Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 1023 - 1050, 26.08.2021
Öz
Eğitim sürecinde mesleki beceriler kazanan mezunların işgücü piyasasına geçişi, mesleki eğitimin verimliliği ve ülkelerin ekonomik gelişimi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Birçok ülke, işgücü piyasasının beklentileri ile öğrencilerin tercihlerini izlemek ve uyumlandırmak için çeşitli çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Türkiye’de meslek eğitim mezunlarının işgücü piyasasının ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilme düzeyi uzun süredir tartışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda oluşturulacak eğitim politikasına dayanak oluşturacak şekilde detaylı saha araştırmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İŞKUR’un 2019 İşgücü Piyasası Araştırmasında (İPA) gösterilen ön lisans altı açık pozisyonlar ile aynı yıl mesleki ortaöğretimden mezun olan öğrencilerin meslek alanları arasındaki uyum bölgesel düzeyde incelenmiştir. Uyumun belirlenmesinde açık pozisyonlarda gereken beceriler ile bu becerilerin kazandırıldığı meslek alanları ilişkilendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Türkiye genelinde işgücü piyasasının talepleri ile mesleki eğitim mezunlarının arzı arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bazı alanlardaki uyumsuzluğun birçok bölgede eşzamanlı görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, mesleki eğitimde işgücü piyasası talepleri ile mezun arzı uyumunun artırılması için bölge ve il düzeyinde yapılması gereken iyileştirilmelere işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mesleki ve teknik eğitim Arz ve talep Beceri uyuşmazlığı İşgücü piyasası Mezun arzı
Kaynakça
- Badillo‐Amador, L., & Vila, L. E. (2013), Education and skill mismatches: Wage and job satisfaction consequences. International Journal of Manpower, 34(5), 416-428.
- Bartlett, W. (2013). Skill mismatch, education systems, and labor markets in EU neighbourhood policy countries. Wp5/20 Search Working Paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258286624_Skill_Mismatch_Education_Systems_and_Labour_Markets_in_EU_Neighbourhood_Policy_Countries
- Boissiere, M. (2004). Rationale for public investments in primary education in developing countries. The World Bank Operations Evaluation Department. https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/reports/education_public_investments_wp.pdf
- Brown, P. & Lauder, H. (1991). Education, economy and social change. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 1, 3-23.
- Canbal, M. S., Kerkez, B., Suna, H. E., Numanoğlu, K. V. & Özer, M. (2020). Mesleki ve teknik ortaöğretimde paradigma değişimi için yeni bir adım: Eğitim programlarının güncellenmesi. Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri: Teori ve Uygulama, 11(21), 1-26.
- Cappelli, P. (2015). Skill gaps, skill shortages and skill mismatches: evidence and arguments for the US. Industrial and labour relations review, 68(2) 251-290.
- Castellano, F. L., García-Quero, F. & García-Carmona, M. (2019). Perspectives on human and social capital theories and the role of education: An approach from Mediterranean thought. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51(1), 51-62.
- CEDEFOP (2010). The skill matching challenge: Analyzing skill mismatch & policy implications. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3056_en.pdf
- CEDEFOP (2014). Skill mismatch: more than meets the eye. CEDEFOP Briefing Note. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/9087_en.pdf
- CEDEFOP (2018). Insights into skill shortages and skill mismatch: Learning from Cedefop's European skills and jobs survey. CEDEFOP Reference series 106. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3075_en.pdf
- Creswell, J. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Ege, A. A. (2020). Analyzing the incidence and causes of field of study mismatch in Turkey: Evidence from Turkstat labor force surveys. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Erikli, S. (2015). Sinop ilinde işgücü piyasasının temel sorunu: Beceri uyumsuzluğu. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2, 18-33.
- Filiztekin, A. (2011). Education-occupation mismatch in Turkish labor market. MPRA Paper 35123. Germany: University Library of Munich.
- Fuller, A. (2015). Vocational education. In: James D. Wright (Ed.). International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd edition, pp. 232-238), Vol.25, Oxford: Elsevier.
- Galasi, P. (2008). The effect of educational mismatch on wages for 25 countries. Budapest Working Papers on Labor Market. http://www.econ.core.hu/file/download/bwp/ BWP0808.pdf
- Iannelli, C. & Raffe, D. (2007). Vocational upper-secondary education and the transition from school. European Sociological Review, 23(1), 49-63.
- Kupetz, O. (2016). Skill mismatch and overeducation in transition economies: Substantial skill shortages coexist with overeducation, affecting both young and old workers. IZA World of Labor, 224. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/191011379.pdf
- McGuinness, S., Pouliakas, K. & Redmond, P. (2017). How useful is the concept of skills mismatch? Background note for the ILO International conference on jobs and skills mismatch, https://www.ilo.org/skills/pubs/WCMS_552798/lang--en/index.htm
- MEB (2018). Türkiye'de mesleki ve teknik eğitimin görünümü. Eğitim Analiz ve Değerlendirme Raporları Serisi No:1. Ankara: MEB.
- Mercan, M. A., Karakas, M., Citci, S. A. & Babacan, M. (2015). Sector-based analysis of the education–occupation mismatch in the Turkish labor market. EDAM Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice,15(1), 397-407.
- OECD (2009). Learning for jobs: OECD policy review of vocational education and training: Initial report. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2019).What students know and can do (Volume I). Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2020).Education at a glance 2020: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/69096873-en
- Ortiz, E. A., Kaltenberg, M., Jara-Figueroa, C., Bornacelly, I. & Hartmann, D. (2020). Local labor markets and higher education mismatch. IDB Working Paper Series IDB-WP-01115. https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Local-Labor-Markets-and-Higher-Education-Mismatch-What-is-The-Role-of-Public-and-Private-Institutions.pdf
- Özer, M. (2018). The 2023 Education Vision and new goals in vocational and technical education. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 8(3), 425–435.
- Özer, M. (2019a). Reconsidering the fundamental problems of vocational education and training in Turkey and proposed solutions for restructuring. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 39(2), 1–19.
- Özer, M. (2019b). Background of problems in vocational education and training and its road map to solution in Turkey's Education Vision 2023. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 9(1), 1–11.
- Özer, M. & Suna, H. E. (2019). Future of vocational and technical education in Turkey: Solid steps taken after Education Vision 2023. Journal of Education and Humanities, 10(20), 165–192.
- Özer, M. (2020a). Türkiye'de mesleki eğitimde paradigma değişimi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 357-384.
- Özer, M. (2020b). Türkiye'nin mesleki eğitim ile imtihanı - mesleki eğitimde paradigma değişimi. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Özer, M. (2020c). Vocational education and training as “A friend in need” during coronavirus pandemic in Turkey. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(2), 1-7.
- Özer, M. (2020d). The contribution of the strengthened capacity of vocational education and training system in Turkey to the fight against COVID-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 134-140.
- Özer, M. (2020e). Educational Policy Actions by the Ministry of National Education in the times of COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1124-1129.
- Özer, M. & Suna, H. E. (2020). The linkage between vocational education and labor market in Turkey: employability and skill mismatch. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 28(2), 558-569
- Özer, M. (2021a). Türkiye'de mesleki eğitimi güçlendirmek için atılan yeni adımlar. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(16), 1-16.
- Özer, M. (2021b). Eğitim politikalarında sistemik uyum. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Palmer, R. (2017). Jobs and skills mismatch in the informal economy. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_629018.pdf
- Perc, M., Özer, M. & Hojnik, J. (2019). Social and juristic challenges of artificial intelligence. Palgrave Commun, 5, 61.
- Shevchuk, A., Strebkov, D. & Davis, S. N. (2019) Skill mismatch and work–life conflict: the mediating role of job satisfaction, Journal of Education and Work, 32(2), 181-195, doi:10.1080/13639080.2019.1616281
- Solga, H., Protsch, P., Ebner, C. & Brzinsky-Fay, C. (2014). The German vocational education and training system: Its institutional configuration, strength, and challenges. WZB Discussion Paper SP-I-2014-502. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/wzbslm/spi2014502.html
- Somers, M. A., Cabus, S. J., Groot, W. & van den Brink, H. M. (2016). Horizontal mismatch between employment and the field of education: Evidence from a systematic literature review. TIER Working Paper Series No 16/02. Maastricht: Top Institute for Evidence Based Education Research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325517774_HORIZONTAL_MISMATCH_BETWEEN_EMPLOYMENT_AND_FIELD_OF_EDUCATION_EVIDENCE_FROM_A_SYSTEMATIC_LITERATURE_REVIEW
- Suna, H. E., Tanberkan, H., Eroğlu, E., Özer, M. & Gür, B. S. (2020). Horizontal skills mismatch in vocational education in Turkey: The reasons for out-of-field employment. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 40(2), 931–955.
- Susanlı, Z. B. (2020). Türkiye'de beceri açığı: Firma verisi analizi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(1), 95-106.
- Temple, J. (2000). Growth effects of education and social capital in the OECD countries. https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/1825293.pdf
- Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV) (2013). İşgücü piyasalarının göz ardı edilen sorunları: Eksik istihdam, atıl istihdam ve beceri uyuşmazlığı. TEPAV Politika Notu. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1386324778-1.Isgucu_Piyasalarinin_Goz_Ardi_Edilen_Sorunlari___Eksik_Istihdam__Atil_Istihdam_ve_Beceri_Uyusmazligi.pdf
- UNESCO (1999). Investıng in education: Analysis of the 1999 World Educatıon Indicators. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/investing-in-education-analysis-of-the-1999-world-education-indicators-en.pdf
How compatible is the Supply of Vocational Education and Training Graduates with Labor Market Demand in Turkey?
Öz
The transition of a country's graduates with vocational skills into the labor market indicates both the efficiency of vocational education and training (VET) and economic development. Many countries have conducted studies to monitor and match the expectations of the labor market with students’ preferences. Scholars and policymakers in Turkey have long debated the compatibility of the level of VET graduates’ skills and needs of the labor market and called for field studies to form a basis for national policy. The current study examine the relationship between open job positions in diverse professions, as indicated by İŞKUR's 2019 Labor Market Research (IPA), and the vocational fields of VET students at the regional level. The skills required by the open positions and the vocational fields in which these skills were acquired are linked in this study to evaluate their compatibility. The research findings showed remarkable differences between the demands of the labor market and the supply of VET graduates across Turkey. In some vocational fields, the imbalance occurred simultaneously across multiple regions. The results emphasize the importance of improving the balance between supply-and-demand at both the regional and provincial level to increase the compatibility between labor market demands and supply in VET.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Vocational education and training Supply and demand Skills mismatch Labor market Supply of graduates
Kaynakça
- Badillo‐Amador, L., & Vila, L. E. (2013), Education and skill mismatches: Wage and job satisfaction consequences. International Journal of Manpower, 34(5), 416-428.
- Bartlett, W. (2013). Skill mismatch, education systems, and labor markets in EU neighbourhood policy countries. Wp5/20 Search Working Paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258286624_Skill_Mismatch_Education_Systems_and_Labour_Markets_in_EU_Neighbourhood_Policy_Countries
- Boissiere, M. (2004). Rationale for public investments in primary education in developing countries. The World Bank Operations Evaluation Department. https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/sites/default/files/Data/reports/education_public_investments_wp.pdf
- Brown, P. & Lauder, H. (1991). Education, economy and social change. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 1, 3-23.
- Canbal, M. S., Kerkez, B., Suna, H. E., Numanoğlu, K. V. & Özer, M. (2020). Mesleki ve teknik ortaöğretimde paradigma değişimi için yeni bir adım: Eğitim programlarının güncellenmesi. Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri: Teori ve Uygulama, 11(21), 1-26.
- Cappelli, P. (2015). Skill gaps, skill shortages and skill mismatches: evidence and arguments for the US. Industrial and labour relations review, 68(2) 251-290.
- Castellano, F. L., García-Quero, F. & García-Carmona, M. (2019). Perspectives on human and social capital theories and the role of education: An approach from Mediterranean thought. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 51(1), 51-62.
- CEDEFOP (2010). The skill matching challenge: Analyzing skill mismatch & policy implications. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3056_en.pdf
- CEDEFOP (2014). Skill mismatch: more than meets the eye. CEDEFOP Briefing Note. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/9087_en.pdf
- CEDEFOP (2018). Insights into skill shortages and skill mismatch: Learning from Cedefop's European skills and jobs survey. CEDEFOP Reference series 106. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3075_en.pdf
- Creswell, J. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
- Ege, A. A. (2020). Analyzing the incidence and causes of field of study mismatch in Turkey: Evidence from Turkstat labor force surveys. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
- Erikli, S. (2015). Sinop ilinde işgücü piyasasının temel sorunu: Beceri uyumsuzluğu. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2, 18-33.
- Filiztekin, A. (2011). Education-occupation mismatch in Turkish labor market. MPRA Paper 35123. Germany: University Library of Munich.
- Fuller, A. (2015). Vocational education. In: James D. Wright (Ed.). International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd edition, pp. 232-238), Vol.25, Oxford: Elsevier.
- Galasi, P. (2008). The effect of educational mismatch on wages for 25 countries. Budapest Working Papers on Labor Market. http://www.econ.core.hu/file/download/bwp/ BWP0808.pdf
- Iannelli, C. & Raffe, D. (2007). Vocational upper-secondary education and the transition from school. European Sociological Review, 23(1), 49-63.
- Kupetz, O. (2016). Skill mismatch and overeducation in transition economies: Substantial skill shortages coexist with overeducation, affecting both young and old workers. IZA World of Labor, 224. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/191011379.pdf
- McGuinness, S., Pouliakas, K. & Redmond, P. (2017). How useful is the concept of skills mismatch? Background note for the ILO International conference on jobs and skills mismatch, https://www.ilo.org/skills/pubs/WCMS_552798/lang--en/index.htm
- MEB (2018). Türkiye'de mesleki ve teknik eğitimin görünümü. Eğitim Analiz ve Değerlendirme Raporları Serisi No:1. Ankara: MEB.
- Mercan, M. A., Karakas, M., Citci, S. A. & Babacan, M. (2015). Sector-based analysis of the education–occupation mismatch in the Turkish labor market. EDAM Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice,15(1), 397-407.
- OECD (2009). Learning for jobs: OECD policy review of vocational education and training: Initial report. Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2019).What students know and can do (Volume I). Paris: OECD Publishing.
- OECD (2020).Education at a glance 2020: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/69096873-en
- Ortiz, E. A., Kaltenberg, M., Jara-Figueroa, C., Bornacelly, I. & Hartmann, D. (2020). Local labor markets and higher education mismatch. IDB Working Paper Series IDB-WP-01115. https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Local-Labor-Markets-and-Higher-Education-Mismatch-What-is-The-Role-of-Public-and-Private-Institutions.pdf
- Özer, M. (2018). The 2023 Education Vision and new goals in vocational and technical education. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 8(3), 425–435.
- Özer, M. (2019a). Reconsidering the fundamental problems of vocational education and training in Turkey and proposed solutions for restructuring. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 39(2), 1–19.
- Özer, M. (2019b). Background of problems in vocational education and training and its road map to solution in Turkey's Education Vision 2023. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 9(1), 1–11.
- Özer, M. & Suna, H. E. (2019). Future of vocational and technical education in Turkey: Solid steps taken after Education Vision 2023. Journal of Education and Humanities, 10(20), 165–192.
- Özer, M. (2020a). Türkiye'de mesleki eğitimde paradigma değişimi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 357-384.
- Özer, M. (2020b). Türkiye'nin mesleki eğitim ile imtihanı - mesleki eğitimde paradigma değişimi. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Özer, M. (2020c). Vocational education and training as “A friend in need” during coronavirus pandemic in Turkey. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(2), 1-7.
- Özer, M. (2020d). The contribution of the strengthened capacity of vocational education and training system in Turkey to the fight against COVID-19. Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 134-140.
- Özer, M. (2020e). Educational Policy Actions by the Ministry of National Education in the times of COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1124-1129.
- Özer, M. & Suna, H. E. (2020). The linkage between vocational education and labor market in Turkey: employability and skill mismatch. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 28(2), 558-569
- Özer, M. (2021a). Türkiye'de mesleki eğitimi güçlendirmek için atılan yeni adımlar. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(16), 1-16.
- Özer, M. (2021b). Eğitim politikalarında sistemik uyum. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- Palmer, R. (2017). Jobs and skills mismatch in the informal economy. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_629018.pdf
- Perc, M., Özer, M. & Hojnik, J. (2019). Social and juristic challenges of artificial intelligence. Palgrave Commun, 5, 61.
- Shevchuk, A., Strebkov, D. & Davis, S. N. (2019) Skill mismatch and work–life conflict: the mediating role of job satisfaction, Journal of Education and Work, 32(2), 181-195, doi:10.1080/13639080.2019.1616281
- Solga, H., Protsch, P., Ebner, C. & Brzinsky-Fay, C. (2014). The German vocational education and training system: Its institutional configuration, strength, and challenges. WZB Discussion Paper SP-I-2014-502. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/wzbslm/spi2014502.html
- Somers, M. A., Cabus, S. J., Groot, W. & van den Brink, H. M. (2016). Horizontal mismatch between employment and the field of education: Evidence from a systematic literature review. TIER Working Paper Series No 16/02. Maastricht: Top Institute for Evidence Based Education Research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325517774_HORIZONTAL_MISMATCH_BETWEEN_EMPLOYMENT_AND_FIELD_OF_EDUCATION_EVIDENCE_FROM_A_SYSTEMATIC_LITERATURE_REVIEW
- Suna, H. E., Tanberkan, H., Eroğlu, E., Özer, M. & Gür, B. S. (2020). Horizontal skills mismatch in vocational education in Turkey: The reasons for out-of-field employment. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 40(2), 931–955.
- Susanlı, Z. B. (2020). Türkiye'de beceri açığı: Firma verisi analizi. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(1), 95-106.
- Temple, J. (2000). Growth effects of education and social capital in the OECD countries. https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/1825293.pdf
- Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV) (2013). İşgücü piyasalarının göz ardı edilen sorunları: Eksik istihdam, atıl istihdam ve beceri uyuşmazlığı. TEPAV Politika Notu. https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1386324778-1.Isgucu_Piyasalarinin_Goz_Ardi_Edilen_Sorunlari___Eksik_Istihdam__Atil_Istihdam_ve_Beceri_Uyusmazligi.pdf
- UNESCO (1999). Investıng in education: Analysis of the 1999 World Educatıon Indicators. http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/investing-in-education-analysis-of-the-1999-world-education-indicators-en.pdf
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2 |
