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Kültürel Sosyalleştirme Ölçeğinin İç Göç Deneyimleyen Bir Ebeveyn Örnekleminde Türkçe Uyarlaması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 222 - 242, 28.03.2024

Sevim Yıldız Aslan Ahu Öztürk

Öz

Göçmen ebeveynler, çoğunlukla günlük konuşmalar yoluyla çocuklarının kültürel çevreye uyum sağlamalarına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Hughes ve Johnson (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Kültürel Sosyalleştirme Ölçeği' nin (KSÖ), Türk ebeveyn örnekleminde geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini incelemiştir. Tüm ebeveynler (N=141), Türkiye'nin küçük/kırsal yerleşim yerlerinden büyükşehir/kentsel yerleşim yerlerine göç etmişlerdir. Ebeveynlerden Kültürel Sosyalleştirme Ölçeği, Algılanan Ayrımcılık Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formunu doldurmaları istendi. Sonuçlar, ölçeğin orijinal çalışma ile aynı yapıya sahip olduğunu ve ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonunun üç boyutlu yapıyı (çoğulculuk, önyargıya hazırlık, güvensizliğin teşviki) desteklediğini göstermiştir. Kültürel Sosyalleştirme Ölçeğinin alt boyut puanları, ebeveyn tarafından algılanan ayrımcılık ve ailenin demografik değişkenleri ile beklenen yönde anlamlı korelasyonlar göstermiştir. Bulgular, kültürel sosyalleştirme ölçeğinin göçmen ebeveyn örneklemi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ebeveynlik kültürel sosyalleşme iç göç geçerlilik güvenilirlik ayrımcılık algısı ölçek uyarlama

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, R. E., Hussain, S. B., Wilson, M. N., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., & Williams, J. L. (2015). Pain pathways: Racial discrimination and relations between parental functioning and child psychosocial well-being. Journal of Black Psychology, 41(6), 491-512. https://doi: 10.1177/0095798414548511
  • Ayón, C., Nieri, T., & Ruano, E. (2020). Ethnic-racial socialization among Latinx families: A systematic review of the literature. Social Service Review, 94(4), 693-747. https://doi.org/10.1086/712413
  • Ayón, C., Ojeda, I., & Ruano, E. (2018). Cultural socialization practices among Latino immigrant families within a restrictive immigration socio-political context. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.042
  • Ayón, C., Tran, A. G., & Nieri, T. (2019). Ethnic–racial socialization practices among Latino immigrant families: A latent profile analysis. Family Relations, 68(2), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/ fare.12356
  • Başel, H. (2007). Türkiye'de nüfus hareketlerinin ve iç göçün nedenleri. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (53), 515-542.
  • Baysu, G. (2007). The effects of intergroup perceptions and ingroup identifications on the political participation of the second-generation Turkish migrants in The Netherlands [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Middle East Technical University. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608898/index.pdf
  • Berry, J.W. (2010). Mobility and acculturation. In Carr, S. (Ed.), The Psychology of global mobility: International and cultural psychology (pp. 193-210). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6208-9_10
  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
  • Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Cultural approaches to parenting. Parenting: Science & Practice, 12(2–3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.6833
  • Bornstein, M. H. (2017). The specificity principle in acculturation science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(1), 3-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616655997
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34(10), 844-850. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Castles S., De Haas H., & Miller M. J. (Eds.) (2014) The age of migration: International population movements in The modern world (5th ed.), (pp. 1-381). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/1229039
  • Crouter, A. C., Baril, M. E., Davis, K. D., & McHale, S. M. (2008). Processes linking social class and racial socialization in African American dual‐earner families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5), 1311-1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00568.x
  • Corak, M. (2012). Age at immigration and the education outcomes of children. In A. Masten, K. Liebkind, & D. Hernandez (Eds.), Realizing the potential of immigrant youth (pp. 90 –114). Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9781139094696.006
  • Çoymak, A. (2009). Associations of religious identification, secular identification, perceived discrimination, and political trust with ethnic and societal (national) identification [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Middle East Technical University. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/18576
  • Demo, D. H., & Hughes, M. (1990). Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 364–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786741
  • Derlan, C. L., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Jahromi, L. B., & Updegraff, K. A. (2018). Cultural socialization attitudes and behaviors: Examining mothers' centrality, discrimination experiences, and children's effortful control as moderators. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 162-172. http://doi: 10.1037/cdp0000176
  • Douglass, S., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Time-varying effects of family ethnic socialization on ethnic-racial identity development among Latino adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 52(11), 1904-1912. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000141
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: Book plus code for E version of text. SAGE Publications Limited.
  • García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H., Crnic, K., Wasik, B., & Vazquez García, H. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131600
  • García Coll, C., & Magnuson, K. (2000). Cultural differences as sources of developmental vulnerabilities and resources: A view from developmental research. In S. J. Meisels & J. P. Shonkoff (Eds.) Handbook of early childhood intervention (pp. 94–111). Cambridge University Press.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1997). Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68(3), 532-560. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_5
  • Grindal, M., & Nieri, T. (2016). The relationship between ethnic-racial socialization and adolescent substance use: An examination of social learning as a causal mechanism. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 15(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2014.993785
  • Gui, Y., Berry, J. W., & Zheng, Y. (2012). Migrant worker acculturation in China. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.11.007
  • Hagelskamp, C., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Workplace discrimination predicting racial/ethnic socialization across African American, Latino, and Chinese families. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(4), 550-560. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035321
  • Herrera, R. S., DelCampo, R. L., & Ames, M. H. (1993). A serial approach for translating family science instrumentation. Family Relations, 42(3), 357-360. https://doi.org/10.2307/585567
  • Hou, Y., Kim, S. Y., Hazen, N., & Benner, A. D. (2017). Parents' perceived discrimination and adolescent adjustment in Chinese American Families: Mediating family processes. Child Development, 88(1), 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12603
  • Hu, A. W., Anderson, K. N., & Lee, R. M. (2015). Let’s talk about race and ethnicity: Cultural socialization, parenting quality, and ethnic identity development. Family Science, 6(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000421
  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
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The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 222 - 242, 28.03.2024

Sevim Yıldız Aslan Ahu Öztürk

Öz

Migrant parents assist their kids in adapting to the cultural environment, mostly through everyday talk. The present study investigated the validity and reliability of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ), developed by Hughes & Johnson (2001), in a sample of Turkish parents. All parents (N=141) migrated from small/rural to metropolitan/urban settlements in regions of Turkey. Parents completed the CSQ, the perceived discrimination scale, and a demographic information form. The results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the questionnaire has the same three-dimensional structure: pluralism, preparation for bias, and promotion of mistrust. CSQ’s subscale scores significantly correlated with the parents’ perceived discrimination and family demographic variables in expected directions. As findings suggest, the CSQ is a valid and reliable scale among internal migrant parents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parenting cultural socialization internal migration validity reliability perception of discrimination scale adaptation

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval of this study was obtained from Bursa Uludağ University Social and Human Sciences Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2016-08) on 25.06.2016. The study was prepared in accordance with the rules of scientific research and publication ethics.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, R. E., Hussain, S. B., Wilson, M. N., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., & Williams, J. L. (2015). Pain pathways: Racial discrimination and relations between parental functioning and child psychosocial well-being. Journal of Black Psychology, 41(6), 491-512. https://doi: 10.1177/0095798414548511
  • Ayón, C., Nieri, T., & Ruano, E. (2020). Ethnic-racial socialization among Latinx families: A systematic review of the literature. Social Service Review, 94(4), 693-747. https://doi.org/10.1086/712413
  • Ayón, C., Ojeda, I., & Ruano, E. (2018). Cultural socialization practices among Latino immigrant families within a restrictive immigration socio-political context. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.042
  • Ayón, C., Tran, A. G., & Nieri, T. (2019). Ethnic–racial socialization practices among Latino immigrant families: A latent profile analysis. Family Relations, 68(2), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/ fare.12356
  • Başel, H. (2007). Türkiye'de nüfus hareketlerinin ve iç göçün nedenleri. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (53), 515-542.
  • Baysu, G. (2007). The effects of intergroup perceptions and ingroup identifications on the political participation of the second-generation Turkish migrants in The Netherlands [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Middle East Technical University. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608898/index.pdf
  • Berry, J.W. (2010). Mobility and acculturation. In Carr, S. (Ed.), The Psychology of global mobility: International and cultural psychology (pp. 193-210). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6208-9_10
  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
  • Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Cultural approaches to parenting. Parenting: Science & Practice, 12(2–3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.6833
  • Bornstein, M. H. (2017). The specificity principle in acculturation science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(1), 3-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616655997
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34(10), 844-850. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Castles S., De Haas H., & Miller M. J. (Eds.) (2014) The age of migration: International population movements in The modern world (5th ed.), (pp. 1-381). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/1229039
  • Crouter, A. C., Baril, M. E., Davis, K. D., & McHale, S. M. (2008). Processes linking social class and racial socialization in African American dual‐earner families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5), 1311-1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00568.x
  • Corak, M. (2012). Age at immigration and the education outcomes of children. In A. Masten, K. Liebkind, & D. Hernandez (Eds.), Realizing the potential of immigrant youth (pp. 90 –114). Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9781139094696.006
  • Çoymak, A. (2009). Associations of religious identification, secular identification, perceived discrimination, and political trust with ethnic and societal (national) identification [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Middle East Technical University. https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/18576
  • Demo, D. H., & Hughes, M. (1990). Socialization and racial identity among Black Americans. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 364–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786741
  • Derlan, C. L., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Jahromi, L. B., & Updegraff, K. A. (2018). Cultural socialization attitudes and behaviors: Examining mothers' centrality, discrimination experiences, and children's effortful control as moderators. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 162-172. http://doi: 10.1037/cdp0000176
  • Douglass, S., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Time-varying effects of family ethnic socialization on ethnic-racial identity development among Latino adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 52(11), 1904-1912. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000141
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: Book plus code for E version of text. SAGE Publications Limited.
  • García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H., Crnic, K., Wasik, B., & Vazquez García, H. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131600
  • García Coll, C., & Magnuson, K. (2000). Cultural differences as sources of developmental vulnerabilities and resources: A view from developmental research. In S. J. Meisels & J. P. Shonkoff (Eds.) Handbook of early childhood intervention (pp. 94–111). Cambridge University Press.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1997). Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68(3), 532-560. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_5
  • Grindal, M., & Nieri, T. (2016). The relationship between ethnic-racial socialization and adolescent substance use: An examination of social learning as a causal mechanism. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 15(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2014.993785
  • Gui, Y., Berry, J. W., & Zheng, Y. (2012). Migrant worker acculturation in China. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.11.007
  • Hagelskamp, C., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Workplace discrimination predicting racial/ethnic socialization across African American, Latino, and Chinese families. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(4), 550-560. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035321
  • Herrera, R. S., DelCampo, R. L., & Ames, M. H. (1993). A serial approach for translating family science instrumentation. Family Relations, 42(3), 357-360. https://doi.org/10.2307/585567
  • Hou, Y., Kim, S. Y., Hazen, N., & Benner, A. D. (2017). Parents' perceived discrimination and adolescent adjustment in Chinese American Families: Mediating family processes. Child Development, 88(1), 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12603
  • Hu, A. W., Anderson, K. N., & Lee, R. M. (2015). Let’s talk about race and ethnicity: Cultural socialization, parenting quality, and ethnic identity development. Family Science, 6(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000421
  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Hu, A. W., Zhou, X., & Lee, R. M. (2017). Ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development among internationally adopted Korean American adolescents: A seven-year follow-up. Developmental Psychology, 53(11), 2066–2077. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000421
  • Huberty, C.J. & Morris, J.D. (1989). Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses Psychological Bulletin, 105, 302–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.302
  • Hughes, D. (2003). Correlates of African American and Latino parents' messages to children about ethnicity and race: A comparative study of racial socialization. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1-2), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023066418688
  • Hughes, D. & Chen, L. (1997). When and what parents tell children about race: An examination of race-related socialization among African American families. Applied Developmental Science, 1(4), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0104_4
  • Hughes, D. & Johnson, D. (2001). Correlates in children's experiences of parents' racial socialization behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 981-995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00981.x
  • Hughes, D., Hagelskamp, C., Way, N., & Foust, M. D. (2009). The role of mothers' and adolescents' perceptions of ethnic-racial socialization in shaping ethnic-racial identity among early adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(5), 605-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9399-7
  • Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747-470. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747
  • Hrapczynski, K. M. & Leslie, L. A. (2019). Do preparation for bias and cultural socialization protect against discrimination for transracially adopted adolescents? Adoption Quarterly, 22(2), 116-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926755.2019.1579136
  • Jackson, D. L. (2003). Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: Some support for the N:q hypothesis. Structural Equation Modeling, 10, 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM1001_6
  • Juang, L. P., Shen, Y., Kim, S. Y., & Wang, Y. (2016). Development of an Asian American parental racial–ethnic socialization scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22(3), 417–431. doi:10.1037/cdp0000083
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Changing lifestyles changing competencies: Turkish migrant youth in Europe. Historical Social Research, 35(2), 151–168 https://www.jstor.org/stable/20762454
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2012). Kültür ve ana babalık: Kuram ve uygulama cıkarsamaları. M. Sayıl ve B. Yağmurlu (Der.) Ana babalık: Kuram ve araştırma içinde (s. 61–80). Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Liu, L. L., & Lau, A. S. (2013). Teaching about race/ethnicity and racism matters: an examination of how perceived ethnic-racial socialization processes are associated with depression symptoms. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(4), 383-394. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033447
  • Martinez-Fuentes, S., Jager, J., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2021). The mediation process between Latino youths’ family ethnic socialization, ethnic–racial identity, and academic engagement: Moderation by ethnic–racial discrimination? Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 27(2), 296–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000349
  • Motti-Stefanidi, F., & Masten, A. S. (2017). A resilience perspective on immigrant youth adaptation and development. In N. J. Cabrera & B. Leyendecker (Eds.), Handbook on positive development of minority children and youth (pp. 19–34). Springer, Cham. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 43645-6_2
  • Nelson, S. C., Syed, M., Tran, A. G., Hu, A. W., & Lee, R. M. (2018). Pathways to ethnic-racial identity development and psychological adjustment: The differential associations of cultural socialization by parents and peers. Developmental Psychology, 54(11), 2166-2180. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000597
  • Nieri, T., Ayón, C., Yoo, M., & Webb, M. (2022). Perceived ethnic discrimination, ethnic-racial socialization, and substance use among ethnic minority adolescents. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 21(1), 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2019.1707141
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Padilla, J., McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., & Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Mexican-origin parents’ differential treatment and siblings’ adjustment from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(8), 955-965. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000229
  • Parke, R. D. & Buriel, R. (2008). Socialization in the family: Ethnic and ecological perspectives. In W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Child and adolescent development: An advanced course (pp. 95-138). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Priest, N., Walton, J., White, F., Kowal, E., Baker, A., & Paradies, Y. (2014). Understanding the complexities of ethnic-racial socialization processes for both minority and majority groups: A 30-year systematic review. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 43, 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.08.003
  • Rivas-Drake, D., & Marchand, A. (2016). Academic socialization among Latino families: Exploring the compensatory role of cultural processes. Research in Human Development, 13(3), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2016.1194708
  • Rivas-Drake, D., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Schaefer, D. R., & Medina, M. (2017). Ethnic-racial identity and friendships in early adolescence. Child Development, 88(3), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12790
  • Ruggiero, K. M., & Taylor, D. M. (1995). Coping with discrimination: How disadvantaged group members perceive the discrimination that confronts them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 826-838. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.826
  • Sağlam, S. (2006). Türkiye'de iç göç olgusu ve kentleşme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), (5), 33-44.
  • Salcido, V. V., & Stein, G. L. (2023). Examining the influence of ethnic–racial socialization and parental warmth on Latinx youth psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Latinx Psychology, 11(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000220
  • Saleem, F. T., & Lambert, S. F. (2016). Differential effects of racial socialization messages for African American adolescents: Personal versus institutional racial discrimination. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1385-1396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0326-0
  • Simon, C. (2021). The role of race and ethnicity in parental ethnic-racial socialization: A scoping review of research. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01854-7
  • Stevenson Jr, H. C., Cameron, R., Herrero-Taylor, T., & Davis, G. Y. (2002). Development of the teenager experience of racial socialization scale: Correlates of race-related socialization frequency from the perspective of Black youth. Journal of Black Psychology, 28(2), 84-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798402028002002
  • Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (sixth ed.). Pearson.
  • Thomann, C. R. (2012). Developing an anti-racist stance: How white youth understand structural racism. (Publication No. 3457437). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/developing-anti-racist-stance-how-white-youth/docview/873576235/se-2
  • Tran, A. G., & Lee, R. M. (2010). Perceived ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic identity, and social competence among Asian American late adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 169-178. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0016400
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022). İç Göç İstatistikleri (Yayın no. 49727). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ic-Goc-Istatistikleri-2022-49727
  • Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Fine, M. A. (2004). Examining ethnic identity among Mexican-origin adolescents living in the United States. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(1), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986303262143
  • Umaña‐Taylor, A. J., & Hill, N. E. (2020). Ethnic–racial socialization in the family: A decade's advance on precursors and outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 244-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12622
  • Yasui, M. (2015). A review of the empirical assessment of processes in ethnic-racial socialization: Examining methodological advances and future areas of development. Developmental Review, 37, 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.03.001
  • White-Johnson, R. L., Ford, K. R., & Sellers, R. M. (2010). Parental racial socialization profiles: Association with demographic factors, racial discrimination, childhood socialization, and racial identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016111
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gelişim Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sevim Yıldız Aslan 0000-0002-2526-3478

Ahu Öztürk 0000-0003-0349-7342

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız Aslan, S., & Öztürk, A. (2024). The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 222-242.
AMA Yıldız Aslan S, Öztürk A. The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Mart 2024;25(1):222-242.
Chicago Yıldız Aslan, Sevim, ve Ahu Öztürk. “The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 222-42.
EndNote Yıldız Aslan S, Öztürk A (01 Mart 2024) The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 1 222–242.
IEEE S. Yıldız Aslan ve A. Öztürk, “The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, ss. 222–242, 2024.
ISNAD Yıldız Aslan, Sevim - Öztürk, Ahu. “The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25/1 (Mart 2024), 222-242.
JAMA Yıldız Aslan S, Öztürk A. The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;25:222–242.
MLA Yıldız Aslan, Sevim ve Ahu Öztürk. “The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 25, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 222-4.
Vancouver Yıldız Aslan S, Öztürk A. The Turkish Adaptation of the Cultural Socialization Questionnaire (CSQ) in a Sample of Parents Experiencing Internal Migration. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;25(1):222-4.
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