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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES' COPING ABILITIES THROUGH HUMOR AND THEIR LEVELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND BURNOUT IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SETTING

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1844 - 1859, 16.10.2023

Rukiye Çakmak Dilek Yıldırım Gürkan Derya Esenkaya

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1165957

Öz

This research was conducted cross-sectionally with the aim of determining the relationship between nurses' coping abilities through humor and their levels of psychological distress and burnout. A total of 187 nurses working at a university hospital were administered a Personal Information Form, Questionnaire of Occupational Humorous Coping (QOHC), Psychological Distress Scale (PDS), and Burnout Scale Short Form (BS-SF). The study found that 23% of the nurses experienced moderate psychological distress, while 27.3% experienced severe psychological distress, and 9.6% suffered from severe burnout, indicating that 27.3% of them needed expert support. A significantly positive relationship was observed between PDS scores and BS-SF scores. Regression analysis revealed that nurses' PDS scores predicted 56.7% of the variance in BS-SF scores. Nurses were found to predominantly use instrumental-social coping as their coping strategy. Interestingly, no significant relationship was found between the coping through humor scale and the other measures in this study. In light of these findings, further research is recommended to explore the factors that hinder nurses from using effective coping methods and to investigate the causes of burnout and psychological distress among nurses. It is also suggested that healthcare institutions should plan to provide psychological support for nurses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Burnout Nursing Psychological distress

Kaynakça

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  • Altun, Y. Özen, M. & Kuloğlu, M. M. (2019). Turkish version of the psychological distress scale: validity and reliability study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 20 (Ek Sayı: 1), 23-31.
  • Andlib, S., Inayat, S., Azhar, K. & Aziz, F. (2022). Burnout and psychological distress among Pakistani nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study. International Nursing Review, 69(4), 529-537.
  • Badru, O. A., Oloko, K. O., Hassan, A. O., Yusuf, O. B., Abdur-Razaq, U. A. & Yakub, S. (2021). Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress amongst healthcare workers during the covıd-19 pandemic: an online survey, South African Journal of Psychiatry, 1-7, doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1617.
  • Bagheri, T., Fatemi, M. J., Payandan, H., Skandari, A. & Momeni M. (2019). The effects of stress-coping strategies and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on nurse burnout, Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 32(3), 184-189.
  • Biganeh, J., Abolghasemi, J., Alimohammadi, I., Ebrahimi, H., Davoud, B., Hosseinabadi, M. B. & Ashtarinezhad, A. (2021). Influences of occupational burnout and personality on lipid peroxidation among nurses in shahroud city, Iran, Journal University of Occupational and Enviromental Health, 43(4), 397-408. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.43.397.
  • Bilişli, Y., Üstündaş, M. & Kamarlı, H. (2015). Determination of burnout levels of medical secretaries, Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, November 14. Special Issue of Bürokon, pp. 431-444.
  • Bilmen, G.S. (2020). Burnout in nurses working in a private university hospital (Master's Thesis). Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul.
  • Cañadas-de la Fuente, G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos, E. & Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors, Emergencias, 30(5), 328-331.
  • Chemali, Z., Ezzeddine, F., Gelaye, B., Dossett, M.L., Salameh, J., Bizri, M., Dubale, B. & Fricchione, G. (2019). Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the middleeast: a systematic review, BMC Public Health, 19(1337), 1-21.
  • Çankaya, M. (2016). Burnout levels of private hospital workers and a field application, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(9), 1-15.
  • Çapri, B. (2013). The turkish adaptation of the burnout scale-short form and the co-burnout scale-short form and the relationship between professional and co-burnout from a psychoanalytic-existential perspective, Educational Sciences in Theory and Practice,13(3), 1393-1418.
  • Dixon, R. (2021). The effects of humor when coping with stress rahmel dixon, Senior Thesis, Claremont McKenna.
  • Dobson, H., Malpas, C. B., Burrell, A. Jc, Gurvich, C., Chen, L., Kulkarni, J. & Winton-Brown, T. (2021). Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Psychiatry, 29(1), 26–30.
  • Doosje, S., Goede, M., Doornen, L. & Goldstein, J. (2010). Measurement of occupational humorous coping, Humor, 23–3, 275–305 doi: 10.1515/HUMR.2010.013.
  • Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). Stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy of nursing professionals: A qualitative ınquiry, Healthcare, 8(424), 1-20, doi: 10.3390/healthcare8040424. . Drapeau, A., Marchand, A. & Beaulieu-Prévost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of psychological distress. Mental İllnesses-Understanding: Prediction and Control, 69(2), 105-106.
  • Elwér, S., Harryson, L., Bolin, M. & Hammarström, A. (2013). Patterns of gender equality at workplaces and psychological distress. PLoS One, 8(1): e53246. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
  • Hamama, L., Marey-Sarwan, I., Hamama-Raz, Y., Nakad, B. & Asadi, A. (2021). Psychological distress and perceived job stressors among hospital nurses and physicians during the covıd-19 outbreak. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 1567-1579.
  • Hatef, F., Maleki, A., Amini, K. & Khodadadi, E. (2020). Investigation of the level of psychological distress in nurses and its relationship with demographic characteristics, Journal of Psychıatric Nursing, 11(3), 195-200.
  • Huang, Y. & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • Huo, L., Zhou, Y., Li, S., Ning, Y., Zeng, L., Liu, Z., Qian. W., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Liu, T. & Zhang, X.Y. (2021). Burnout and ıts relationship with depressive symptoms in medical staff during the Covıd-19 epidemic in China, Frontiers Psychology, 12, 1-9, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616369.
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Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Mizah Yoluyla Başa Çıkma Yetenekleri ile Psikolojik Sıkıntı ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 1844 - 1859, 16.10.2023

Rukiye Çakmak Dilek Yıldırım Gürkan Derya Esenkaya

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1165957

Öz

Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin mizah yoluyla başa çıkma yeteneklerinin, psikolojik sıkıntı seviyeleri ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan 187 hemşireye, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İşyerinde Mizah Yoluyla ile Başa Çıkma Ölçeği (İMYBÇÖ), Psikolojik Sıkıntı Ölçeği (PSÖ) ve Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Kısa Formu (TÖ-KF) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada hemşirelerin %23’ünün orta, % 27.3’ünün ise şiddetli düzeyde psikolojik sıkıntı yaşadığı ve %9.6’sının ciddi tükenmişlik yaşarken, %27.3’ünün uzman desteği alması gerektiği bulunmuştur. PSÖ puanı ile TÖKF puanları arasında pozitif yönde yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonucunda hemşirelerin PSÖ puanlarının, TÖ-KF puanının %56.7’sini yordadığı bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin baş etme yöntemi olarak araçsal sosyalleştirici başa çıkma yöntemini seçtikleri görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada mizah yoluyla baş etme ölçeği ile diğer ölçekler arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda hemşirelerin tükenmişlik ve psikolojik sıkıntı yaşama nedenlerinin ve etkili baş etme yöntemlerinin hemşireler tarafından kullanılmasını engelleyen faktörlerle ilgili daha fazla araştırmanın yapılması önerilmektedir. Sağlık kurumlarının hemşirelere psikolojik destek sunmak için planlamalar yapması öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik Psikolojik sıkıntı Tükenmişlik

Kaynakça

  • Altun, Y. (2018). Turkish adaptation of kessler psychological distress scale (k10): Validity and reliability study, (Specialty Thesis in Medicine), University of Health Sciences, Antalya.
  • Altun, Y. Özen, M. & Kuloğlu, M. M. (2019). Turkish version of the psychological distress scale: validity and reliability study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 20 (Ek Sayı: 1), 23-31.
  • Andlib, S., Inayat, S., Azhar, K. & Aziz, F. (2022). Burnout and psychological distress among Pakistani nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study. International Nursing Review, 69(4), 529-537.
  • Badru, O. A., Oloko, K. O., Hassan, A. O., Yusuf, O. B., Abdur-Razaq, U. A. & Yakub, S. (2021). Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress amongst healthcare workers during the covıd-19 pandemic: an online survey, South African Journal of Psychiatry, 1-7, doi: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1617.
  • Bagheri, T., Fatemi, M. J., Payandan, H., Skandari, A. & Momeni M. (2019). The effects of stress-coping strategies and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on nurse burnout, Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 32(3), 184-189.
  • Biganeh, J., Abolghasemi, J., Alimohammadi, I., Ebrahimi, H., Davoud, B., Hosseinabadi, M. B. & Ashtarinezhad, A. (2021). Influences of occupational burnout and personality on lipid peroxidation among nurses in shahroud city, Iran, Journal University of Occupational and Enviromental Health, 43(4), 397-408. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.43.397.
  • Bilişli, Y., Üstündaş, M. & Kamarlı, H. (2015). Determination of burnout levels of medical secretaries, Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, November 14. Special Issue of Bürokon, pp. 431-444.
  • Bilmen, G.S. (2020). Burnout in nurses working in a private university hospital (Master's Thesis). Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul.
  • Cañadas-de la Fuente, G.A., Albendín-García, L.R., Cañadas, G., San Luis-Costas, C., Ortega-Campos, E. & Fuente-Solana, E.I. (2018). Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors, Emergencias, 30(5), 328-331.
  • Chemali, Z., Ezzeddine, F., Gelaye, B., Dossett, M.L., Salameh, J., Bizri, M., Dubale, B. & Fricchione, G. (2019). Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the middleeast: a systematic review, BMC Public Health, 19(1337), 1-21.
  • Çankaya, M. (2016). Burnout levels of private hospital workers and a field application, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(9), 1-15.
  • Çapri, B. (2013). The turkish adaptation of the burnout scale-short form and the co-burnout scale-short form and the relationship between professional and co-burnout from a psychoanalytic-existential perspective, Educational Sciences in Theory and Practice,13(3), 1393-1418.
  • Dixon, R. (2021). The effects of humor when coping with stress rahmel dixon, Senior Thesis, Claremont McKenna.
  • Dobson, H., Malpas, C. B., Burrell, A. Jc, Gurvich, C., Chen, L., Kulkarni, J. & Winton-Brown, T. (2021). Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australasian Psychiatry, 29(1), 26–30.
  • Doosje, S., Goede, M., Doornen, L. & Goldstein, J. (2010). Measurement of occupational humorous coping, Humor, 23–3, 275–305 doi: 10.1515/HUMR.2010.013.
  • Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). Stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy of nursing professionals: A qualitative ınquiry, Healthcare, 8(424), 1-20, doi: 10.3390/healthcare8040424. . Drapeau, A., Marchand, A. & Beaulieu-Prévost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of psychological distress. Mental İllnesses-Understanding: Prediction and Control, 69(2), 105-106.
  • Elwér, S., Harryson, L., Bolin, M. & Hammarström, A. (2013). Patterns of gender equality at workplaces and psychological distress. PLoS One, 8(1): e53246. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
  • Hamama, L., Marey-Sarwan, I., Hamama-Raz, Y., Nakad, B. & Asadi, A. (2021). Psychological distress and perceived job stressors among hospital nurses and physicians during the covıd-19 outbreak. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 1567-1579.
  • Hatef, F., Maleki, A., Amini, K. & Khodadadi, E. (2020). Investigation of the level of psychological distress in nurses and its relationship with demographic characteristics, Journal of Psychıatric Nursing, 11(3), 195-200.
  • Huang, Y. & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
  • Huo, L., Zhou, Y., Li, S., Ning, Y., Zeng, L., Liu, Z., Qian. W., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Liu, T. & Zhang, X.Y. (2021). Burnout and ıts relationship with depressive symptoms in medical staff during the Covıd-19 epidemic in China, Frontiers Psychology, 12, 1-9, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616369.
  • Jalili, M., Niroomand, M., Hadavand, F., Zeinali, K. & Fotouhi, A. (2020). Burnout among healthcare professionals during covıd-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study, Medrxiv. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01695-x.
  • Jihn, C. H., Kim, B. & Kim, K. S. (2021). Predictors of burnout in hospital health workers during the covıd-19 outbreak in south Korea, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1-17, doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111720.
  • Kabunga, A. & Okalo, P. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of burnout among nurses during covıd-19: a cross-sectional study in hospitals in central Uganda, British Medical Journal, 11, 1-6, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054284.
  • Kafe, K., Shrestha, D.B., Baniya, A., Lamichhhane, S., Shahi, M., Gurung, B., Tandan, P., Ghimire, A. & Budhathoki, P. (2021). Psychological distress among health service providers during Covid-19 pandemic in Nepal, Plos One, 10;16(2):e0246784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246784.
  • Kara, H. B. (2020). An investigation of the relationship between psychological distress and treatment motivation in addicted individuals. (Master's Thesis), Üsküdar University, Istanbul.
  • Karram, M., D’Alessandro-Lowe, A. M., Ritchie, K., Brown, A., Xue, Y., Pichtikova, M., … & McKinnon, M. C. (2023). A qualitative approach to understanding canadian healthcare workers’ use of coping strategies during the covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032551.
  • Kaya, N., Kaya, H., Ayık, S.E. & Uygur, E. (2010). Burnout in nurses working in a public hospital. International Journal of Human Sciences, 7(1), 401-419.
  • Kirabira, J., Forry, J. B., Ssbuufu, R., Akimana, B., Nekawuki, M., Anyayo, L., Mpamizo, E., Onen, B.C., Ingabira, J., Gumisiriza, N., Waiswa, A., Mawanda, A., Ashaba, S. & Kyamanywa, P. (2022). Psychological distress and associated factors among hospital workers in uganda during the covıd-19 lockdown-a multicentre study. Heliyon, 8(1), 1-8.
  • Kumaş, G., Yalçın, S. Ö. & Öztunç, G. (2019). Burnout and job satisfaction levels of oncology nurses: Adana sample. Lokman Hekim Journal, 9(2), 256-265.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., …Hu. S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1-12. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C. & Frame, K. (2014). Burnout. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, ss.1-7.
  • Ling, K., Xianxiu, W. & Xiaowei, Z. (2020). Analysis of nurses' job burnout and coping strategies in hemodialysis centers. Medicine, 99(17), 1-4, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019951.
  • Lincoln, K. D. & Chae, D. H. (2010). Stress, marital satisfaction, and psychological distress among african americans. Journal of Family Issues, 31(8), 1081–1105. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10365826.
  • Lou, N. M., Montreuil, T., Feldman, L. S., Fried, G. M., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Bhanji, F., ...Harley, J. M. (2022). Nurses' and physicians' distress, burnout, and coping strategies during COVID-19: stress and impact on perceived performance and intentions to quit. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 42(1), e44-e52.
  • Mahmoudi, S., Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., Pishgooie, A. H., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., & Lotfi, Z. (2020). Burnout among Iranian nurses: a national survey. Bmc Nursing, 19(1), 1-9.
  • Malach-Pines A. (2005). The burnout measure, short version. International Journal of Stress Managemen, 12(1), 78-88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.78.
  • Martin R. A. (2007). Thepsychology of humor: an ıntegrative approach. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
  • Marzetti, F., Vagheggini, G., Conversano, C., Miccoli, M., Gemignani, A., Ciacchini, R. & Orru G. (2020). Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in healthcare workers during Covıd-19 outbreak. Medrxiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.13.20186692.
  • Maslach, C. & Leiter, M.P. (2016). Burnout. In: Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior, Academic Press, Cambridge, 351-357.
  • Molavynejad, S., Babazadeh, M., Bereihi, F. & Cheraghian, B. (2019). Relationship between personality traits and burnout in oncology nurses. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(9), 2898-2902. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_423_19.
  • Myrvang, N. A. (2021). The relationship between altruistic leadership approach and burnout level in healthcare professionals. Turkish Studies-Social, 16(3), 1147-1159. https://dx.doi.org/10.47356/TurkishStudies.46682.
  • Odonkor, S. T. & Frimpong, K. (2020). Burnout among healthcare professionals in ghana: a critical assessment. BioMed Research International, 1-8, doi: 10.1155/2020/1614968.
  • Oktuğ, Z., Turgut, T. & Ünal, Z. M. (2018). The scale of coping with humor in the workplace: Turkish adaptation, reliability and validity study. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute,10(26), 782-797.
  • Olagunju, A. T., Bioku, A. A., Olagunju, T. O. & Sarimiye, F. O. (2021). Psychological distress and sleep problems in healthcare workers in a developing context during COVID-19 Pandemic: ımplications for workplaca wellbeing. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 110: 1-5.
  • Ridner, S. H. (2003). Psychological distress: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(5), 536-545.
  • Sabahi, P. & Oreyzi H, R. (2010). A comparative study of resources and consequences of job stress among men and women employees in Isfahan private hospitals. Contemp Psychol, 3, 74–84.
  • Sehsah, R., Gaballah, M. H., El-Gilany, A. H. & Albadry, A. A. (2021). Psychological distress among egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94(4), 731-740, doi: 10.1007/s00420-020-01624-4.
  • Serin, E. K., Özdemir, A. & Işık, K. (2021). The effect of nurses compassion on bornout: a cross-sectional study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57, 371-379.
  • Shechter, A., Diaz, F., Moise, N., Anstey, D. E., Ye, S., Agarwal, S., Birk, J. L., Brodie, D., Cannone, D. E., Chang, B., Claassen, J., …Abdalla, M. (2020). Psychological Distress, Coping Behaviors and Preferences for Support among New York Healthecare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007.
  • Simione, L. & Gnagnarella, C. (2023). Humor coping reduces the positive relationship between avoidance coping strategies and perceived stress: A moderation analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020179.
  • Solmaz, E. T., (2022). Examination of factors related to burnout, depression, anxiety, stress, and ınsomnia levels among healthcare workers in a university hospital during the Covıd-19 pandemic, (A Specialization Thesis in Medicine), Mersin University, Mersin.
  • Şimşek, Ş., Özübek, B. & Yağcı, N. (2021). Investigation of job satisfaction and burnout status of physiotherapists working in the field of neurological rehabilitation. Başkent University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 6(1), 50-61.
  • Ta'an, W. F., Al-Dwaikat, T.N., Dardas, K. & Rayan, A. H. (2020). The relationship between occupational stress, psychological distress symptoms, and social support among jordanian healthcare professionals. Nursing Forum, 55(4), 763-771,
  • Tekir, Ö., Çevik, C., Arık, S. & Ceylan, G. (2016). Examination of burnout, job satisfaction levels and life satisfaction of health workers. Kırıkkale University Medical Faculty Journal, 18(2), 51-63.
  • Tugade, M. M, Fredrickson, B. L & Feldman Barrett, L. (2004). Psychological resilience and levels of positive emotional detail: exploring the benefits of positive emotions in coping and health. Personality Journal. 72(6), 1161-1190.
  • Yalçın, İ., Demirhan, O., Yenal, T. H., Yıldız, Y. & Özmaden, M. (2017). Some of the coping levels of national athletes through humor examining according to variables. ERPA International Congresses on Education Budapeşt.
  • Yerlikaya, E. E. (2009). Investigation of the relationship between university students' humor styles and perceived stress, Anxiety and Depression Levels, (PhD Thesis). Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences. Adana Turkey.
  • Yıldırım, F., Naktiyok, S. & Kula, M.E. (2016). The effect of burnout level on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Studies, 8(4), 15-33.
  • Zou, G., Shen, X., Tian, X., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L. & Li, P. (2016). Correlates of psychological distress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses. Industrial Health, 54(5), 389-395.
  • Wang, B., Lu, Q., Sun, F. & Zhang, R. (2021). The relationship between sleep quality and psychological distress and job burnout among Chinese psychiatric nurses. Industrial Health, 59(6), 427-435.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Rukiye Çakmak 0000-0003-0088-710X

Dilek Yıldırım Gürkan 0000-0001-8967-7939

Derya Esenkaya 0000-0002-9865-2036

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 9 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakmak, R., Yıldırım Gürkan, D., & Esenkaya, D. (2023). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES’ COPING ABILITIES THROUGH HUMOR AND THEIR LEVELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND BURNOUT IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SETTING. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 11(3), 1844-1859. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1165957
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