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Askerlerin Ruh Sağlığı Bağlamında Yaşadıkları Damgalanmaya Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 430 - 440, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1163149

Öz

Ordu doğası itibarı ile ruhsal hastalık riski yüksek bir ortamdır. Araştırmalar ruh sağlığına ilişkin damgalanmanın, askeri operasyonların stresinden kaynaklanan ruhsal bozuklukların erken ve etkili tedavisinin önündeki yaygın ve ciddi bir engel olduğunu göstermektedir. Ruh sağlığı ile ilgili olarak zamanında ve etkili müdahalenin gerekliliği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda askeri bağlamda ruhsal sağlığa ilişkin yardım aramanın önündeki engelleri anlamak önemlidir. Ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde sivil ve askeri bağlamda gerçekleştirilen araştırmalarda ve derlemelerde ruh sağlığına ilişkin damgalanma yer alsa da özelikle ulusal literatürde, askeri bağlamda ruh sağlığına ilişkin damgalanma ile ilgili bir literatüre rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma ulusal ve uluslararası literatürün gözden geçirilmesiyle oluşturulan derleme bir araştırmadır. Bu makalede, ruh sağlığı hizmetine erişimi engelleyen damgalanmanın kaynaklarının ve bunları pekiştiren unsurların, askeri bağlamda ele alınması, damgalanmanın potansiyel olarak azaltılması ve ruh sağlığı hizmetinden faydalanabilmenin en yüksek düzeye ulaştırılması için bazı yenilikçi sosyal hizmet müdahalelerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Acosta JD, Becker A, Cerully JL, Fisher MP, Martin LT, Vardavas R et al. (2014) Mental Health Stigma in the Military, Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation.
  • Ahmedani BK (2011) Mental health stigma: society, individuals, and the profession. J Soc Work Values Ethics, 8:41-416.
  • Barut B, Kara Y (2020) Ekolojik sosyal hizmet perspektifinden hortikültürel terapi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31:218-240.
  • Beder J, Sullican-Sakaeda L, Martin TP (2012) Animal-assisted intervention. In Advances in Social Work Practice with the Military (ED J Beder): 239-251. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Ben-Zeev D, Corrigan PW, Britt TW, Langford L (2012) Stigma of mental illness and service use in the military. J Ment Health, 21:264-273.
  • Bleiberg KL, Markowitz JC (2005) A pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162:181-183.
  • Britt TW (2000) The stigma of psychological problems in a work environment: Evidence from the screening of service members returning from Bosnia. J Appl Soc Psychol, 30:1599-1618.
  • Britt TW, Greene-Shortridge TM, Brink S, Nguyen QB, Rath J, Cox AL et al. (2008) Perceived stigma and barriers to care for psychological treatment: Implications for reactions to stressors in different contexts. J Soc Clin Psychol, 27:317-335.
  • Byrne P (2000) Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it. Adv Psychiatr Treat 6:65-72.
  • Coll JE, Weiss EL, Yarvis JS (2012) No one leaves unchanged-Insights for civilian mental health care: Professionals into the military experience and culture. In Advances in Social Work Practice with the Military. (ED J Beder):18-33. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Combs G, Freedman J (2012) Narrative, poststructuralism, and social justice: Current practices in narrative therapy. Couns Psychol, 40:1033-1060.
  • Corrigan P (2004) How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am Psychol, 59:614-625.
  • Corrigan P, Matthews A (2003) Stigma and disclosure: Implications for coming out of the closet. J Ment Health, 12:235-248.
  • Corrigan PW, River LP, Lundin RK, Penn DL, Uphoff-Wasowski K, Campion J et al. (2001) Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 27:187-195.
  • Crandall CS, Moriarty D (1995) Physical illness stigma and social rejection. Br J Soc Psychol, 34:67-83.
  • Cukor J, Olden M, Lee F, Difede J (2010) Evidence-based treatments for PTSD, new directions and special challenges. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1208:82-89.
  • Dickstein BD, Vogt DS, Handa S, Litz BT (2010) Targeting self-stigma in returning military personnel and veterans: A review of intervention strategies. Mil Psychol, 22:224-236.
  • Er F (2021) Askerlerde başlıca ruhsal-davranışsal sorunlar ve sosyal hizmet uygulamaları. In Askeri Sosyal Hizmet (Eds H Sakarya, A Çetinkaya Büyükbodur, Ç Ademhan Tunaç):183-206. Ankara, Nika Yayınevi.
  • Er F, Canatan Ç, Barut B, Kara Y (2020) Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında ekopsikolojiyi düşünmek. AURUM Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5:73-82.
  • Forbes D, Pedlar D, Adler AB, Bennett C, Bryant R, Busuttil W et al. (2019) Treatment of military-related post-traumatic stress disorder: challenges, innovations, and the way forward. Int Rev Psychiatry, 31:95-110.
  • Gormley D, Quinn N (2009) Mental health stigma and discrimination: The experience within social work. Practice: Social Work in Action, 21:259-272.
  • Gould M, Adler A, Zamorski M, Castro C, Hanily N, Steele N (2010) Do stigma and other perceived barriers to mental health care differ across Armed Forces? J R Soc Med, 103:148-156.
  • Greene-Shortridge TM, Britt TW, Castro CA (2007) The stigma of mental health problems in the military. Mil Med, 172:157-161.
  • Hawkins BL, Townsend JA, Garst BA (2016) Nature-based recreational therapy for military service members: A strengths approach. Ther Recreation J, 50:55-74.
  • Hoge C, Auchterlonie J, Milliken C (2006) Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA, 295:1023-1032.
  • Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL (2004) Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med, 351:13-22.
  • Hogue CW, McGurk D, Thomas JL (2007) Association of post-traumatic stress disorder with somatic symptoms, healthcare visits, and absenteeism among Iraq War veterans. Am J Psychiatry, 164:150-153.
  • Holder SM, Peterson ER, Stephens R, Crandall LA (2019) Stigma in mental health at the macro and micro levels: implications for mental health consumers and professionals. Community Ment Health J, 55:1-6.
  • Huxley P (1993) Location and stigma: a survey of community attitudes to mental illness: enlightenment and stigma. J Ment Health, 2:73-80.
  • Hyer L, Boyd S, Scurfield R, Smith D, Burke J (1996) Effects of outward bound experience as an adjunct to inpatient PTSD treatment of war veterans. J Clin Psychol, 52;263-278.
  • Iversen AC, Van Staden L, Hughes JH, Greenberg N, Hotopf M, Rona RJ (2011) The stigma of mental health problems and other barriers to care in the UK Armed Forces. BMC Health Serv Res, 11:31.
  • Johnson RA, Albright DL, Marzolf JR, Bibbo JL, Yaglom HD, Crowder SM (2018) Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans. Mil Med Res, 5:3.
  • Kara Y (2019) Makro sosyal hizmet çerçevesinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının önemi. AURUM Journal of Social Sciences, 4:155-169.
  • Kara Y (2020) Yeni bir yaklaşım olarak dilbilimsel sosyal hizmet. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31:1703-1718.
  • Kim P, Britt T, Klocko R, Riviere L, Adler A (2011) Stigma, negative attitudes about treatment, and utilization of mental health care among soldiers. Mil Psychol, 23:65-81.
  • Kim PA, Thomas JL, Wilk JE, Castro CA, Hoge CW (2010) Stigma, barriers to care, and use of mental health services among active duty and national guard soldiers after combat. Psychiatr Serv, 61:582-588.
  • Kondrat DC, Early TJ (2011) Battling in the trenches: Case managers’ ability to combat the effects of mental illness stigma on consumers’ perceived quality of life. Community Ment Health J, 47:390-398.
  • Kulesza M, Pedersen ER, Corrigan PW, Marshall GN (2015) Help-Seeking stigma and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Mil Behav Health, 3:230-239.
  • Lee S, Lee MT, Chiu MY, Kleinman A (2005) Experience of social stigma by people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Br J Psychiatry, 186:153-157.
  • Link BG, Cullen FT, Struening EL, Shrout PE, Dohrenwend BP (1989) A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. Am Sociol Rev, 54:400-423.
  • Lorber W, Garcia HA (2010) Not supposed to feel this: traditional masculinity in psychotherapy with male veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 47:296-305.
  • Mittal D, Drummond KL, Blevins D, Curran G, Corrigan P, Sullivan G (2013) Stigma associated with PTSD: perceptions of treatment seeking combat veterans. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 36:86-92.
  • Monson C, Fredman S, Adair K (2008) Cognitivebehavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: application to operation enduring and Iraqi Freedom service members and Veterans. J Clin Psychol, 64:958-971.
  • Murphy D, Palmer E, Hill K, Ashwick R, Busuttil W (2017) Living alongside military PTSD: a qualitative study of female partners’ experiences with UK Veterans. J Mil Veteran Fam Health, 3:52-61.
  • Nawková L, Nawka A, Adámková T, Rukavina TV, Holcnerová P, Kuzman MR et al. (2012) The picture of mental health/illness in the printed media in three Central European countries. J Health Commun, 17:22-40.
  • Olden M, Cukor J, Rizzo AS, Rothbaum B, Difede J (2010) House calls revisited: Leveraging technology to overcome obstacles to veteran psychiatric care and improve treatment outcomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1208:133-141.
  • Pietrzak RH, Johnson DC, Goldstein MB, Malley JC, Southwick SM (2009) Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatr Serv, 60:1118-1122.
  • Scheyett A (2005) The mark of madness: Stigma, serious mental illnesses and social work. Soc Work Ment Health, 3:79-97.
  • Sharp ML, Fear NT, Rona RJ, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Jones N (2015) Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems. Epidemiol Rev, 37:144-162.
  • Shrivastava A, Johnston M, Bureau Y (2012) Stigma of Mental Illness-1: Clinical reflections. Mens Sana Monogr, 10:70–84.
  • Skopp NA, Bush NE, Vogel DL, Wade NG, Sirotin AP, McCann RA et al. (2012) Development and initial testing of a measure of public and self‐stigma in the military. J Clin Psychol, 68:1036-1047.
  • Stecker T, Fortney JC, Hamilton F, Ajzen I (2007) An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq. Psychiatr Serv, 58:1358-1361.
  • Stecker T, Fortney JC, Sherbourne CD (2011) An intervention to increase mental health treatment engagement among OIF Veterans: a pilot trial. Mil Med, 176:613–619
  • Steward WT, Herek GM, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J et al. (2008) HIV-related stigma: adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Soc Sci Med, 67:1225-1235.
  • Thomas JL, Wilk JE, Riviere LA, McGurk D, Castro CA, Hoge CW (2010) Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component and National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67:614-623.
  • Vogt D (2011) Mental-health related beliefs as a barrier to service use for military personnel and veterans: A review. Psychiatr Serv, 62:135-142.
  • Walker MS, Kaimal G, Koffman R, DeGraba TJ (2016) Art therapy for PTSD and TBI: A senior active duty military service member’s therapeutic journey. Arts Psychother, 49:10-18.
  • Watson, AC, Eack SM (2010) Oppression and stigma and their effects. In Mental Health and Social Problems: A Social Work Perspective (Eds NR Heller, A Gitterman):21-43. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Watson AC, Fulambarker A, Kondrat DC, Holley LC, Kranke D, Wilkins BT (2017) Social work faculty and mental illness stigma, J Soc Work Educ, 53:174-186.
  • Weeks M, Zamorski MA, Rusu C, Colman I (2017) Mental illness–related stigma in Canadian military and civilian populations: a comparison using population health survey data, Psychiatr Serv, 68:710-716.
  • Wooten, NR (2015) Military social work: Opportunities and challenges for social work education. J Soc Work Educ, 51:6-25.
  • Zinzow HM, Britt TW, McFadden AC Burnette CM, Gillispie S (2012) Connecting active duty and returning veterans to mental health treatment: Interventions and treatment adaptations that may reduce barriers to care, Clin Psychol Rev, 32:741-753.

An Overview of the Stigmatization of Soldiers in the Context of Mental Health from a Social Work Perspective

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 430 - 440, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1163149

Öz

Due to its nature, the army is an environment with a high risk of mental illness. Research shows that mental health stigma is a common and serious barrier to early and effective treatment for mental disorders that result from the stress of military operations. Given the need for timely and effective mental health intervention, it is important to understand the barriers to seeking mental health help in a military context. Although there is stigma related to mental health in the studies and compilations carried out in the civil and military context in the national and international literature, there is no literature on mental health stigmatization in the military context, especially in the national literature. This study is a compilation research created by reviewing the national and international literature. In this article, it is aimed to present some innovative social work interventions in order to address the sources of stigma that hinders access to mental health care and the factors that reinforce them, in a military context, to potentially reduce stigma and to maximize the benefit of mental health care.

Kaynakça

  • Acosta JD, Becker A, Cerully JL, Fisher MP, Martin LT, Vardavas R et al. (2014) Mental Health Stigma in the Military, Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation.
  • Ahmedani BK (2011) Mental health stigma: society, individuals, and the profession. J Soc Work Values Ethics, 8:41-416.
  • Barut B, Kara Y (2020) Ekolojik sosyal hizmet perspektifinden hortikültürel terapi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31:218-240.
  • Beder J, Sullican-Sakaeda L, Martin TP (2012) Animal-assisted intervention. In Advances in Social Work Practice with the Military (ED J Beder): 239-251. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Ben-Zeev D, Corrigan PW, Britt TW, Langford L (2012) Stigma of mental illness and service use in the military. J Ment Health, 21:264-273.
  • Bleiberg KL, Markowitz JC (2005) A pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 162:181-183.
  • Britt TW (2000) The stigma of psychological problems in a work environment: Evidence from the screening of service members returning from Bosnia. J Appl Soc Psychol, 30:1599-1618.
  • Britt TW, Greene-Shortridge TM, Brink S, Nguyen QB, Rath J, Cox AL et al. (2008) Perceived stigma and barriers to care for psychological treatment: Implications for reactions to stressors in different contexts. J Soc Clin Psychol, 27:317-335.
  • Byrne P (2000) Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it. Adv Psychiatr Treat 6:65-72.
  • Coll JE, Weiss EL, Yarvis JS (2012) No one leaves unchanged-Insights for civilian mental health care: Professionals into the military experience and culture. In Advances in Social Work Practice with the Military. (ED J Beder):18-33. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Combs G, Freedman J (2012) Narrative, poststructuralism, and social justice: Current practices in narrative therapy. Couns Psychol, 40:1033-1060.
  • Corrigan P (2004) How stigma interferes with mental health care. Am Psychol, 59:614-625.
  • Corrigan P, Matthews A (2003) Stigma and disclosure: Implications for coming out of the closet. J Ment Health, 12:235-248.
  • Corrigan PW, River LP, Lundin RK, Penn DL, Uphoff-Wasowski K, Campion J et al. (2001) Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 27:187-195.
  • Crandall CS, Moriarty D (1995) Physical illness stigma and social rejection. Br J Soc Psychol, 34:67-83.
  • Cukor J, Olden M, Lee F, Difede J (2010) Evidence-based treatments for PTSD, new directions and special challenges. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1208:82-89.
  • Dickstein BD, Vogt DS, Handa S, Litz BT (2010) Targeting self-stigma in returning military personnel and veterans: A review of intervention strategies. Mil Psychol, 22:224-236.
  • Er F (2021) Askerlerde başlıca ruhsal-davranışsal sorunlar ve sosyal hizmet uygulamaları. In Askeri Sosyal Hizmet (Eds H Sakarya, A Çetinkaya Büyükbodur, Ç Ademhan Tunaç):183-206. Ankara, Nika Yayınevi.
  • Er F, Canatan Ç, Barut B, Kara Y (2020) Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında ekopsikolojiyi düşünmek. AURUM Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5:73-82.
  • Forbes D, Pedlar D, Adler AB, Bennett C, Bryant R, Busuttil W et al. (2019) Treatment of military-related post-traumatic stress disorder: challenges, innovations, and the way forward. Int Rev Psychiatry, 31:95-110.
  • Gormley D, Quinn N (2009) Mental health stigma and discrimination: The experience within social work. Practice: Social Work in Action, 21:259-272.
  • Gould M, Adler A, Zamorski M, Castro C, Hanily N, Steele N (2010) Do stigma and other perceived barriers to mental health care differ across Armed Forces? J R Soc Med, 103:148-156.
  • Greene-Shortridge TM, Britt TW, Castro CA (2007) The stigma of mental health problems in the military. Mil Med, 172:157-161.
  • Hawkins BL, Townsend JA, Garst BA (2016) Nature-based recreational therapy for military service members: A strengths approach. Ther Recreation J, 50:55-74.
  • Hoge C, Auchterlonie J, Milliken C (2006) Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA, 295:1023-1032.
  • Hoge CW, Castro CA, Messer SC, McGurk D, Cotting DI, Koffman RL (2004) Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med, 351:13-22.
  • Hogue CW, McGurk D, Thomas JL (2007) Association of post-traumatic stress disorder with somatic symptoms, healthcare visits, and absenteeism among Iraq War veterans. Am J Psychiatry, 164:150-153.
  • Holder SM, Peterson ER, Stephens R, Crandall LA (2019) Stigma in mental health at the macro and micro levels: implications for mental health consumers and professionals. Community Ment Health J, 55:1-6.
  • Huxley P (1993) Location and stigma: a survey of community attitudes to mental illness: enlightenment and stigma. J Ment Health, 2:73-80.
  • Hyer L, Boyd S, Scurfield R, Smith D, Burke J (1996) Effects of outward bound experience as an adjunct to inpatient PTSD treatment of war veterans. J Clin Psychol, 52;263-278.
  • Iversen AC, Van Staden L, Hughes JH, Greenberg N, Hotopf M, Rona RJ (2011) The stigma of mental health problems and other barriers to care in the UK Armed Forces. BMC Health Serv Res, 11:31.
  • Johnson RA, Albright DL, Marzolf JR, Bibbo JL, Yaglom HD, Crowder SM (2018) Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans. Mil Med Res, 5:3.
  • Kara Y (2019) Makro sosyal hizmet çerçevesinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının önemi. AURUM Journal of Social Sciences, 4:155-169.
  • Kara Y (2020) Yeni bir yaklaşım olarak dilbilimsel sosyal hizmet. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31:1703-1718.
  • Kim P, Britt T, Klocko R, Riviere L, Adler A (2011) Stigma, negative attitudes about treatment, and utilization of mental health care among soldiers. Mil Psychol, 23:65-81.
  • Kim PA, Thomas JL, Wilk JE, Castro CA, Hoge CW (2010) Stigma, barriers to care, and use of mental health services among active duty and national guard soldiers after combat. Psychiatr Serv, 61:582-588.
  • Kondrat DC, Early TJ (2011) Battling in the trenches: Case managers’ ability to combat the effects of mental illness stigma on consumers’ perceived quality of life. Community Ment Health J, 47:390-398.
  • Kulesza M, Pedersen ER, Corrigan PW, Marshall GN (2015) Help-Seeking stigma and mental health treatment seeking among young adult veterans. Mil Behav Health, 3:230-239.
  • Lee S, Lee MT, Chiu MY, Kleinman A (2005) Experience of social stigma by people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Br J Psychiatry, 186:153-157.
  • Link BG, Cullen FT, Struening EL, Shrout PE, Dohrenwend BP (1989) A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. Am Sociol Rev, 54:400-423.
  • Lorber W, Garcia HA (2010) Not supposed to feel this: traditional masculinity in psychotherapy with male veterans returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 47:296-305.
  • Mittal D, Drummond KL, Blevins D, Curran G, Corrigan P, Sullivan G (2013) Stigma associated with PTSD: perceptions of treatment seeking combat veterans. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 36:86-92.
  • Monson C, Fredman S, Adair K (2008) Cognitivebehavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: application to operation enduring and Iraqi Freedom service members and Veterans. J Clin Psychol, 64:958-971.
  • Murphy D, Palmer E, Hill K, Ashwick R, Busuttil W (2017) Living alongside military PTSD: a qualitative study of female partners’ experiences with UK Veterans. J Mil Veteran Fam Health, 3:52-61.
  • Nawková L, Nawka A, Adámková T, Rukavina TV, Holcnerová P, Kuzman MR et al. (2012) The picture of mental health/illness in the printed media in three Central European countries. J Health Commun, 17:22-40.
  • Olden M, Cukor J, Rizzo AS, Rothbaum B, Difede J (2010) House calls revisited: Leveraging technology to overcome obstacles to veteran psychiatric care and improve treatment outcomes. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1208:133-141.
  • Pietrzak RH, Johnson DC, Goldstein MB, Malley JC, Southwick SM (2009) Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatr Serv, 60:1118-1122.
  • Scheyett A (2005) The mark of madness: Stigma, serious mental illnesses and social work. Soc Work Ment Health, 3:79-97.
  • Sharp ML, Fear NT, Rona RJ, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Jones N (2015) Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems. Epidemiol Rev, 37:144-162.
  • Shrivastava A, Johnston M, Bureau Y (2012) Stigma of Mental Illness-1: Clinical reflections. Mens Sana Monogr, 10:70–84.
  • Skopp NA, Bush NE, Vogel DL, Wade NG, Sirotin AP, McCann RA et al. (2012) Development and initial testing of a measure of public and self‐stigma in the military. J Clin Psychol, 68:1036-1047.
  • Stecker T, Fortney JC, Hamilton F, Ajzen I (2007) An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq. Psychiatr Serv, 58:1358-1361.
  • Stecker T, Fortney JC, Sherbourne CD (2011) An intervention to increase mental health treatment engagement among OIF Veterans: a pilot trial. Mil Med, 176:613–619
  • Steward WT, Herek GM, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Chandy S, Wrubel J et al. (2008) HIV-related stigma: adapting a theoretical framework for use in India. Soc Sci Med, 67:1225-1235.
  • Thomas JL, Wilk JE, Riviere LA, McGurk D, Castro CA, Hoge CW (2010) Prevalence of mental health problems and functional impairment among active component and National Guard soldiers 3 and 12 months following combat in Iraq. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67:614-623.
  • Vogt D (2011) Mental-health related beliefs as a barrier to service use for military personnel and veterans: A review. Psychiatr Serv, 62:135-142.
  • Walker MS, Kaimal G, Koffman R, DeGraba TJ (2016) Art therapy for PTSD and TBI: A senior active duty military service member’s therapeutic journey. Arts Psychother, 49:10-18.
  • Watson, AC, Eack SM (2010) Oppression and stigma and their effects. In Mental Health and Social Problems: A Social Work Perspective (Eds NR Heller, A Gitterman):21-43. New York, NY, Routledge.
  • Watson AC, Fulambarker A, Kondrat DC, Holley LC, Kranke D, Wilkins BT (2017) Social work faculty and mental illness stigma, J Soc Work Educ, 53:174-186.
  • Weeks M, Zamorski MA, Rusu C, Colman I (2017) Mental illness–related stigma in Canadian military and civilian populations: a comparison using population health survey data, Psychiatr Serv, 68:710-716.
  • Wooten, NR (2015) Military social work: Opportunities and challenges for social work education. J Soc Work Educ, 51:6-25.
  • Zinzow HM, Britt TW, McFadden AC Burnette CM, Gillispie S (2012) Connecting active duty and returning veterans to mental health treatment: Interventions and treatment adaptations that may reduce barriers to care, Clin Psychol Rev, 32:741-753.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Filiz Er 0000-0001-5065-3809

Veli Duyan 0000-0003-4316-5756

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Er F, Duyan V. An Overview of the Stigmatization of Soldiers in the Context of Mental Health from a Social Work Perspective. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2023;15(3):430-440. doi:10.18863/pgy.1163149

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.