM, Lo AP, Cheng TL, Chan EK, Chan AH, Chung HS (2010) Humor therapy: relieving chronic pain and enhancing happiness for older adults. J Aging Res, 2010:1-9.
  • Van Wormer K, Boes M (1997). Humor in the emergency room: A social work perspective. Health Soc Work, 22:87–92.
  • Wanzer MB, Sparks L, Frymier AB (2009). Humorous communication within the lives of older adults: The relationships among humor, coping, efficacy, age, and life satisfaction. Health Commun, 24:128–136.
  • Yim J (2016). Therapeutic benefits of laughter in mental health: A theoretical review. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 239: 243-249.
  • Yoshikawa Y, Ohmaki E, Kawahata H, Maekawa Y, Ogihara T, Morishita R et al. (2019) Beneficial effect of laughter therapy on physiological and psychological function in elders. Nurs Open, 6: 93-99.
  • Your laughter yoga guide (n.d) Laughter yoga information booklet. https://www.laughteryoga.org/about-laughter-yoga/ (16.03.2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri (2019) Atasözleri ve deyimler sözlüğü. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (28.05. 2022’te ulaşıldı).
  • Zander-Schellenberg T, Collins IM, Miché M, Guttmann C, Lieb R, Wahl K (2020) Does laughing have a stress-buffering effect in daily life? An intensive longitudinal study. Plos One, 15:e0235851.
  • Zemp M, Friedrich AS, Holzmeier L, Seebacher S, Rössler M, Nater UM (2022). Effects of clown visits on stress and mood in children and adolescents in psychiatric care—Protocol for a pilot study. Plos One, 17: e0264012.
  • Zorlu H, Gündüz Ö (2019) Psikoterapide mizah. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8:190-199.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Selda Kanbur 0000-0002-8218-0986

Şule Baştemur 0000-0003-3940-0565

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Kanbur S, Baştemur Ş. Why Laughing Heals? A Review on the Use of Humor in Therapy. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2023;15(3):477-487. doi:10.18863/pgy.1179671

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.